Michigan constitution

Section 1 - All political power is inherent in the people. Government is...

Section 2 - No person shall be denied the equal protection of the...

Section 3 - The people have the right peaceably to assemble, to consult...

Section 4 - Every person shall be at liberty to worship God according...

Section 5 - Every person may freely speak, write, express and publish his...

Section 6 - Every person has a right to keep and bear arms...

Section 7 - The military shall in all cases and at all times...

Section 8 - No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in...

Section 9 - Neither slavery, nor involuntary servitude unless for the punishment of...

Section 10 - No bill of attainder, ex post facto law or law...

Section 11 - The person, houses, papers, possessions, and electronic data and electronic...

Section 12 - The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not...

Section 13 - A suitor in any court of this state has the...

Section 14 - The right of trial by jury shall remain, but shall...

Section 15 - (d) A person who is indicted for, or arraigned on...

Section 16 - Excessive bail shall not be required; excessive fines shall not...

Section 17 - No person shall be compelled in any criminal case to...

Section 18 - No person shall be rendered incompetent to be a witness...

Section 19 - In all prosecutions for libels the truth may be given...

Section 20 - In every criminal prosecution, the accused shall have the right...

Section 21 - No person shall be imprisoned for debt arising out of...

Section 22 - Treason against the state shall consist only in levying war...

Section 23 - The enumeration in this constitution of certain rights shall not...

Section 24 - (2) The legislature may provide by law for the enforcement...

Section 25 - To secure and preserve the benefits of marriage for our...

Section 26 - (9) This section does not invalidate any court order or...

Section 27 - (3) Any provision of this section held unconstitutional shall be...

Section 28 - (5) This section shall be self-executing. Any provision of this...

Section 1 - Every citizen of the United States who has attained the...

Section 2 - The legislature may by law exclude persons from voting because...

Section 3 - For purposes of voting in the election for president and...

Section 4 - (3) A county, city, or township conducting an election may...

Section 5 - Except for special elections to fill vacancies, or as otherwise...

Section 6 - Whenever any question is required to be submitted by a...

Section 7 - (7) For purposes of this section “to certify” means to...

Section 8 - Laws shall be enacted to provide for the recall of...

Section 9 - Legislative implementation The legislature shall implement the provisions of this...

Section 10 - No person shall be elected to office as representative in...

Section 1 - The seat of government shall be at Lansing.

Section 2 - The powers of government are divided into three branches; legislative,...

Section 3 - There shall be a great seal of the State of...

Section 4 - The militia shall be organized, equipped and disciplined as provided...

Section 5 - Subject to provisions of general law, this state or any...

Section 6 - The state shall not be a party to, nor be...

Section 7 - The common law and the statute laws now in force,...

Section 8 - Either house of the legislature or the governor may request...

Section 1 - Except to the extent limited or abrogated by Article IV,...

Section 2 - The senate shall consist of 38 members to be elected...

Section 3 - The house of representatives shall consist of 110 members elected...

Section 6 - (22) Notwithstanding any other provision of this constitution, or any...

Section 7 - Each senator and representative must be a citizen of the...

Section 8 - No person holding any office, employment or position under the...

Section 9 - No person elected to the legislature shall receive any civil...

Section 10 - (5) If legislation implementing this section is not enacted by...

Section 11 - Except as provided by law, senators and representatives shall be...

Section 12 - The concurrent resolution may amend the salary and expense determinations...

Section 13 - The legislature shall meet at the seat of government on...

Section 14 - A majority of the members elected to and serving in...

Section 15 - There shall be a bi-partisan legislative council consisting of legislators...

Section 16 - Each house, except as otherwise provided in this constitution, shall...

Section 17 - Each house of the legislature may establish the committees necessary...

Section 18 - Each house shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and...

Section 19 - All elections in either house or in joint convention and...

Section 20 - The doors of each house shall be open unless the...

Section 21 - Neither house shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn...

Section 22 - All legislation shall be by bill and may originate in...

Section 23 - The style of the laws shall be: The People of...

Section 24 - No law shall embrace more than one object, which shall...

Section 25 - No law shall be revised, altered or amended by reference...

Section 26 - No bill shall be passed or become a law at...

Section 27 - No act shall take effect until the expiration of 90...

Section 28 - When the legislature is convened on extraordinary occasions in special...

Section 29 - The legislature shall pass no local or special act in...

Section 30 - The assent of two-thirds of the members elected to and...

Section 31 - The general appropriation bills for the succeeding fiscal period covering...

Section 32 - Every law which imposes, continues or revives a tax shall...

Section 33 - Every bill passed by the legislature shall be presented to...

Section 34 - Any bill passed by the legislature and approved by the...

Section 35 - All laws enacted at any session of the legislature shall...

Section 36 - No general revision of the laws shall be made. The...

Section 37 - The legislature may by concurrent resolution empower a joint committee...

Section 38 - The legislature may provide by law the cases in which...

Section 39 - In order to insure continuity of state and local governmental...

Section 40 - A person shall not sell or give any alcoholic beverage...

Section 41 - The legislature may authorize lotteries and permit the sale of...

Section 42 - The legislature may provide for the incorporation of ports and...

Section 43 - No general law providing for the incorporation of trust companies...

Section 44 - The legislature may authorize a trial by a jury of...

Section 45 - The legislature may provide for indeterminate sentences as punishment for...

Section 46 - No law shall be enacted providing for the penalty of...

Section 47 - The legislature may authorize the employment of chaplains in state...

Section 48 - The legislature may enact laws providing for the resolution of...

Section 49 - The legislature may enact laws relative to the hours and...

Section 50 - The legislature may provide safety measures and regulate the use...

Section 51 - The public health and general welfare of the people of...

Section 52 - The conservation and development of the natural resources of the...

Section 53 - The auditor general, his deputy and one other member of...

Section 54 - (1) A person may not be elected to the office...

Section 1 - Except to the extent limited or abrogated by Article V,...

Section 2 - Notwithstanding any other provision of this constitution or any prior...

Section 3 - Terms of office of any board or commission created or...

Section 4 - Except to the extent limited or abrogated by Article V,...

Section 5 - A majority of the members of an appointed examining or...

Section 6 - Appointment by and with the advice and consent of the...

Section 7 - Vacancies in any office, appointment to which requires advice and...

Section 8 - The governor may initiate court proceedings in the name of...

Section 9 - Single executives heading principal departments and the chief executive officers...

Section 10 - The governor shall have power and it shall be his...

Section 11 - The governor may make a provisional appointment to fill a...

Section 12 - The governor shall be commander-in-chief of the armed forces and...

Section 13 - The governor shall issue writs of election to fill vacancies...

Section 14 - The governor shall have power to grant reprieves, commutations and...

Section 15 - The governor may convene the legislature on extraordinary occasions.

Section 16 - The governor may convene the legislature at some other place...

Section 17 - The governor shall communicate by message to the legislature at...

Section 18 - The governor shall submit to the legislature at a time...

Section 19 - The governor may disapprove any distinct item or items appropriating...

Section 20 - No appropriation shall be a mandate to spend. The governor,...

Section 21 - Vacancies in the office of the secretary of state and...

Section 22 - To be eligible for the office of governor or lieutenant...

Section 23 - The governor, lieutenant governor, secretary of state and attorney general...

Section 24 - An executive residence suitably furnished shall be provided at the...

Section 25 - The lieutenant governor shall be president of the senate, but...

Section 26 - Determination of inability The inability of the governor or person...

Section 27 - The legislature shall provide that the salary of any state...

Section 28 - There is hereby established a state transportation commission, which shall...

Section 29 - Appeals from final orders of the commission, including cease and...

Section 30 - No person shall be elected more than two times to...

Section 1 - Except to the extent limited or abrogated by Article IV,...

Section 2 - The supreme court shall consist of seven justices elected at...

Section 3 - One justice of the supreme court shall be selected by...

Section 4 - Except to the extent limited or abrogated by Article IV,...

Section 5 - The supreme court shall by general rules establish, modify, amend...

Section 6 - Decisions of the supreme court, including all decisions on prerogative...

Section 7 - The supreme court may appoint, may remove, and shall have...

Section 8 - The court of appeals shall consist initially of nine judges...

Section 9 - Judges of the court of appeals shall hold office for...

Section 10 - The jurisdiction of the court of appeals shall be provided...

Section 11 - The state shall be divided into judicial circuits along county...

Section 12 - Circuit judges shall be nominated and elected at nonpartisan elections...

Section 13 - The circuit court shall have original jurisdiction in all matters...

Section 14 - The clerk of each county organized for judicial purposes or...

Section 15 - In each county organized for judicial purposes there shall be...

Section 16 - One or more judges of probate as provided by law...

Section 17 - No judge or justice of any court of this state...

Section 18 - Salaries of justices of the supreme court, of the judges...

Section 19 - (3) No person shall be elected or appointed to a...

Section 20 - Whenever a justice or judge removes his domicile beyond the...

Section 21 - Any justice or judge of a court of record shall...

Section 22 - Any judge of the court of appeals, circuit court or...

Section 23 - A vacancy shall occur in the office of judge of...

Section 24 - There shall be printed upon the ballot under the name...

Section 25 - For reasonable cause, which is not sufficient ground for impeachment,...

Section 26 - The offices of circuit court commissioner and justice of the...

Section 27 - The supreme court, the court of appeals, the circuit court,...

Section 28 - All final decisions, findings, rulings and orders of any administrative...

Section 29 - Justices of the supreme court, judges of the court of...

Section 30 - (2) On recommendation of the judicial tenure commission, the supreme...

Section 1 - Each organized county shall be a body corporate with powers...

Section 2 - Any county may frame, adopt, amend or repeal a county...

Section 3 - No organized county shall be reduced by the organization of...

Section 4 - There shall be elected for four-year terms in each organized...

Section 5 - The sheriff, county clerk, county treasurer and register of deeds...

Section 6 - The sheriff may be required by law to renew his...

Section 7 - A board of supervisors shall be established in each organized...

Section 8 - Boards of supervisors shall have legislative, administrative and such other...

Section 9 - Boards of supervisors shall have exclusive power to fix the...

Section 10 - A county seat once established shall not be removed until...

Section 11 - No county shall incur any indebtedness which shall increase its...

Section 12 - A navigable stream shall not be bridged or dammed without...

Section 13 - Two or more contiguous counties may combine into a single...

Section 14 - The board of supervisors of each organized county may organize...

Section 15 - Any county, when authorized by its board of supervisors shall...

Section 16 - The legislature may provide for the laying out, construction, improvement...

Section 17 - Each organized township shall be a body corporate with powers...

Section 18 - In each organized township there shall be elected for terms...

Section 19 - No organized township shall grant any public utility franchise which...

Section 20 - The legislature shall provide by law for the dissolution of...

Section 21 - The legislature shall provide by general laws for the incorporation...

Section 22 - Under general laws the electors of each city and village...

Section 23 - Any city or village may acquire, own, establish and maintain,...

Section 24 - Subject to this constitution, any city or village may acquire,...

Section 25 - No city or village shall acquire any public utility furnishing...

Section 26 - Except as otherwise provided in this constitution, no city or...

Section 27 - Notwithstanding any other provision of this constitution the legislature may...

Section 28 - The legislature by general law shall authorize two or more...

Section 29 - No person, partnership, association or corporation, public or private, operating...

Section 30 - No franchise or license shall be granted by any township,...

Section 31 - The legislature shall not vacate or alter any road, street,...

Section 32 - Any county, township, city, village, authority or school district empowered...

Section 33 - Any elected officer of a political subdivision may be removed...

Section 34 - The provisions of this constitution and law concerning counties, townships,...

Section 1 - Religion, morality and knowledge being necessary to good government and...

Section 2 - The legislature shall maintain and support a system of free...

Section 3 - Leadership and general supervision over all public education, including adult...

Section 4 - The legislature shall appropriate moneys to maintain the University of...

Section 5 - The regents of the University of Michigan and their successors...

Section 6 - Other institutions of higher education established by law having authority...

Section 7 - The legislature shall provide by law for the establishment and...

Section 8 - Institutions, programs, and services for the care, treatment, education, or...

Section 9 - The legislature shall provide by law for the establishment and...

Section 1 - The legislature shall impose taxes sufficient with other resources to...

Section 2 - The power of taxation shall never be surrendered, suspended or...

Section 3 - The legislature shall provide for the uniform general ad valorem...

Section 4 - Property owned and occupied by nonprofit religious or educational organizations...

Section 5 - The legislature shall provide for the assessment by the state...

Section 6 - Except as otherwise provided in this constitution, the total amount...

Section 7 - No income tax graduated as to rate or base shall...

Section 8 - Except as provided in this section, the Legislature shall not...

Section 9 - All specific taxes, except general sales and use taxes and...

Section 10 - Fifteen percent of all taxes imposed on retailers on taxable...

Section 11 - There shall be established a state school aid fund which...

Section 12 - No evidence of state indebtedness shall be issued except for...

Section 13 - Public bodies corporate shall have power to borrow money and...

Section 14 - To meet obligations incurred pursuant to appropriations for any fiscal...

Section 15 - The state may borrow money for specific purposes in amounts...

Section 16 - The state, in addition to any other borrowing power, may...

Section 17 - No money shall be paid out of the state treasury...

Section 18 - The credit of the state shall not be granted to,...

Section 19 - (c) Funds held as permanent funds or endowment funds other...

Section 20 - No state money shall be deposited in banks, savings and...

Section 21 - The legislature shall provide by law for the annual accounting...

Section 22 - Procedures for the examination and adjustment of claims against the...

Section 23 - All financial records, accountings, audit reports and other reports of...

Section 24 - The accrued financial benefits of each pension plan and retirement...

Section 25 - Property taxes and other local taxes and state taxation and...

Section 26 - There is hereby established a limit on the total amount...

Section 27 - The revenue limit of Section 26 of this Article may...

Section 28 - No expenses of state government shall be incurred in any...

Section 29 - The state is hereby prohibited from reducing the state financed...

Section 30 - The proportion of total state spending paid to all units...

Section 31 - Units of Local Government are hereby prohibited from levying any...

Section 32 - Any taxpayer of the state shall have standing to bring...

Section 33 - Definitions. The definitions of this section shall apply to Section...

Section 34 - The Legislature shall implement the provisions of Sections 25 through...

Section 35 - (7)The legislature shall provide by law for the implementation of...

Section 35a - (7)The legislature shall provide by law for implementation of this...

Section 36 - Six percent of the proceeds of the tax on tobacco...

Section 37 - The Michigan veterans’ trust fund is established within the department...

Section 38 - The Michigan veterans’ trust fund board of trustees is established...

Section 39 - The Michigan veterans’ trust fund board of trustees shall administer...

Section 40 - (h) The administration of the waterways account, which may include...

Section 41 - The Michigan game and fish protection trust fund is established....

Section 42 - (c) The administration of the Michigan nongame fish and wildlife...

Section 1 - The disabilities of coverture as to property are abolished. The...

Section 2 - Private property shall not be taken for public use without...

Section 3 - A homestead in the amount of not less than $3,500...

Section 4 - Procedures relating to escheats and to the custody and disposition...

Section 5 - The legislature shall have general supervisory jurisdiction over all state...

Section 6 - Aliens who are residents of this state shall enjoy the...

Section 1 - All officers, legislative, executive and judicial, before entering upon the...

Section 2 - The terms of office of elective state officers, members of...

Section 3 - Neither the legislature nor any political subdivision of this state...

Section 4 - No person having custody or control of public moneys shall...

Section 5 - The classified state civil service shall consist of all positions...

Section 6 - By ordinance or resolution of its governing body which shall...

Section 7 - The house of representatives shall have the sole power of...

Section 8 - The legislature shall prescribe by law for the implementation of...

Section 1 - Amendments to this constitution may be proposed in the senate...

Section 2 - Amendments may be proposed to this constitution by petition of...

Section 3 - At the general election to be held in the year...

Section 4 - If any section, subsection or part of Article 2, Section...

Section 1 - The attorney general shall recommend to the legislature as soon...

Section 2 - All writs, actions, suits, proceedings, civil or criminal liabilities, prosecutions,...

Section 3 - Except as otherwise provided in this constitution, all officers filling...

Section 4 - All officers elected at the same election that this constitution...

Section 5 - Notwithstanding any other provision in this constitution, the governor, the...

Section 6 - Notwithstanding the provisions of this constitution that the supreme court...

Section 7 - Any judge of probate serving on the effective date of...

Section 8 - The provisions of Article VI providing that terms of judicial...

Section 9 - The members of the state board of education provided for...

Section 10 - The provisions of this constitution providing for members of boards...

Section 11 - The provisions of this constitution increasing the number of members...

Section 12 - The initial allocation of departments by law pursuant to Section...

Section 13 - Contractual obligations of the state incurred pursuant to the constitution...

Section 14 - The legislature by a vote of two-thirds of the members...

Section 15 - This constitution shall be submitted to the people for their...

Section 16 - Every registered elector may vote on the adoption of the...

Signature block - The vote on the constitution of 1963, as certified by...