Code of Virginia
Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances

Chapter 1 - Creation and Limitation of Estates

§ 55.1-100. Aliens may acquire, hold, and transmit real estate; when reciprocity required - Any alien, not an enemy, may acquire by purchase or...

§ 55.1-101. When deed or will necessary to convey estate; no parol partition or gift valid - A. No estate of inheritance or freehold in lands shall...

§ 55.1-102. When gift of personal property invalid - No gift of any personal property is valid (i) unless...

§ 55.1-103. Suicide or attainder of felony - Neither suicide nor attainder of felony shall cause a corruption...

§ 55.1-104. Estates to lie in grant as well as in livery - All real estate shall, as regards the conveyance of the...

§ 55.1-105. Same estates may be created by deed as by will - Any interest in or claim to real estate, including easements...

§ 55.1-106. Power of disposal in life tenant not to defeat remainder unless exercised; power of disposal held by fiduciary - If any interest in or claim to real estate or...

§ 55.1-107. Default or surrender of tenant for life not to prejudice remainderman - If any tenant for life of land make default or...

§ 55.1-108. Conveyance of estate or interest in property by grantor to himself and another - Any person having an estate or interest in real or...

§ 55.1-109. Deed valid for grantor's right; operation of warranty - A writing that purports to pass or assure a greater...

§ 55.1-110. Conveyance, devise, or grant without words of limitation - When any real estate is conveyed, devised, or granted to...

§ 55.1-111. Fee tail converted into fee simple - Every estate in lands so limited that, as the law...

§ 55.1-112. Estate of freehold to one with remainder to heirs, etc.; rule in Shelley's Case abolished - Wherever any person by deed, will, or other writing takes...

§ 55.1-113. Doctrine of worthier title abolished - The doctrine of worthier title is abolished in the Commonwealth...

§ 55.1-114. When contingent remainder not to fail - A contingent remainder shall not fail for want of a...

§ 55.1-115. When remainders not defeated - The alienation of a particular estate on which a remainder...

§ 55.1-116. In what conveyances possession transferred to the use - By deed of bargain and sale, or by deeds of...

§ 55.1-117. Land trusts not to fail because no beneficiaries are specified by name and no duties laid on trustee; when interest of beneficiaries deemed personal property; liens - No trust relating to real estate shall fail nor shall...

§ 55.1-118. Deed of release effectual - Every deed of release of any estate or interest capable...

§ 55.1-119. When person not a party, etc., may take or sue under instrument - An immediate estate or interest in or the benefit of...

§ 55.1-120. Informalities in deeds made by attorneys-in-fact - If, in a deed made by one as attorney-in-fact for...

§ 55.1-121. Time for objections to irregularities in advertising sales made by trustees - All deeds made and executed prior to January 1, 1940,...

§ 55.1-122. Recovery at death of life tenant of taxes paid on life estate - When any person dies possessed of a life estate in...

§ 55.1-123. Removal of a cloud on title; nature of plaintiff's title - When a petition is filed to remove a cloud on...

§ 55.1-124. Uniform Statutory Rule Against Perpetuities - A. A nonvested property interest is invalid unless: 1. When...

§ 55.1-125. When nonvested property interest or power of appointment created - A. Except as provided in subsections B and C and...

§ 55.1-126. Reformation - Upon the petition of an interested person, a circuit court...

§ 55.1-127. Exclusions from statutory rule against perpetuities - A. Section 55.1-124 does not apply to: 1. A nonvested...

§ 55.1-128. Prospective application - Sections 55.1-124 through 55.1-129 apply to a nonvested property interest...

§ 55.1-129. Uniformity of application and construction - Sections 55.1-124 through 55.1-129 shall be applied and construed to...

§ 55.1-130. Certain limitations construed - Every limitation in any deed or will contingent upon the...

§ 55.1-131. Employee trusts - Pension, profit sharing, stock bonus, annuity, or other employee trusts...

§ 55.1-132. Determination of "lives in being" for purpose of rule against perpetuities - A. For the purpose of determining whether the terms of...

§ 55.1-133. Application of the rule against perpetuities to nondonative transfers - A. Except for the transactions set forth in § 55.1-127,...

§ 55.1-134. Survivorship between joint tenants abolished - A. When any joint tenant dies, before or after the...

§ 55.1-135. Joint ownership in real and personal property - Any persons may own real or personal property as joint...

§ 55.1-136. Tenants by the entirety in real and personal property; certain trusts - A. Spouses may own real or personal property as tenants...

§ 55.1-137. Creation of solar easements - Any easement obtained for the purpose of exposure of solar...

§ 55.1-138. Contents of solar easement agreements - Any instrument creating a solar easement shall include, at a...

Chapter 2 - Property Rights of Married Persons

§ 55.1-200. How married persons may acquire and dispose of property - Married persons shall have the right to acquire, hold, use,...

§ 55.1-201. Contracts of, and actions by and against, married persons - A married person may contract and be contracted with and...

§ 55.1-202. Spouse not responsible for other spouse's contracts, etc.; mutual liability for necessaries; responsibility of personal representative - Except as otherwise provided in this section, a spouse shall...

§ 55.1-203. Spouse's right of entry into land not barred by certain judgments; when a spouse may defend his right in lands that are his inheritance - A spouse shall not be barred of his right of...

§ 55.1-204. Rights of spouse not affected by other spouse's acts only - No conveyance or other act by one spouse only of...

§ 55.1-205. Conveyance from married persons; effect on right of either spouse - When persons married to each other have signed and delivered...

§ 55.1-206. How infant spouse may release interests in spouse's property - Notwithstanding the disability of infancy, on or after January 1,...

§ 55.1-207. Appointment of attorney-in-fact by married person; effect of writing executed by such attorney - A married person, whether a resident of the Commonwealth or...

§ 55.1-208. How estate of a married person to pass at death - When a married person, having title to any estate, dies...

§ 55.1-209. Equitable separate estates abolished - The estate known as the equitable separate estate no longer...

§ 55.1-210. Tangible personal property - No presumption of ownership of tangible personal property shall arise...

Chapter 3 - Form and Effect of Deeds and Covenants; Liens

§ 55.1-300. Form of a deed - Every deed and corrected or amended deed may be made...

§ 55.1-300.1. Certificate of Release of Certain Prohibited Covenants - Any restrictive covenant prohibited by subsection A of § 36-96.6...

§ 55.1-301. How construed - Unless the deed provides otherwise, any deed conveying land shall...

§ 55.1-302. Construction of generic terms - In the interpretation of deeds, adopted persons and persons born...

§ 55.1-303. Appurtenances, etc., included in deed of land - Every deed conveying land shall be construed to include all...

§ 55.1-304. Relocation of easement - The owner of land that is subject to an easement...

§ 55.1-305. Enjoyment of easement - Unless otherwise provided for in the terms of an easement,...

§ 55.1-306. Utility easements - A. For the purposes of this section, "utility services" means...

§ 55.1-306.1. Utility easements; expansion of broadband - A. As used in this section, unless the context otherwise...

§ 55.1-307. Public road easements; maintenance and improvements - Whenever a public road that has never been abandoned but...

§ 55.1-308. Private roads; public use; maintenance and improvements - Notwithstanding any provision of a recorded deed or plat to...

§ 55.1-309. Deeds good between parties - Any deed, or a part of a deed, that fails...

§ 55.1-310. Conveyance of property not owned but subsequently acquired - When a deed purports to convey property, real or personal,...

§ 55.1-311. Vendor's equitable lien abolished - If any person conveys any real estate and the purchase...

§ 55.1-312. Certain deeds to county real estate validated - All deeds executed prior to January 1, 1920, by a...

§ 55.1-313. Validation of sales, etc., by county courts prior to 1860 - All sales or leases made prior to the year 1860...

§ 55.1-314. Deeds and writings executed for persons in military service, etc., under defective powers - All deeds or other writings executed by an agent or...

§ 55.1-315. Effect of option; recording - A. Any option to purchase real estate, and any memorandum,...

§ 55.1-316. Form of deed of trust to secure debts, etc. - A deed of trust to secure debts or indemnify sureties...

§ 55.1-317. Requirements for trustees - A. No person may be named or act, in person...

§ 55.1-318. Credit line deed of trust defined; relative priority of credit line deed of trust and other instruments of judgment - A. For the purpose of this section: "Beneficiary" means the...

§ 55.1-318.1. Effect of amendment to loan document on deed of trust - A deed of trust that has been recorded and that...

§ 55.1-319. Priority of residential refinance mortgage over subordinate mortgage - A. As used in this section: "Prior mortgage" means a...

§ 55.1-320. How deed of trust construed; duties, rights, etc., of parties - Every deed of trust to secure debts or indemnify sureties...

§ 55.1-321. Notices required before sale by trustee to owners, lienors, etc.; if note lost - A. In addition to the advertisement required by § 55.1-322,...

§ 55.1-322. Advertisement required before sale by trustee - A. Advertisement of sale by a trustee or trustees in...

§ 55.1-323. Contents of advertisements of sale - A. The advertisement of sale under any deed of trust,...

§ 55.1-324. Powers and duties of trustee in event of sale under or satisfaction of deed of trust - A. In the event of sale under a deed of...

§ 55.1-325. Meaning of phrases that may be included in deed of trust - The following provisions may be incorporated in any deed of...

§ 55.1-326. Evidences of indebtedness placed on equal footing - When bonds, notes, or other evidences of indebtedness are secured...

§ 55.1-327. Sales under deeds of trust that contain no maturity date or provision authorizing sale - When any property, real or personal, is conveyed by deed...

§ 55.1-328. Validation of conveyances of real property under trust instrument not authorizing sale - When any real property is conveyed by deed of trust...

§ 55.1-329. Permissible form for notice of sale under deed of trust - Notice of sale under any deed of trust regardless of...

§ 55.1-330. Construction of deeds requiring notice by advertisement in newspaper - A. Whenever any deed of trust to secure debts or...

§ 55.1-331. Disposition of surplus from trustee's sale after death of grantor - Whenever the grantor, or his successor in title, in any...

§ 55.1-332. Title to real estate sold not affected by nonlisting of secured notes for taxation - The title to real estate sold under a deed of...

§ 55.1-333. Validation of certain sales made under deeds of trust - All sales that have been made prior to January 1,...

§ 55.1-334. Validation of certain sales made under deeds of trust prior to October 1, 1977 - All sales that were made prior to October 1, 1977,...

§ 55.1-335. Validation of other sales under deeds of trust - All sales that were made prior to January 1, 1972,...

§ 55.1-336. Protection of assignees or transferees of debts secured by real estate; form of certificate of transfer - Whenever a debt or other obligation secured by a deed...

§ 55.1-337. Required notice of foreclosure or repossession of manufactured home - Whenever any assignee of an installment note secured by a...

§ 55.1-338. Release to person dead inures to successors - A release of a deed of trust or a conveyance...

§ 55.1-339. Release of deed of trust or other lien - A. As used in this section: "Deed of trust" means...

§ 55.1-340. Release by financial institution upon payment of debt placed with it for collection - In any case where a note, bond, or other evidence...

§ 55.1-341. Partial satisfaction - It is lawful for any lien creditor to record a...

§ 55.1-342. Permissible form for certificate of satisfaction or certificate of partial satisfaction - Any release by a certificate of satisfaction or certificate of...

§ 55.1-343. Where certificates of satisfaction are to be indexed - The clerk shall record a certificate of partial satisfaction or...

§ 55.1-344. Releases made by court; costs and attorney fees - A. Any person who owns or has any interest in...

§ 55.1-345. Recordation of certificate of satisfaction, etc., required when release of lien recorded - Whenever a release of a deed of trust or other...

§ 55.1-346. Applicability - The procedure authorized by this article for the release of...

§ 55.1-347. Definitions - As used in this article, unless the context requires otherwise:...

§ 55.1-348. Document of rescission; effect; liability for wrongful recording - A. As used in this section, "document of rescission" means...

§ 55.1-349. Secured creditor to submit satisfaction for recording; liability for failure - A. A secured creditor shall submit for recording a satisfaction...

§ 55.1-350. Form and effect of satisfaction - A. A document is sufficient to constitute a satisfaction of...

§ 55.1-351. Relation to Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act - To the extent permitted by law, this article modifies, limits,...

§ 55.1-352. Uniform standards - In consultation with the circuit court clerks, the Executive Secretary...

§ 55.1-353. Effect of word "covenants." - When a deed uses the words "the said ________ covenants,"...

§ 55.1-354. Effect of covenant of general warranty - A covenant by the grantor in a deed "that he...

§ 55.1-355. Covenant of special warranty - A covenant by any such grantor "that he will warrant...

§ 55.1-356. Words "with general warranty," "with special warranty," and "with English covenants of title" construed - The words "with general warranty" in the granting part of...

§ 55.1-357. Implied warranties on new homes - A. As used in this section: "New dwelling" means a...

§ 55.1-358. Effect of certain transfer fee covenants - A. As used in this section, unless the context requires...

§ 55.1-359. Covenant of "right to convey." - A covenant by the grantor in a deed for land...

§ 55.1-360. Covenant for "quiet possession" and "free from all encumbrances." - A covenant by any such grantor "that the grantee shall...

§ 55.1-361. Covenant for "further assurances." - A covenant by any such grantor "that he will execute...

§ 55.1-362. Covenant of "no act to encumber." - A covenant by any such grantor "that he has done...

§ 55.1-363. Effect of certain words of release in a deed - Whenever any deed uses the words: "The said grantor (or...

Chapter 4 - Fraudulent and Voluntary Conveyances; Writings Necessary to Be Recorded

§ 55.1-400. Void fraudulent acts; bona fide purchasers not affected - Every (i) gift, conveyance, assignment, or transfer of, or charge...

§ 55.1-401. Voluntary gifts, conveyances, assignments, transfers, or charges; void as to prior creditors - Every gift, conveyance, assignment, transfer, or charge that is not...

§ 55.1-402. Creditor's action to avoid such gifts, conveyances, assignments, transfers, or charges - Before obtaining a judgment for his claim, a creditor may,...

§ 55.1-403. Creditor's action; attorney fees - In any action brought by a creditor pursuant to §...

§ 55.1-404. Authority of court to set aside - The court may set aside a fraudulent conveyance or voluntary...

§ 55.1-405. Loans and reservations of a use or property to be recorded - When any loan of personal property is pretended to have...

§ 55.1-406. Certain recorded contracts as valid as deeds - Any such contract or bill of sale as is mentioned...

§ 55.1-407. Contracts, etc., void as to creditors and purchasers until recorded; priority of credit line deed of trust - A. 1. Every (i) contract in writing; (ii) deed conveying...

§ 55.1-408. Where to be recorded - Notwithstanding that any writing is recorded in one county or...

§ 55.1-409. Recordation of instruments affecting civil aircraft of United States - No instrument that affects the title to or interest in...

§ 55.1-410. Priority of writings when admitted to record same day - Unless otherwise provided for in this chapter, when two or...

§ 55.1-411. When writings to be recorded in county, and when in city - The provisions of this and any other chapter of the...

§ 55.1-412. Words "creditors" and "purchasers," how construed - The words "creditors" and "purchasers," when used in any previous...

§ 55.1-413. Lien of subsequent purchaser for purchase money paid before notice - As against any person claiming under the deed or other...

§ 55.1-414. When purchaser not affected by record of deed or contract - A purchaser shall not, under this chapter, be affected by...

Chapter 5 - Commutation and Valuation of Certain Estates and Interests

§ 55.1-500. Annuity table - When a party as tenant for life is entitled to...

§ 55.1-501. Rule of calculation under § 55.1-500 - A. Calculate the interest at eight percent upon the sum...

§ 55.1-502. Table of uniform seniority - When any two parties, as joint tenants for life, are...

§ 55.1-503. Rules of calculation under § 55.1-502 - A. Calculate the interest at eight percent upon the sum...

§ 55.1-504. Makehamized mortality table - When more than two parties as joint tenants for life,...

§ 55.1-505. Commutation in case of persons under disability - In any case in which, under the laws of the...

§ 55.1-506. Commutation of certain life estates - Whenever a party as tenant for life, or in any...

Chapter 6 - Recordation of Documents

§ 55.1-600. When and where writings recorded - Except when it is otherwise provided, the circuit court of...

§ 55.1-601. Recording and indexing of certain documents showing changes of names - A duly authenticated copy of a marriage license with the...

§ 55.1-602. Presumption that recorded writings are in proper form - A writing that is not properly notarized in accordance with...

§ 55.1-603. Deed of real estate investment trust - Every deed that is to be recorded conveying property to...

§ 55.1-604. When clerk may refuse document to be recorded - A clerk may refuse any document for recording in which...

§ 55.1-605. Power of attorney; where recorded - A power of attorney may be recorded in any county...

§ 55.1-606. Standards for writings to be docketed or recorded - Except as provided in Article 4.1 (§ 17.1-258.2 et seq.)...

§ 55.1-607. When original of writing once recorded is lost, how copy recorded elsewhere - If it is proper for any writing that has been...

§ 55.1-608. Certifications of recordation upon copies of certain instruments and subsequent recordation in other county or city - Whenever a mortgage or deed of trust instrument upon real...

§ 55.1-609. Correcting errors in deeds, deeds of trust, and mortgages; affidavit - A. As used in this section, unless the context requires...

§ 55.1-610. Recordation of copy of lost deed previously recorded in what is now West Virginia - In any case when any deed was duly recorded before...

§ 55.1-611. Repealed - Repealed by Acts 2019, c. 326, cl. 1 and c....

§ 55.1-612. Acknowledgment within the United States or its dependencies - A circuit court of any county or city, or the...

§ 55.1-613. Acknowledgments outside of the United States and its dependencies - A circuit court of any county or city, or the...

§ 55.1-614. Acknowledgments by persons subject to Uniform Code of Military Justice; validation of certain acknowledgments - A circuit court of any county or city, or the...

§ 55.1-615. Acknowledgments taken before commissioned officers in military service - A circuit court of any county or city, or clerk...

§ 55.1-616. "Notarial acts" defined; who may perform notarial acts outside the Commonwealth for use in the Commonwealth - A. For the purposes of this article, "notarial acts" means...

§ 55.1-617. Proof of authority of person performing notarial act - A. If the notarial act is performed by any of...

§ 55.1-618. What person taking acknowledgment shall certify - The person taking an acknowledgment shall certify that: 1. The...

§ 55.1-619. When form of certificate of acknowledgment accepted - The form of a certificate of acknowledgment used by a...

§ 55.1-620. Meaning of "acknowledged before me." - For the purposes of this article, "acknowledged before me" means:...

§ 55.1-621. Statutory short forms of acknowledgment - The forms of acknowledgment set forth in this section may...

§ 55.1-622. Application of article; article cumulative - A notarial act performed prior to June 26, 1970, is...

§ 55.1-623. Uniform interpretation - This article shall be so interpreted as to make uniform...

§ 55.1-624. Deeds of corporations; how to be executed and acknowledged - All deeds made by corporations shall be signed in the...

§ 55.1-625. Acknowledgments on behalf of corporations and others - When any writing purports to have been signed on behalf...

§ 55.1-626. Corporate acknowledgment taken before officer or stockholder - Any notary or other officer duly authorized to take acknowledgments...

§ 55.1-627. Acts of notaries public, etc., who have held certain other offices - All certificates of acknowledgment to deeds and other writings, taken...

§ 55.1-628. Validation of acknowledgments when seal not affixed - When a certificate of acknowledgment was made prior to July...

§ 55.1-629. Acknowledgment taken by trustee in deed of trust - All certificates of acknowledgment to deeds of trust made and...

§ 55.1-630. Acknowledgment taken by trustee in deed of trust; later date - Any certificate of acknowledgment of any deed of trust, taken...

§ 55.1-631. Certain acknowledgments taken and certified before July 1, 1995 - All certificates of acknowledgments to deeds and other writings taken...

§ 55.1-632. Acknowledgments taken by certain justices of the peace, mayors, etc. - All certificates of acknowledgment to deeds and other writings taken...

§ 55.1-633. Acknowledgments taken by officers after expiration of terms - All certificates of acknowledgment to deeds and other writings taken...

§ 55.1-634. Acknowledgments taken by notaries in service during World War I - All certificates of acknowledgment to deeds and other writings taken...

§ 55.1-635. Acknowledgments before foreign officials who failed to affix seals - All certificates of acknowledgment to deeds and other writings made...

§ 55.1-636. Acknowledgments taken by notaries in foreign countries - All certificates of acknowledgment to deeds and other writings taken...

§ 55.1-637. Acknowledgments taken by officer who was spouse of grantee - Any certificate of acknowledgment to a deed or other writings...

§ 55.1-638. Acknowledgment when notary certifies erroneously as to expiration of commission - All certificates of acknowledgment to deeds and other writings taken...

§ 55.1-639. Acknowledgments before officer of city or county consolidating, etc., prior to expiration date of commission - All certificates of acknowledgment to deeds and other writings taken...

§ 55.1-640. Acknowledgments taken before notary whose commission has expired - All certificates of acknowledgment to deeds and other writings taken...

§ 55.1-641. Acknowledgments taken before notary whose commission has expired; later date; intervening vested rights saved - All certificates of acknowledgment to deeds and other writings taken...

§ 55.1-642. Acknowledgments taken before notary who was appointed but failed to qualify; vested rights saved - All certificates of acknowledgment to deeds and other writings taken...

§ 55.1-643. Acknowledgments taken before a notary at large who failed to cite the jurisdiction in which the acknowledgment was taken; vested rights saved - All certificates of acknowledgment to deeds and other writings taken...

§ 55.1-644. Deeds defectively executed by corporation - Any deed of conveyance of real estate executed in the...

§ 55.1-645. Deeds to which corporate seal not affixed or not attested - Any deed of conveyance of real estate executed within or...

§ 55.1-646. Acknowledgments of corporations taken by officers or stockholders - No acknowledgment heretofore taken to any deed or any writing...

§ 55.1-647. Recordation certificate not signed by clerk - A. All deeds, orders of probate, fiduciary accounts, and all...

§ 55.1-648. Recordation certificate not signed by clerk; when clerk has died - Any deed or other instrument or writing recorded before July...

§ 55.1-649. Recordation of judgments affecting title to land - The clerk of the court of any county or city...

§ 55.1-650. Judgments of United States courts affecting realty - A copy of any judgment or order of any United...

§ 55.1-651. Orders in bankruptcy - Certified copies of orders of adjudication of bankruptcy made pursuant...

§ 55.1-652. Certificates of commencement of case in bankruptcy - Certificates of commencement of case signed by clerks of bankruptcy...

§ 55.1-653. Where notices and certificates affecting liens to be filed - A. Notices of liens, certificates, and other notices affecting federal...

§ 55.1-654. Certification of notices and certificates - Certification of notices of tax liens, certificates, or other notices...

§ 55.1-655. Duties of filing officers - A. If a notice of federal lien, a refiling of...

§ 55.1-656. Fees of filing officers other than clerk of State Corporation Commission - The fee to be paid to any officer other than...

§ 55.1-657. Fees of clerk of State Corporation Commission - Notwithstanding any other provisions of this article, the fees for...

§ 55.1-658. Construction of article - This article shall be so interpreted and construed as to...

§ 55.1-659. Certificates and notices affecting liens filed on or before July 1, 1970 - If a notice of lien was filed on or before...

§ 55.1-660. No action to be brought against the State Corporation Commission or its staff - No action shall be brought against the State Corporation Commission...

§ 55.1-661. Definitions - As used in this article, unless the context requires a...

§ 55.1-662. Validity of electronically filed and recorded land records - A. If a law requires, as a condition for recording,...

§ 55.1-663. Recording of electronic documents among the land records - A. A clerk of a circuit court who implements an...

§ 55.1-664. Uniform standards - In consultation with the circuit court clerks, the Executive Secretary...

§ 55.1-665. Uniformity of application and construction - In applying and construing this article, consideration shall be given...

§ 55.1-666. Relation to Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act - To the extent allowed by law, this article modifies, limits,...

Chapter 7 - Virginia Residential Property Disclosure Act

§ 55.1-700. Definitions - As used in this chapter, unless the context requires a...

§ 55.1-701. Applicability - The provisions of this chapter apply only with respect to...

§ 55.1-702. Exemptions - A. The following are specifically excluded from the provisions of...

§ 55.1-703. Required disclosures for buyer to beware; buyer to exercise necessary due diligence - A. The owner of the residential real property shall furnish...

§ 55.1-704. Required disclosures pertaining to a military air installation - The owner of residential real property located in any locality...

§ 55.1-705. Repealed - Repealed by Acts 2020, c. 200, cl. 2.

§ 55.1-706. Required disclosures; pending building or zoning violations - Notwithstanding the exemptions in § 55.1-702, if the owner of...

§ 55.1-706.1. Required disclosures; lis pendens - Notwithstanding the exemptions in § 55.1-702, if the owner of...

§ 55.1-707. Permissive disclosure; tourism activity zone - An owner of residential property located partially or wholly within...

§ 55.1-708. Required disclosures; property previously used to manufacture methamphetamine - Notwithstanding the exemptions in § 55.1-702, if the owner of...

§ 55.1-708.1. Required disclosures; stormwater management facilities - An owner of residential real property who has actual knowledge...

§ 55.1-708.2. Required disclosures pertaining to repetitive loss - The owner of residential real property located in the Commonwealth...

§ 55.1-709. Time for disclosure; termination of contract - A. The owner of residential real property subject to this...

§ 55.1-710. Owner liability - A. Except with respect to the disclosures required by §...

§ 55.1-711. Change in circumstances - If information disclosed in accordance with this chapter is subsequently...

§ 55.1-712. Duties of real estate licensees - A real estate licensee representing an owner of residential real...

§ 55.1-713. Actions under this chapter - A. Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter or any...

§ 55.1-714. Real Estate Board to develop form; when effective - An owner shall be required to make disclosures required by...

Chapter 8 - Exchange Facilitators Act

§ 55.1-800. Definitions - As used in this chapter, unless the context requires a...

§ 55.1-801. Change in control - An exchange facilitator shall notify all existing exchange clients whose...

§ 55.1-802. Separately identified accounts, or qualified escrows or qualified trusts - A. An exchange facilitator at all times shall: 1. Deposit...

§ 55.1-803. Errors and omissions insurance; cash or letters of credit - A. An exchange facilitator at all times shall: 1. Maintain...

§ 55.1-804. Accounting for moneys and property - A. Every exchange facilitator shall hold all property related to...

§ 55.1-805. Prohibited acts - A. A person who engages in the business of an...

§ 55.1-806. Penalty; attorney fees - A. In any action brought under this chapter, if a...

Chapter 9 - Real Estate Settlements

§ 55.1-900. Definitions - As used in this chapter, unless the context requires a...

§ 55.1-901. Applicability; effect of noncompliance - A. This chapter applies only to transactions involving loans that...

§ 55.1-902. Duty of lender - The lender shall, at or before loan closing, cause disbursement...

§ 55.1-903. Duty of settlement agent - The settlement agent shall cause recordation of the deed, the...

§ 55.1-904. Repealed - Repealed by Acts 2020, c. 700, cl. 2.

§ 55.1-905. Disclosure of affiliated business by settlement service providers - Any person making a referral to an affiliated settlement service...

§ 55.1-906. Disclosure of charges for appraisal or valuation using automated or other valuation mechanism - Any lender providing a loan secured by a first deed...

§ 55.1-907. Penalty - Any persons suffering losses due to the failure of the...

Chapter 10 - Real Estate Settlement Agents

§ 55.1-1000. Definitions - As used in this chapter, unless the context requires a...

§ 55.1-1001. Limitation on applicability of chapter - Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to prevent a...

§ 55.1-1002. Scope of chapter; lay real estate settlement agents - A. Except as provided in subsection B, this chapter applies...

§ 55.1-1003. Persons who may act as a settlement agent - A. A person shall not act in the capacity of...

§ 55.1-1004. Duties of settlement agents - A. A settlement agent shall exercise reasonable care and comply...

§ 55.1-1005. Persons prohibited from assisting or being employed by settlement agents - A. A person who has been convicted of a felony...

§ 55.1-1006. Choice of settlement agent - A purchaser or borrower in a transaction related to real...

§ 55.1-1007. Disclosure - All contracts involving the purchase of real estate containing not...

§ 55.1-1008. Conditions for providing escrow, closing, or settlement services and for maintaining escrow accounts - A. All funds deposited with the settlement agent in connection...

§ 55.1-1009. Falsifying settlement statements prohibited - No settlement agent shall intentionally make any materially false or...

§ 55.1-1009.1. Prohibition against payment or receipt of settlement services kickbacks, rebates, commissions, and other payments - A. No person selling real property, or performing services as...

§ 55.1-1010. Separate charge for reporting transactions limited - No settlement agent shall charge any party to a real...

§ 55.1-1011. Record retention requirements - The settlement agent shall maintain sufficient records of its affairs...

§ 55.1-1012. Regulations and orders - Except as provided in § 55.1-1014, the appropriate licensing authority...

§ 55.1-1013. Accounting by title insurance companies - A title insurance company domiciled in the Commonwealth or acting...

§ 55.1-1014. Settlement agent registration requirements and compliance with unauthorized practice of law guidelines; civil penalty - A. Every settlement agent subject to the provisions of this...

§ 55.1-1015. Penalties and liabilities - A. If the appropriate licensing authority determines that the settlement...

§ 55.1-1015.1. Civil penalties; attorney fees - A. In addition to the penalties and liabilities set forth...

§ 55.1-1016. Confidentiality of information obtained by the Commission - A. Any documents, materials, or other information in the control...

Chapter 11 - Commercial Real Estate Broker's Lien Act

§ 55.1-1100. Definitions - As used in this chapter, unless the context requires a...

§ 55.1-1101. Broker's lien - A. Any principal broker who, either himself or through the...

Chapter 12 - Virginia Residential Landlord and Tenant Act

§ 55.1-1200. Definitions - As used in this chapter, unless the context requires a...

§ 55.1-1201. Applicability of chapter; local authority - A. This chapter shall apply to all jurisdictions in the...

§ 55.1-1202. Notice - A. If the rental agreement so provides, the landlord and...

§ 55.1-1203. Application; deposit, fee, and additional information - A. Any landlord may require a refundable application deposit in...

§ 55.1-1204. Terms and conditions of rental agreement; payment of rent; copy of rental agreement for tenant - A. A landlord and tenant may include in a rental...

§ 55.1-1205. Prepaid rent; maintenance of escrow account - A landlord and a tenant may agree in a rental...

§ 55.1-1206. Landlord may obtain certain insurance for tenant - A. A landlord may require as a condition of tenancy...

§ 55.1-1207. Effect of unsigned or undelivered rental agreement - If the landlord does not sign and deliver a written...

§ 55.1-1208. Prohibited provisions in rental agreements - A. A rental agreement shall not contain provisions that the...

§ 55.1-1208.1. Rental agreements; child care - A rental agreement may contain provisions that allow the operation...

§ 55.1-1209. Confidentiality of tenant records - A. No landlord or managing agent shall release information about...

§ 55.1-1210. Landlord and tenant remedies for abuse of access - If the tenant refuses to allow lawful access, the landlord...

§ 55.1-1211. Appointment of resident agent by nonresident property owner; service of process, etc., on such agent or on Secretary of the Commonwealth - A. As used in this section, "nonresident property owner" means...

§ 55.1-1212. Energy submetering, energy allocation equipment, sewer and water submetering equipment, and ratio utility billing systems; local government fees - A. As used in this section: "Energy allocation equipment" means...

§ 55.1-1213. Transfer of deposits upon purchase - The current owner of rental property shall transfer any security...

§ 55.1-1214. Inspection of dwelling unit; report - A. The landlord shall, within five days after occupancy of...

§ 55.1-1215. Disclosure of mold in dwelling units - As part of the written report of the move-in inspection...

§ 55.1-1216. Disclosure of sale of premises - A. For the purpose of service of process and receiving...

§ 55.1-1217. Required disclosures for properties located adjacent to a military air installation; remedy for nondisclosure - A. The landlord of property in any locality in which...

§ 55.1-1218. Required disclosures for properties with defective drywall; remedy for nondisclosure - A. If the landlord of a dwelling unit has actual...

§ 55.1-1219. Required disclosures for property previously used to manufacture methamphetamine; remedy for nondisclosure - A. If the landlord of a dwelling unit has actual...

§ 55.1-1220. Landlord to maintain fit premises - A. The landlord shall: 1. Comply with the requirements of...

§ 55.1-1221. Landlord to provide locks and peepholes - The governing body of any locality may require by ordinance...

§ 55.1-1222. Access of tenant to cable, satellite, and other television facilities - No landlord of a multifamily dwelling unit shall demand or...

§ 55.1-1223. Notice to tenants for insecticide or pesticide use - A. The landlord shall give written notice to the tenant...

§ 55.1-1224. Limitation of liability - Unless otherwise agreed, a landlord who conveys premises that include...

§ 55.1-1225. Tenancy at will; effect of notice of change of terms or provisions of tenancy - A notice of any change by a landlord or tenant...

§ 55.1-1226. Security deposits - A. No landlord may demand or receive a security deposit,...

§ 55.1-1227. Tenant to maintain dwelling unit - A. In addition to the provisions of the rental agreement,...

§ 55.1-1228. Rules and regulations - A. A landlord, from time to time, may adopt rules...

§ 55.1-1229. Access; consent; correction of nonemergency conditions; relocation of tenant; security systems - A. 1. The tenant shall not unreasonably withhold consent to...

§ 55.1-1230. Access following entry of certain court orders - A. A tenant or authorized occupant who has obtained an...

§ 55.1-1231. Relocation of tenant where mold remediation needs to be performed in the dwelling unit - Where a mold condition in the dwelling unit materially affects...

§ 55.1-1232. Use and occupancy by tenant - Unless otherwise agreed, the tenant shall occupy his dwelling unit...

§ 55.1-1233. Tenant to surrender possession of dwelling unit - At the termination of the term of tenancy, whether by...

§ 55.1-1234. Noncompliance by landlord - Except as provided in this chapter, if there is a...

§ 55.1-1235. Early termination of rental agreement by military personnel - A. Any member of the Armed Forces of the United...

§ 55.1-1236. Early termination of rental agreements by victims of family abuse, sexual abuse, or criminal sexual assault - A. Any tenant who is a victim of (i) family...

§ 55.1-1237. Notice to tenant in event of foreclosure - A. The landlord of a dwelling unit used as a...

§ 55.1-1238. Failure to deliver possession - If the landlord willfully fails to deliver possession of the...

§ 55.1-1239. Wrongful failure to supply an essential service - A. If contrary to the rental agreement or provisions of...

§ 55.1-1240. Fire or casualty damage - If the dwelling unit or premises is damaged or destroyed...

§ 55.1-1241. Landlord's noncompliance as defense to action for possession for nonpayment of rent - A. In an action for possession based upon nonpayment of...

§ 55.1-1242. Rent escrow required for continuance of tenant's case - A. Where a landlord has filed an unlawful detainer action...

§ 55.1-1243. Repealed - Repealed by Acts 2021, Sp. Sess. I, cc. 403 and...

§ 55.1-1243.1. Tenant's remedies for exclusion from dwelling unit, interruption of services, or actions taken to make premises unsafe - A. A general district court shall enter an order pursuant...

§ 55.1-1244. Tenant's assertion; rent escrow - A. The tenant may assert that there exists upon the...

§ 55.1-1244.1. Tenant's remedy by repair - A. For purposes of this section, "actual costs" means (i)...

§ 55.1-1245. (Effective until the later of July 1, 2028 or seven years after the COVID-19 pandemic state of emergency expires) Noncompliance with rental agreement; monetary penalty - A. Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, if there...

§ 55.1-1245. (Effective the later of July 1, 2028, or 7 years after the COVID-19 pandemic state of emergency expires) Noncompliance with rental agreement; monetary penalty - A. Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, if there...

§ 55.1-1246. Barring guest or invitee of a tenant - A. A guest or invitee of a tenant may be...

§ 55.1-1247. Sheriffs authorized to serve certain notices; fee for service - The sheriff of any county or city, upon request, may...

§ 55.1-1248. Remedy by repair, etc.; emergencies - If there is a violation by the tenant of §...

§ 55.1-1249. Remedies for absence, nonuse, and abandonment - If the rental agreement requires the tenant to give notice...

§ 55.1-1250. Landlord's acceptance of rent with reservation; tenant's right of redemption - A. No landlord may accept full payment of rent, as...

§ 55.1-1251. Remedy after termination - If the rental agreement is terminated, the landlord may have...

§ 55.1-1252. Recovery of possession limited - A landlord may not recover or take possession of the...

§ 55.1-1253. Periodic tenancy; holdover remedies - A. The landlord or the tenant may terminate a week-to-week...

§ 55.1-1254. Disposal of property abandoned by tenants - If any items of personal property are left in the...

§ 55.1-1255. Authority of sheriffs to store and sell personal property removed from residential premises; recovery of possession by owner; disposition or sale - Notwithstanding the provisions of § 8.01-156, when personal property is...

§ 55.1-1256. Disposal of property of deceased tenants - A. If a tenant who is the sole tenant under...

§ 55.1-1257. Who may recover rent or possession - Notwithstanding any rule of court to the contrary, (i) any...

§ 55.1-1258. Retaliatory conduct prohibited - A. Except as provided in this section or as otherwise...

§ 55.1-1259. Actions to enforce chapter - In addition to any other remedies in this chapter, any...

§ 55.1-1260. (Expires July 1, 2024) Establishment of Eviction Diversion Pilot Program; purpose; goals - A. There is hereby established the Eviction Diversion Pilot Program...

§ 55.1-1261. (Expires July 1, 2024) Eviction Diversion Pilot Program; administration - Administrative oversight of the implementation of the Program and training...

§ 55.1-1262. (Expires July 1, 2024) Eviction Diversion Pilot Program; process; court-ordered payment plan - A. A tenant in an unlawful detainer case shall be...

Chapter 13 - Manufactured Home Lot Rental Act

§ 55.1-1300. Definitions - As used in this chapter, unless the context requires a...

§ 55.1-1301. Written rental agreement required - A. Before the tenancy begins, all parties shall sign and...

§ 55.1-1302. Term of rental agreement; renewal; security deposits - A. A landlord shall offer all current and prospective year-round...

§ 55.1-1303. Landlord's obligations - The landlord shall: 1. Comply with applicable laws governing health,...

§ 55.1-1304. Tenant's obligations - In addition to the provisions of the rental agreement, the...

§ 55.1-1305. Rent; liability of secured party taking possession of an abandoned manufactured home - A. A secured party shall have no liability for rent...

§ 55.1-1306. Demands and charges prohibited; access by tenant's guest or invitee; purchases by manufactured home owner not restricted; exception; conditions of occupancy - A. A landlord shall not demand or collect: 1. An...

§ 55.1-1307. Charge for utility service - Notwithstanding the provisions of § 56-245.3, a landlord who purchases...

§ 55.1-1308. Termination of tenancy - A. Either party may terminate a rental agreement with a...

§ 55.1-1308.1. Sale of manufactured home park to developer; relocation expenses - If the termination of a rental agreement is due to...

§ 55.1-1308.2. Notice of intent to sell - A. A manufactured home park owner who offers or lists...

§ 55.1-1309. Waiver of landlord's right to terminate - Unless the landlord accepts the rent with reservation, and gives...

§ 55.1-1310. Sale or lease of manufactured home by manufactured home owner - A. For purposes of this section: "Military status" means status...

§ 55.1-1311. Other provisions of law applicable - Section 55.1-1202, subsection A of § 55.1-1204, §§ 55.1-1207, 55.1-1208,...

§ 55.1-1312. Authority of local governments over manufactured home parks - The governing body of any locality may adopt ordinances to...

§ 55.1-1313. Notice of uncorrected violations - If a landlord does not remedy a violation of an...

§ 55.1-1314. Retaliatory conduct prohibited - A. Except as provided in this section, or as otherwise...

§ 55.1-1315. Eviction of tenant - A landlord may evict a tenant only for: 1. Nonpayment...

§ 55.1-1316. Right to sell or rent manufactured home upon eviction - A. A tenant who has been evicted from a manufactured...

§ 55.1-1317. Transfer of deposits upon purchase - The manufactured home park owner shall transfer any security deposits...

§ 55.1-1318. Penalties for violation of chapter - If the landlord acts in willful violation of § 55.1-1303,...

§ 55.1-1319. Injunctive relief - The attorney for any locality may file an action for...

Chapter 14 - Nonresidential Tenancies

§ 55.1-1400. Applicability; right to terminate tenant - A. As used in this chapter, unless the context requires...

§ 55.1-1401. Appointment of resident agent by nonresident property owner; service of process, etc., on such agent or on Secretary of the Commonwealth - A. As used in this section, "nonresident property owner" means...

§ 55.1-1402. Apportionment on purchase of part of land by holder of rent - When the holder of a rent purchases part of the...

§ 55.1-1403. Perfection of lien or interest in leases, rents, and profits - The recordation pursuant to § 55.1-600, in the county or...

§ 55.1-1404. Energy submetering, energy allocation equipment, sewer and water submetering equipment, ratio utility billings systems; local government fees - A. As used in this section: "Building" means all of...

§ 55.1-1405. Transfer of deposits upon purchase - The current owner of nonresidential rental property shall transfer any...

§ 55.1-1406. Grantees and assignees have same rights against lessees as lessors - A grantee or assignee of any land leased, or of...

§ 55.1-1407. Lessees have same rights against grantees as against lessors - A lessee, his personal representative, or his assigns may have...

§ 55.1-1408. What powers to pass to grantee or devisee; when attornment unnecessary - In conveyances or devises of rents in fee, with powers...

§ 55.1-1409. When attornment void - The attornment of a tenant to any stranger is void,...

§ 55.1-1410. Notice to terminate a tenancy in nonresidential rental property; notice of change in use of multifamily residential building - A. A year-to-year tenancy in a nonresidential rental property may...

§ 55.1-1411. Nonresidential buildings destroyed or lessee deprived of possession; covenant to pay rent or repair; reduction of rent - No covenant or promise by a lessee of nonresidential property...

§ 55.1-1412. Security systems for nonresidential rental property - No landlord of a premises used for nonresidential purposes shall...

§ 55.1-1413. Effect of failure of tenant in nonresidential rental property to vacate premises at expiration of term - A tenant from year-to-year, month-to-month, or other definite term in...

§ 55.1-1414. Abandonment of nonresidential rental property - If any tenant from whom rent is owing and unpaid...

§ 55.1-1415. Failure to pay certain rents after five days' notice forfeits right of possession - If any tenant or lessee of nonresidential rental property who...

§ 55.1-1416. Authority of sheriffs to store and sell personal property removed from nonresidential premises; recovery of possession by owner; disposition or sale - Notwithstanding the provisions of § 8.01-156, when personal property is...

§ 55.1-1417. Who may recover rent or possession - Notwithstanding any rule of court to the contrary, (i) any...

§ 55.1-1418. Remedy when rent is to be paid in other thing than money - When goods are distrained or attached for rent reserved in...

§ 55.1-1419. Proceedings to establish right of reentry; judgment - Any person who has a right of reentry into lands...

§ 55.1-1420. When defendant barred of relief - Should the defendant to a proceeding filed pursuant to §...

§ 55.1-1421. How trustee or mortgagee relieved from the forfeiture - Any mortgagee or trustee of lands subject to a proceeding...

§ 55.1-1422. How owner relieved in court - If the owner of lands subject to a proceeding filed...

§ 55.1-1423. How judgment of forfeiture prevented - If any party having right or claim to lands subject...

§ 55.1-1424. When action for reentry brought - Proceedings for ejectment shall not be initiated until the time...

§ 55.1-1425. Written act of reentry to be returned and recorded and certificate of reentry published - When actual reentry is made, the party by or for...

§ 55.1-1426. Fee of clerk - The clerk shall be paid for recording, granting certificate, and...

§ 55.1-1427. How person entitled to lands may be restored to his possession - If the person entitled to lands subject to a proceeding...

§ 55.1-1428. Limitation of action against person in possession by reentry - No person who, or who with his predecessor in title...

Chapter 15 - Residential Ground Rent Act

§ 55.1-1500. Definitions - As used in this chapter: "Land" is a three-dimensional concept...

§ 55.1-1501. Form of instrument - Any agreement in which a residential ground rent is created...

§ 55.1-1502. Changes in amount of rent - The amount of a residential ground rent may be changed...

§ 55.1-1503. Encumbrance on real property - A residential ground rent shall constitute a lien against the...

§ 55.1-1504. Redemption rights - The obligor shall have the right to redeem a residential...

§ 55.1-1505. Incorporation of agreement into deed - A ground rent agreement made pursuant to the provisions of...

Chapter 16 - Leases

§ 55.1-1600. Form of a lease - A lease may be made in a form substantially similar...

§ 55.1-1601. Memoranda of leases and options - A. In lieu of the recording of a lease, a...

§ 55.1-1602. Certain covenants of lessee "to pay the rent" and "to pay the taxes." - In a lease, (i) a covenant by the lessee "to...

§ 55.1-1603. Certain covenants of lessee that "he will not assign without leave" and that "he will leave the premises in good repair." - In a lease, (i) a covenant by the lessee that...

§ 55.1-1604. Covenant of lessor "for lessee's quiet enjoyment." - A covenant by a lessor "for the lessee's quiet enjoyment...

§ 55.1-1605. Effect of provision for reentry by lessor - If a lease provides that "the lessor may reenter for...

Chapter 17 - Emblements

§ 55.1-1700. Law of emblements - In all cases, the right to emblements shall be as...

§ 55.1-1701. What rent tenant entitled to emblements to pay - The tenant who is entitled to emblements, or his personal...

§ 55.1-1702. Compensation to outgoing tenant for preparation of land for crop - In the case of an outgoing tenant, those who succeed...

§ 55.1-1703. Lessee of life tenant may hold land through end of year on death of tenant; apportionment of rent - If there is a tenant for life or other uncertain...

Chapter 18 - Property Owners' Association Act

§ 55.1-1800. Definitions - As used in this chapter, unless the context requires a...

§ 55.1-1801. Applicability - A. This chapter applies to developments subject to a declaration...

§ 55.1-1802. Developer to register and file annual report; payment of real estate taxes attributable to the common area - A. Unless control of the association has been transferred to...

§ 55.1-1803. Limitation on certain contracts and leases by declarant - A. If entered into any time prior to the expiration...

§ 55.1-1804. Documents to be provided by declarant upon transfer of control - Unless previously provided to the board of directors of the...

§ 55.1-1805. Association charges - Except as expressly authorized in this chapter, in the declaration,...

§ 55.1-1806. Rental of lots - A. Except as expressly authorized in this chapter, in the...

§ 55.1-1807. Statement of lot owner rights - Every lot owner who is a member in good standing...

§ 55.1-1808. Contract disclosure statement; right of cancellation - A. For purposes of this article, unless the context requires...

§ 55.1-1809. Contents of association disclosure packet; delivery of packet - A. Within 14 days after receipt of a written request...

§ 55.1-1810. Fees for disclosure packet; professionally managed associations - A. A professionally managed association or its common interest community...

§ 55.1-1811. Fees for disclosure packet; associations not professionally managed - A. An association that is not professionally managed may charge...

§ 55.1-1812. Properties subject to more than one declaration - If the lot is subject to more than one declaration,...

§ 55.1-1813. Requests by settlement agents - A. The settlement agent may request a financial update from...

§ 55.1-1814. Exceptions to disclosure requirements - A. The contract disclosures required by § 55.1-1808 and the...

§ 55.1-1815. Access to association records; association meetings; notice - A. The association shall keep detailed records of receipts and...

§ 55.1-1816. Meetings of the board of directors - A. All meetings of the board of directors, including any...

§ 55.1-1817. Distribution of information by members - The board of directors shall establish a reasonable, effective, and...

§ 55.1-1818. Common areas; notice of pesticide application - The association shall post notice of all pesticide applications in...

§ 55.1-1819. Adoption and enforcement of rules - A. Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, the board...

§ 55.1-1819.1. Limitation of smoking in development - Except to the extent that the declaration provides otherwise, the...

§ 55.1-1820. Display of the flag of the United States; necessary supporting structures; affirmative defense - A. In accordance with the federal Freedom to Display the...

§ 55.1-1820.1. Installation of solar energy collection devices - A. As used in this section, "solar energy collection device"...

§ 55.1-1821. Home-based businesses permitted; compliance with local ordinances - A. Except to the extent that the declaration provides otherwise,...

§ 55.1-1822. Use of for sale signs in connection with sale - Except as expressly authorized in this chapter or in the...

§ 55.1-1823. Designation of authorized representative - Except as expressly authorized in this chapter or in the...

§ 55.1-1823.1. Electric vehicle charging stations permitted - A. Except to the extent that the declaration or other...

§ 55.1-1824. Assessments; late fees - Except to the extent that the declaration or any rules...

§ 55.1-1825. Authority to levy special assessments - A. In addition to all other assessments that are authorized...

§ 55.1-1826. Annual budget; reserves for capital components - A. Except to the extent provided in the declaration, the...

§ 55.1-1827. Deposit of funds; fidelity bond - A. All funds deposited with a managing agent shall be...

§ 55.1-1828. Compliance with declaration - A. Every lot owner, and all those entitled to occupy...

§ 55.1-1829. Amendment to declaration and bylaws; consent of mortgagee - A. In the event that any provision in the declaration...

§ 55.1-1830. Validity of declaration; corrective amendments - A. All provisions of a declaration shall be deemed severable,...

§ 55.1-1831. Reformation of declaration; judicial procedure - A. An association may petition the circuit court in the...

§ 55.1-1832. Use of technology - A. Unless expressly prohibited by the declaration, (i) any notice...

§ 55.1-1833. Lien for assessments - A. The association shall have a lien, once perfected, on...

§ 55.1-1834. Notice of sale under deed of trust - In accordance with the provisions of § 15.2-979, the association...

§ 55.1-1835. Annual report by association - The association shall file an annual report in a form...

§ 55.1-1836. Condemnation of common area; procedure - When any portion of the common area is taken or...

Chapter 19 - Virginia Condominium Act

§ 55.1-1900. Definitions - As used in this chapter, unless the context requires a...

§ 55.1-1901. Application and construction of chapter - A. This chapter applies to all condominiums and to all...

§ 55.1-1902. Variation by agreement - Except as expressly provided in this chapter, provisions of this...

§ 55.1-1903. Separate assessments, titles, and taxation - Except as otherwise provided in this section, each condominium unit...

§ 55.1-1904. Association charges - Except as expressly authorized in this chapter, in the condominium...

§ 55.1-1905. Local ordinances; nonconforming conversion condominiums; applicability of Uniform Statewide Building Code; other regulations - A. No zoning or other land use ordinance shall prohibit...

§ 55.1-1906. Eminent domain - A. If any portion of the common elements is taken...

§ 55.1-1907. How condominium may be created - No condominium shall come into existence except by the recordation...

§ 55.1-1908. Release of liens - A. At the time of the conveyance to the first...

§ 55.1-1909. Description of condominium units - After the creation of the condominium, no description of a...

§ 55.1-1910. Execution of condominium instruments - The declaration and bylaws, and any amendments to either made...

§ 55.1-1911. Recordation of condominium instruments - All condominium instruments and all amendments and certifications of such...

§ 55.1-1912. Construction of condominium instruments - Except to the extent otherwise provided by the condominium instruments:...

§ 55.1-1913. Complementarity of condominium instruments; controlling construction - The condominium instruments shall be construed together and shall be...

§ 55.1-1914. Validity of condominium instruments; discrimination prohibited - A. All provisions of the condominium instruments shall be deemed...

§ 55.1-1915. Compliance with condominium instruments - A. The declarant, every unit owner, and all those entitled...

§ 55.1-1916. Contents of declaration - A. The declaration for every condominium shall contain the following:...

§ 55.1-1917. Allocation of interests in the common elements - A. The declaration may allocate to each unit depicted on...

§ 55.1-1918. Reallocation of interests in common elements - A. If a condominium contains any convertible land or is...

§ 55.1-1919. Assignments of limited common elements; conversion to common element - A. All assignments and reassignments of limited common elements shall...

§ 55.1-1920. Contents of plats and plans - A. There shall be recorded simultaneously with the declaration one...

§ 55.1-1921. Bond to insure completion of improvements - A. The declarant shall file with the Common Interest Community...

§ 55.1-1922. Preliminary recordation of plats and plans - Plats and plans previously recorded pursuant to subsections A, B,...

§ 55.1-1923. Easement for encroachments - To the extent that any unit or common element encroaches...

§ 55.1-1924. Conversion of convertible lands - A. The declarant may convert all or any portion of...

§ 55.1-1925. Conversion of convertible spaces - A. The declarant may convert all or any portion of...

§ 55.1-1926. Expansion of condominium - No condominium shall be expanded except in accordance with the...

§ 55.1-1927. Contraction of condominium - No condominium shall be contracted except in accordance with the...

§ 55.1-1928. Easement to facilitate conversion and expansion - Subject to any restrictions and limitations the condominium instruments may...

§ 55.1-1929. Easement to facilitate sales - The declarant and his duly authorized agents, representatives, and employees...

§ 55.1-1930. Declarant's obligation to complete and restore - A. No covenants, restrictions, limitations, or other representations or commitments...

§ 55.1-1931. Alterations within units - A. Except to the extent prohibited, restricted, or limited by...

§ 55.1-1932. Relocation of boundaries between units - A. If the condominium instruments expressly permit the relocation of...

§ 55.1-1933. Subdivision of units - A. If the condominium instruments expressly permit the subdivision of...

§ 55.1-1934. Amendment of condominium instruments - A. If there is no unit owner other than the...

§ 55.1-1935. Use of technology - A. Unless expressly prohibited by the condominium instruments, (i) any...

§ 55.1-1936. Merger or consolidation of condominiums; procedure - A. Any two or more condominiums, by agreement of the...

§ 55.1-1937. Termination of condominium - A. If there is no unit owner other than the...

§ 55.1-1938. Rights of mortgagees - No provision of this chapter shall be construed in derogation...

§ 55.1-1939. Statement of unit owner rights - Every unit owner who is a member in good standing...

§ 55.1-1940. Bylaws to be recorded with declaration; contents; unit owners' association; executive board; amendment of bylaws - A. Bylaws providing for governance of the condominium by an...

§ 55.1-1941. Amendment to condominium instruments; consent of mortgagee - A. If any provision in the condominium instruments requires the...

§ 55.1-1942. Reformation of declaration; judicial procedure - A. A unit owners' association may petition the circuit court...

§ 55.1-1943. Control of condominium by declarant - A. The condominium instruments may authorize the declarant, or a...

§ 55.1-1944. Deposit of funds - All funds deposited with a managing agent shall be handled...

§ 55.1-1945. Books, minutes, and records; inspection - A. The declarant, managing agent, unit owners' association, or person...

§ 55.1-1946. Management office - Unless the condominium instruments expressly provide otherwise, the unit owners'...

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Code of Virginia Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances

Code of Virginia
Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances