(a) The meetings of all public agencies, except executive sessions, as defined in subdivision (6) of section 1-200, shall be open to the public. The votes of each member of any such public agency upon any issue before such public agency shall be reduced to writing and made available for public inspection within forty-eight hours and shall also be recorded in the minutes of the session at which taken. Not later than seven days after the date of the session to which such minutes refer, such minutes shall be available for public inspection and posted on such public agency's Internet web site, if available, except that no public agency of a political subdivision of the state shall be required to post such minutes on an Internet web site. Each public agency shall make, keep and maintain a record of the proceedings of its meetings.
(b) Each such public agency of the state shall file not later than January thirty-first of each year in the office of the Secretary of the State the schedule of the regular meetings of such public agency for the ensuing year and shall post such schedule on such public agency's Internet web site, if available, and the Secretary of the State's Internet web site, except that such requirements shall not apply to the General Assembly, either house thereof or to any committee thereof. Any other provision of the Freedom of Information Act notwithstanding, the General Assembly at the commencement of each regular session in the odd-numbered years, shall adopt, as part of its joint rules, rules to provide notice to the public of its regular, special, emergency or interim committee meetings. The chairperson or secretary of any such public agency of any political subdivision of the state shall file, not later than January thirty-first of each year, with the clerk of such subdivision the schedule of regular meetings of such public agency for the ensuing year, and no such meeting of any such public agency shall be held sooner than thirty days after such schedule has been filed. The chief executive officer of any multitown district or agency shall file, not later than January thirty-first of each year, with the clerk of each municipal member of such district or agency, the schedule of regular meetings of such public agency for the ensuing year, and no such meeting of any such public agency shall be held sooner than thirty days after such schedule has been filed.
(c) The agenda of the regular meetings of every public agency, except for the General Assembly, shall be available to the public and shall be filed, not less than twenty-four hours before the meetings to which they refer, (1) in such agency's regular office or place of business, and (2) in the office of the Secretary of the State for any such public agency of the state, in the office of the clerk of such subdivision for any public agency of a political subdivision of the state or in the office of the clerk of each municipal member of any multitown district or agency. For any such public agency of the state, such agenda shall be posted on the public agency's and the Secretary of the State's Internet web sites. Upon the affirmative vote of two-thirds of the members of a public agency present and voting, any subsequent business not included in such filed agendas may be considered and acted upon at such meetings.
(d) Notice of each special meeting of every public agency, except for the General Assembly, either house thereof or any committee thereof, shall be posted not less than twenty-four hours before the meeting to which such notice refers on the public agency's Internet web site, if available, and given not less than twenty-four hours prior to the time of such meeting by filing a notice of the time and place thereof in the office of the Secretary of the State for any such public agency of the state, in the office of the clerk of such subdivision for any public agency of a political subdivision of the state and in the office of the clerk of each municipal member for any multitown district or agency. The secretary or clerk shall cause any notice received under this section to be posted in his or her office, and in the case of a notice of a public agency of the state filed with the secretary, on the Secretary of the State's Internet web site. Such notice shall be given not less than twenty-four hours prior to the time of the special meeting; provided, in case of emergency, except for the General Assembly, either house thereof or any committee thereof, any such special meeting may be held without complying with the foregoing requirement for the filing of notice but a copy of the minutes of every such emergency special meeting adequately setting forth the nature of the emergency and the proceedings occurring at such meeting shall be filed with the Secretary of the State, the clerk of such political subdivision, or the clerk of each municipal member of such multitown district or agency, as the case may be, not later than seventy-two hours following the holding of such meeting. The notice shall specify the time and place of the special meeting and the business to be transacted. No other business shall be considered at such meetings by such public agency. In addition, such written notice shall be delivered to the usual place of abode of each member of the public agency so that the same is received prior to such special meeting. The requirement of delivery of such written notice may be dispensed with as to any member who at or prior to the time the meeting convenes files with the clerk or secretary of the public agency a written waiver of delivery of such notice. Such waiver may be given by telegram. The requirement of delivery of such written notice may also be dispensed with as to any member who is actually present at the meeting at the time it convenes. Nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit any agency from adopting more stringent notice requirements.
(e) No member of the public shall be required, as a condition to attendance at a meeting of any such body, to register the member's name, or furnish other information, or complete a questionnaire or otherwise fulfill any condition precedent to the member's attendance.
(f) A public agency may hold an executive session, as defined in subdivision (6) of section 1-200, upon an affirmative vote of two-thirds of the members of such body present and voting, taken at a public meeting and stating the reasons for such executive session, as defined in section 1-200.
(g) In determining the time within which or by when a notice, agenda, record of votes or minutes of a special meeting or an emergency special meeting are required to be filed under this section, Saturdays, Sundays, legal holidays and any day on which the office of the agency, the Secretary of the State or the clerk of the applicable political subdivision or the clerk of each municipal member of any multitown district or agency, as the case may be, is closed, shall be excluded.
(1957, P.A. 468, S. 1; 1967, P.A. 723, S. 2; 1971, P.A. 499; P.A. 75-342, S. 6; P.A. 76-435, S. 63, 82; P.A. 77-609, S. 4, 8; P.A. 83-67, S. 2; 83-148; P.A. 84-546, S. 4, 173; P.A. 85-613, S. 3, 154; P.A. 97-47, S. 8; P.A. 99-71, S. 1; P.A. 00-66, S. 7; P.A. 07-213, S. 23; P.A. 08-18, S. 2; June 11 Sp. Sess. P.A. 08-3, S. 11; P.A. 10-171, S. 4; P.A. 22-109, S. 1.)
History: 1967 act required filing schedules for meetings of public bodies with secretary of the state or clerks in political subdivisions of the state and made provisions regarding special meetings; 1971 act required that votes taken in closed executive sessions be available for public inspection and recorded in the minutes; P.A. 75-342 excluded the general assembly and its committees from provision requiring that schedule of meetings be filed, expanded provisions re special meetings and changed vote margin required to hold closed executive session from simple majority to two-thirds majority; P.A. 76-435 made technical changes; P.A. 77-609 required that the general assembly provide in its joint rules for giving notice of meetings, made provisions regarding agendas for regular public meetings and required that written notice of special meetings be sent to agency members; P.A. 83-67 required multitown districts and agencies to notify their member towns of the schedule of regular and special meetings and to file minutes of such meetings; P.A. 83-148 added a new Subsec. (b) which clarifies the method to be used in determining the time in which a notice or agenda is required to be given, deleting provisions in former language, now Subsec. (a), made redundant by its inclusion and adding provisions in Subsec. (a) requiring secretary or clerk to post notice in his office and requiring that notice be given at least 24 hours before time of special meeting; P.A. 84-546 amended Subsec. (b) to apply provisions to “offices of the clerk of each municipal member of any multitown district or agency”; P.A. 85-613 made technical changes, deleting reference to Sec. 2-45; P.A. 97-47 substituted “the Freedom of Information Act” for list of sections; Sec. 1-21 transferred to Sec. 1-225 in 1999; P.A. 99-71 amended Subsec. (b) by substituting “record of votes or minutes of a special meeting or an emergency special meeting are” for “or other information is” and repealing “given, made available, posted or” before “filed”; P.A. 00-66 divided former Subsec. (a) into multiple subsections, relettered former Subsec. (b) as Subsec. (g) and made technical changes; P.A. 07-213 amended Subsec. (c) to revise agenda filing requirement and require the posting of agendas on the public agency's and the Secretary of the State's web sites for agencies of the state; P.A. 08-18 amended Subsec. (a) to add provision requiring each agency to make, keep and maintain a record of proceedings of its meetings, effective April 29, 2008; June 11 Sp. Sess. P.A. 08-3 amended Subsec. (a) to require that within seven days of session to which minutes refer, they be available for public inspection and posted on agency's web site, if available, amended Subsec. (b) to require that schedule be posted on agency's web site, if available, and amended Subsec. (d) to require that notice be posted not less than 24 hours before meeting to which notice refers on agency's web site, if available; P.A. 10-171 amended Subsec. (a) to exempt public agencies of political subdivisions of state from requirement that minutes be posted on agency's web site and make technical changes; P.A. 22-109 amended Subsec. (b) to require schedule be posted on Secretary of the State's Internet web site, amended Subsec. (c) to make a technical change and amended Subsec. (d) to make a technical change and require notice be posted on the Secretary of the State's Internet web site.
See Secs. 1-227 to 1-231, inclusive, for requirements applicable with respect to public meetings, hearings and executive sessions of public agencies.
Annotations to former section 1-21:
Where statute requires vote of each board member be recorded, absence of record of dissenting vote indicated affirmative vote. 148 C. 622. Cited. 170 C. 588; 174 C. 308; 181 C. 324; 182 C. 138; Id., 142; 184 C. 102; 190 C. 235; 192 C. 183; Id., 234; Id., 310; 198 C. 498; 204 C. 609; 205 C. 767; 206 C. 449; 207 C. 698; 208 C. 442; 209 C. 204; 210 C. 590; Id., 646; 212 C. 100; 213 C. 126; Id., 216; 214 C. 312; 216 C. 253; 217 C. 153; Id., 193; 218 C. 256; Id., 757; 219 C. 685; 220 C. 225; 221 C. 217; Id., 300; Id., 393; Id., 482; Id., 549; 222 C. 621; 228 C. 158; Id., 271; 234 C. 704; 240 C. 835. Notice under Freedom of Information Act was adequate for a site inspection under the Inland Wetlands Act. 243 C. 266.
Cited. 2 CA 600; 4 CA 216; Id., 468; 14 CA 380; judgment reversed, see 210 C. 646; 16 CA 49; 19 CA 352; Id., 539; 20 CA 671; 22 CA 316; 29 CA 821; 31 CA 690; 35 CA 111; 37 CA 589; 42 CA 402; Id., 700; judgment reversed, see 240 C. 835; 43 CA 133; Id., 227.
Plaintiff newspaper reporter as a member of the public has standing to challenge the closing of a town council meeting without required vote; provision of the Enfield charter that all meetings of the town council be open to the public must yield to state statutes; where council is exercising its administrative and executive powers, it may close its sessions. 31 CS 329. The commission's interpretation that an emergency meeting may be held only when there is no time for a special meeting notice to be posted 24 hours in advance was considered reasonable. 39 CS 56. Cited. 40 CS 233; 41 CS 31; Id., 267; 42 CS 84; Id., 129; Id., 291.
Presumed legislature, by insertion of exception clause in Sec. 1-19, intended to exclude from operation of “right to know” statutes exclusive power over admission to bar vested in Superior Court by Sec. 51-80. 4 Conn. Cir. Ct. 313.
Subsec. (a):
Cited. 213 C. 216; 217 C. 153; 218 C. 757; 221 C. 393; 230 C. 441.
Cited. 19 CA 352–354; Id., 539; 42 CA 402; 43 CA 133.
Annotations to present section:
Subsec. (a):
Section's open meeting requirements inapplicable to grievance arbitration proceedings. 244 C. 487.
Subsec. (c):
Plain language of Subsec. requires that new agenda item, not previously published, may be added to agenda only after an affirmative vote to add that item by two-thirds of the members present and voting. 66 CA 279.
Subsec. (d):
Exception to 24-hour prior notice requirement in case of emergency not unconstitutionally void for vagueness, and commission properly determined that circumstances at issue constituted an emergency; commission's long-standing interpretation that an emergency meeting may be held only when there is no time for a special meeting notice to be posted 24 hours in advance is reasonable and entitled to deference. 294 C. 438.
Structure Connecticut General Statutes
Title 1 - Provisions of General Application
Chapter 14 - Freedom of Information Act
Section 1-200. (Formerly Sec. 1-18a). - Definitions.
Section 1-205. (Formerly Sec. 1-21j). - Freedom of Information Commission.
Section 1-205a. - Recommended appropriations. Allotments.
Section 1-210. (Formerly Sec. 1-19). - Access to public records. Exempt records.
Section 1-212. (Formerly Sec. 1-15). - Copies and scanning of public records. Fees.
Section 1-215a. - Liability for disclosure of law enforcement records.
Section 1-219. - Veterans' military records.
Section 1-225a. - Meetings of public agencies conducted by electronic equipment.
Section 1-226. (Formerly Sec. 1-21a). - Recording, broadcasting or photographing meetings.
Section 1-228. (Formerly Sec. 1-21d). - Adjournment of meetings. Notice.
Section 1-229. (Formerly Sec. 1-21e). - Continued hearings. Notice.
Section 1-231. (Formerly Sec. 1-21g). - Executive sessions.
Section 1-232. (Formerly Sec. 1-21h). - Conduct of meetings.