Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes
Chapter 17 - Officers, Directors and Shareholders
Section 1712 - Standard of care, justifiable reliance and business judgment rule

(a) General rule.--A director of a business corporation shall stand in a fiduciary relation to the corporation and shall perform the duties of a director, including duties as a member of any committee of the board upon which the director may serve, in good faith, in a manner the director reasonably believes to be in the best interests of the corporation and with such care, including the skill and diligence that a person of ordinary prudence would use under similar circumstances and reasonable inquiry into those issues required by the statutes of this Commonwealth to be considered in the circumstances and those interests and factors listed or described in section 1715(a) (relating to exercise of powers generally) or 1716(a) (relating to alternative standard) that the director considers appropriate. This subsection is subject to subsection (d) where applicable.
(a.1) Justifiable reliance.--In performing the duties of a director, and in satisfying the requirements of subsection (d), a director is entitled to rely in good faith on information, opinions, reports or statements, including financial statements and other financial data, in each case prepared or presented by any of the following:
(1) One or more officers or employees of the corporation or an affiliate of the corporation whom the director reasonably believes to be reliable and competent in the matters presented.
(2) Counsel, public accountants or other persons as to matters which the director reasonably believes to be within the professional or expert competence of such person.
(3) A committee of the board upon which the director does not serve, duly designated in accordance with law, as to matters within its designated authority, which committee the director reasonably believes to merit confidence.
(b) Effect of actual knowledge.--A director is not considered to be acting in good faith under subsection (a.1) if the director has actual knowledge concerning the matter that causes the director to believe reliance is unwarranted.
(c) Officers.--(Deleted by amendment).
(d) Business judgment rule.--A director who makes a business judgment in good faith fulfills the duties under this section if:
(1) the subject of the business judgment does not involve self-dealing by the director or an associate or affiliate of the director;
(2) the director is informed with respect to the subject of the business judgment to the extent the director reasonably believes to be appropriate under the circumstances; and
(3) the director rationally believes that the business judgment is in the best interests of the corporation.
(e) Burden of proof.--A person challenging the conduct of a director as violating the duty of care under this section has the burden of proving:
(1) a breach of the duty of care, including that a requirement for fulfillment of that duty under subsection (d) has not been met; and
(2) in a damage action, that the breach was the legal cause of damage suffered by the corporation.
(Nov. 3, 2022, P.L.1791, No.122, eff. 60 days)

Cross References. Section 1712 is referred to in sections 1553, 1715, 1716, 1717, 3321, 3323, 8943 of this title.

Structure Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes