New York Laws
Article 30 - Remedies and Pleading
3018 - Responsive Pleadings.

(b) Affirmative defenses. A party shall plead all matters which if not
pleaded would be likely to take the adverse party by surprise or would
raise issues of fact not appearing on the face of a prior pleading such
as arbitration and award, collateral estoppel, culpable conduct claimed
in diminution of damages as set forth in article fourteen-A, discharge
in bankruptcy, facts showing illegality either by statute or common law,
fraud, infancy or other disability of the party defending, payment,
release, res judicata, statute of frauds, or statute of limitation. The
application of this subdivision shall not be confined to the instances
enumerated.

Structure New York Laws