RCW 42.17A.335
Political advertising or electioneering communication—Libel or defamation per se.
(1) It is a violation of this chapter for a person to sponsor with actual malice a statement constituting libel or defamation per se under the following circumstances:
(a) Political advertising or an electioneering communication that contains a false statement of material fact about a candidate for public office;
(b) Political advertising or an electioneering communication that falsely represents that a candidate is the incumbent for the office sought when in fact the candidate is not the incumbent;
(c) Political advertising or an electioneering communication that makes either directly or indirectly, a false claim stating or implying the support or endorsement of any person or organization when in fact the candidate does not have such support or endorsement.
(2) For the purposes of this section, "libel or defamation per se" means statements that tend (a) to expose a living person to hatred, contempt, ridicule, or obloquy, or to deprive him or her of the benefit of public confidence or social intercourse, or to injure him or her in his or her business or occupation, or (b) to injure any person, corporation, or association in his, her, or its business or occupation.
(3) It is not a violation of this section for a candidate or his or her agent to make statements described in subsection (1)(a) or (b) of this section about the candidate himself or herself because a person cannot defame himself or herself. It is not a violation of this section for a person or organization referenced in subsection (1)(c) of this section to make a statement about that person or organization because such persons and organizations cannot defame themselves.
(4) Any violation of this section shall be proven by clear and convincing evidence. If a violation is proven, damages are presumed and do not need to be proven.
[ 2009 c 222 § 2; 2005 c 445 § 10; 1999 c 304 § 2; 1988 c 199 § 2; 1984 c 216 § 3. Formerly RCW 42.17.530.]
NOTES:
Intent—Findings—2009 c 222: "(1) The concurring opinion of the Washington state supreme court in Rickert v. State, Public Disclosure Commission, 161 Wn.2d 843, 168 P. 3d 826 (2007) found the statute that prohibits persons from sponsoring, with actual malice, political advertising and electioneering communications about a candidate containing false statements of material fact to be invalid under the First Amendment to the United States Constitution because it posed no requirement that the prohibited statements be defamatory.
(2) It is the intent of the legislature to amend *chapter 42.17 RCW to find that a violation of state law occurs if a person sponsors false statements about candidates in political advertising and electioneering communications when the statements are made with actual malice and are defamatory.
(3) The legislature finds that in such circumstances damages are presumed and do not need to be established when such statements are made with actual malice in political advertising and electioneering communications and constitute libel or defamation per se. The legislature finds that incumbents, challengers, voters, and the political process will benefit from vigorous political debate that is not made with actual malice and is not defamatory.
(4) The legislature finds that when such defamatory statements contain a false statement of material fact about a candidate for public office they expose the candidate to contempt, ridicule, or reproach and can deprive the candidate of the benefit of public confidence, or prejudice him or her in his or her profession, trade, or vocation. The legislature finds that when such statements falsely represent that a candidate is the incumbent for the office sought when in fact the candidate is not the incumbent they deprive the actual incumbent and the candidates of the benefit of public confidence and injure the actual incumbent in the ability to effectively serve as an elected official. The legislature further finds that defamatory statements made by an incumbent regarding the incumbent's challenger may deter individuals from seeking public office and harm the democratic process. Further, the legislature finds that when such statements make, either directly or indirectly, a false claim stating or implying the support or endorsement of any person or organization when in fact the candidate does not have such support or endorsement, they deprive the person or organization of the benefit of public confidence and/or will expose the person or organization to contempt, ridicule, or reproach, or injure the person or organization in their business or occupation.
(5) The legislature finds that defamatory statements, made with actual malice, damage the integrity of elections by distorting the electoral process. Democracy is premised on an informed electorate. To the extent such defamatory statements misinform the voters, they interfere with the process upon which democracy is based. Such defamatory statements also lower the quality of campaign discourse and debate, and lead or add to voter alienation by fostering voter cynicism and distrust of the political process." [ 2009 c 222 § 1.]
*Reviser's note: Provisions in chapter 42.17 RCW relating to campaign finance were recodified in chapter 42.17A RCW by 2010 c 204, effective January 1, 2012.
Finding—Intent—1999 c 304: "(1) The Washington supreme court in a case involving a ballot measure, State v. 119 Vote No! Committee, 135 Wn.2d 618 (1998), found the statute that prohibits persons from sponsoring, with actual malice, political advertising containing false statements of material fact to be invalid under the First Amendment to the United States Constitution.
(2) The legislature finds that a review of the opinions indicates that a majority of the supreme court may find valid a statute that limited such a prohibition on sponsoring with actual malice false statements of material fact in a political campaign to statements about a candidate in an election for public office.
(3) It is the intent of the legislature to amend the current law to provide protection for candidates for public office against false statements of material fact sponsored with actual malice." [ 1999 c 304 § 1.]
Structure Revised Code of Washington
Title 42 - Public Officers and Agencies
Chapter 42.17A - Campaign Disclosure and Contribution.
42.17A.001 - Declaration of policy.
42.17A.010 - Conservation district exception.
42.17A.020 - Statements and reports public records.
42.17A.055 - Electronic filing—Availability.
42.17A.060 - Access to reports—Legislative intent.
42.17A.065 - Access performance measures.
42.17A.105 - Commission—Duties.
42.17A.110 - Commission—Additional powers.
42.17A.120 - Suspension or modification of reporting requirements.
42.17A.125 - Revising monetary contribution limits, reporting thresholds, and code values.
42.17A.130 - Duties of attorney general.
42.17A.135 - Application of reporting requirements in small political subdivisions.
42.17A.140 - Date of receipt—Exceptions—Electronic filings.
42.17A.145 - Certification of reports.
42.17A.150 - Duty to preserve statements and reports.
42.17A.200 - Application of chapter—Exceptions.
42.17A.205 - Statement of organization by political committees.
42.17A.207 - Statement of organization by incidental committees.
42.17A.220 - Deposit of contributions—Investment—Unidentified contributions.
42.17A.225 - Filing and reporting by continuing political committee.
42.17A.230 - Fund-raising activities—Alternative reporting method.
42.17A.235 - Reporting of contributions and expenditures—Public inspection of accounts.
42.17A.240 - Contents of report.
42.17A.250 - Out-of-state political committees—Reports.
42.17A.255 - Special reports—Independent expenditures.
42.17A.260 - Special reports—Political advertising.
42.17A.270 - Earmarked contributions.
42.17A.300 - Findings—Intent—Rule-making authority.
42.17A.305 - Report—Information required—Time—Method—By whom—Penalty.
42.17A.310 - When a contribution.
42.17A.320 - Identification of sponsor—Exemptions.
42.17A.330 - Picture of candidate.
42.17A.335 - Political advertising or electioneering communication—Libel or defamation per se.
42.17A.340 - Responsibility for compliance.
42.17A.345 - Commercial advertisers—Public inspection of documents—Copies to commission.
42.17A.350 - Top five contributors to political advertisement.
42.17A.405 - Limits specified—Exemptions.
42.17A.417 - Foreign nationals—Contributions, expenditures, and electioneering prohibited.
42.17A.418 - Foreign nationals—Contribution certification.
42.17A.420 - Reportable contributions—Preelection limitations.
42.17A.425 - Expenditures—Authorization of and restrictions on.
42.17A.430 - Disposal of surplus funds.
42.17A.435 - Identification of contributions and communications.
42.17A.440 - Candidates' political committees—Limitations.
42.17A.442 - Contributions by political committees to political committees.
42.17A.445 - Personal use of contributions—When permitted.
42.17A.450 - Attribution and aggregation of family contributions.
42.17A.455 - Attribution of contributions by controlled entities.
42.17A.460 - Attribution of contributions generally—"Earmarking."
42.17A.465 - Restriction on loans.
42.17A.470 - Contributions on behalf of another.
42.17A.475 - Certain contributions required to be by written instrument.
42.17A.480 - Solicitation of endorsement fees.
42.17A.485 - Reimbursement for contributions.
42.17A.490 - Prohibition on use of contributions for a different office.
42.17A.495 - Limitations on employers or labor organizations.
42.17A.500 - Agency shop fees as contributions.
42.17A.550 - Use of public funds for political purposes.
42.17A.555 - Use of public office or agency facilities in campaigns—Prohibition—Exceptions.
42.17A.560 - Time limit for state official to solicit or accept contributions.
42.17A.565 - Solicitation of contributions by public officials or employees.
42.17A.575 - Public service announcements.
42.17A.600 - Registration of lobbyists.
42.17A.603 - Code of conduct—Verification—Penalty.
42.17A.605 - Photograph and information—Publication.
42.17A.610 - Exemption from registration and reporting.
42.17A.615 - Reporting by lobbyists—Rules.
42.17A.620 - Notification to person named in report.
42.17A.625 - Special reports—Lobbyists—Late contributions or large totals.
42.17A.630 - Reports by employers of registered lobbyists, other persons.
42.17A.640 - Grass roots lobbying campaigns.
42.17A.650 - Employment of unregistered persons.
42.17A.655 - Lobbyists' duties, restrictions—Penalties for violations.
42.17A.705 - "Executive state officer" defined.
42.17A.710 - Statement of financial affairs—Contents.
42.17A.715 - Concealing identity of source of payment prohibited—Exception.
42.17A.750 - Civil remedies and sanctions—Referral for criminal prosecution.
42.17A.755 - Violations—Determination by commission—Penalties—Procedure.
42.17A.765 - Enforcement—Attorney general.
42.17A.770 - Limitation on actions.
42.17A.775 - Citizen's action.
42.17A.780 - Damages, costs, and attorneys' fees—Joint and several liability.
42.17A.785 - Public disclosure transparency account.
42.17A.900 - Effective date—1973 c 1.
42.17A.904 - Construction—1973 c 1.
42.17A.905 - Chapter, section headings not part of law.
42.17A.906 - Repealer—1973 c 1.
42.17A.907 - Construction—1975-'76 2nd ex.s. c 112.
42.17A.909 - Short title—1993 c 2.
42.17A.910 - Effective date—1995 c 397.
42.17A.911 - Captions—1995 c 397.
42.17A.915 - Effective dates—2005 c 445.
42.17A.917 - Effective date—2010 c 204 §§ 505, 602, and 703.
42.17A.918 - Effective date—2010 c 204.