(a) Damages for breach of contract by either party may be liquidated by agreement in an amount that is reasonable in light of:
(1) the loss anticipated at the time of contracting;
(2) the actual loss; or
(3) the actual or anticipated difficulties of proving loss in the event of breach.
(b) If a term liquidating damages is unenforceable under this subsection, the aggrieved party may pursue the remedies provided in this chapter, except as limited by other terms of the contract.
(c) If a party justifiably withholds delivery of copies because of the other party's breach of contract, the party in breach is entitled to restitution for any amount by which the sum of the payments it made for the copies exceeds the amount of the liquidated damages payable to the aggrieved party in accordance with subsection (a). The right to restitution is subject to offset to the extent that the aggrieved party establishes:
(1) a right to recover damages other than under subsection (a); and
(2) the amount or value of any benefits received by the party in breach, directly or indirectly, by reason of the contract.
(d) A term that does not liquidate damages, but that limits damages available to the aggrieved party, must be evaluated under § 59.1-508.3.
2000, cc. 101, 996.
Structure Code of Virginia
Title 59.1 - Trade and Commerce
Chapter 43 - Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act
§ 59.1-501.3. Scope; exclusions
§ 59.1-501.4:1. Consumer protection law governs
§ 59.1-501.6. Rule of construction
§ 59.1-501.7. Legal recognition of electronic record and authentication; use of electronic agents
§ 59.1-501.8. Proof and effect of authentication
§ 59.1-501.10. Contractual choice of forum
§ 59.1-501.11. Unconscionable contract or term
§ 59.1-501.12. Manifesting assent
§ 59.1-501.13:1. Opportunity to review
§ 59.1-501.14:1. Pretransaction disclosures in Internet-type transactions
§ 59.1-501.15. Variation by agreement; commercial practice
§ 59.1-501.16. Supplemental principles; good faith; commercial practice
§ 59.1-501.17. Decision for court; legal consequences; reasonable time; reason to know
§ 59.1-502.1. Formal requirements
§ 59.1-502.2. Formation in general
§ 59.1-502.3. Offer and acceptance in general
§ 59.1-502.4. Acceptance with varying terms
§ 59.1-502.5. Conditional offer or acceptance
§ 59.1-502.6. Offer and acceptance; electronic agents
§ 59.1-502.7. Formation; releases of informational rights
§ 59.1-502.8. Adopting terms of records
§ 59.1-502.9. Mass-market license
§ 59.1-502.10. Terms of contract formed by conduct
§ 59.1-502.12. Efficacy and commercial reasonableness of attribution procedure
§ 59.1-502.13. Determining attribution
§ 59.1-502.14. Electronic error; consumer defenses
§ 59.1-502.15. Electronic message; when effective; effect of acknowledgment
§ 59.1-502.16. Idea or information submission
§ 59.1-503.1. Parol or extrinsic evidence
§ 59.1-503.2. Practical construction
§ 59.1-503.3. Modification and rescission
§ 59.1-503.4. Continuing contractual terms
§ 59.1-503.5. Terms to be specified
§ 59.1-503.6. Performance under open terms
§ 59.1-503.7. Interpretation and requirements for grant
§ 59.1-503.9. Agreement for performance to party's satisfaction
§ 59.1-503.10. Licenses to nonprofit libraries, archives or educational institutions
§ 59.1-504.1. Warranty and obligations concerning noninterference and noninfringement
§ 59.1-504.2. Express warranty
§ 59.1-504.3. Implied warranty; merchantability of computer program
§ 59.1-504.4. Implied warranty; informational content
§ 59.1-504.5. Implied warranty; licensee's purpose; system integration
§ 59.1-504.6. Disclaimer or modification of warranty
§ 59.1-504.7. Modification of computer program
§ 59.1-504.8. Cumulation and conflict of warranties
§ 59.1-504.9. Third-party beneficiaries of warranty
§ 59.1-504.10. No implied warranties for free software
§ 59.1-505.1. Ownership of informational rights
§ 59.1-505.3. Transfer of contractual interest
§ 59.1-505.4. Effect of transfer of contractual interest
§ 59.1-505.5. Performance by delegate; subcontract
§ 59.1-505.6. Transfer by licensee
§ 59.1-505.7. Financing if financier does not become licensee
§ 59.1-505.8. Finance licenses
§ 59.1-505.9. Financing arrangements; obligations irrevocable
§ 59.1-505.10. Financing arrangements; remedies or enforcement
§ 59.1-505.11. Financing arrangements; effect on licensor's rights
§ 59.1-506.1. Performance of contract in general
§ 59.1-506.2. Licensor's obligations to enable use
§ 59.1-506.3. Submissions of information to satisfaction of party
§ 59.1-506.4. Immediately completed performance
§ 59.1-506.5. Electronic regulation of performance
§ 59.1-506.6. Copy; delivery; tender of delivery
§ 59.1-506.7. Copy; performance related to delivery; payment
§ 59.1-506.8. Copy; right to inspect; payment before inspection
§ 59.1-506.9. Copy; when acceptance occurs
§ 59.1-506.10. Copy; effect of acceptance; burden of establishing; notice of claims
§ 59.1-506.11. Access contracts
§ 59.1-506.12. Correction and support contracts
§ 59.1-506.13. Contracts involving publishers, dealers, and end users
§ 59.1-506.14. Risk of loss of copy
§ 59.1-506.15. Excuse by failure of presupposed conditions
§ 59.1-506.16. Termination; survival of obligations
§ 59.1-506.17. Notice of termination
§ 59.1-506.18. Termination; enforcement
§ 59.1-507.1. Breach of contract; material breach
§ 59.1-507.2. Waiver of remedy for breach of contract
§ 59.1-507.3. Cure of breach of contract
§ 59.1-507.4. Copy; refusal of defective tender
§ 59.1-507.5. Copy; contract with previous vested grant of rights
§ 59.1-507.6. Copy; duties upon rightful refusal
§ 59.1-507.7. Copy; revocation of acceptance
§ 59.1-507.8. Adequate assurance of performance
§ 59.1-507.9. Anticipatory repudiation
§ 59.1-507.10. Retraction of anticipatory repudiation
§ 59.1-508.1. Remedies in general
§ 59.1-508.3. Contractual modification of remedy
§ 59.1-508.4. Liquidation of damages
§ 59.1-508.5. Limitation of actions
§ 59.1-508.6. Remedies for fraud
§ 59.1-508.7. Measurement of damages in general
§ 59.1-508.8. Licensor's damages
§ 59.1-508.9. Licensee's damages
§ 59.1-508.11. Specific performance
§ 59.1-508.12. Completing performance
§ 59.1-508.14. Discontinuing access
§ 59.1-508.15. Right to possession and to prevent use