Massachusetts General Laws
Article 4a - Funds Transfers
Section 4a-203 - Unenforceability of Certain Verified Payment Orders

Section 4A–203. (a) If an accepted payment order is not, under subsection (a) of section 4A–202, an authorized order of a customer identified as sender, but is effective as an order of the customer pursuant to subsection (b) of said section 4A–202, the following rules shall apply:
(1) By express written agreement, the receiving bank may limit the extent to which it is entitled to enforce or retain payment of the payment order.
(2) The receiving bank is not entitled to enforce or retain payment of the payment order if the customer proves that the order was not caused, directly or indirectly, by a person (i) entrusted at any time with duties to act for the customer with respect to payment orders or the security procedure, or (ii) who obtained access to transmitting facilities of the customer or who obtained, from a source controlled by the customer and without authority of the receiving bank, information facilitating breach of the security procedure, regardless of how the information was obtained or whether the customer was at fault. Information includes any access device, computer software, or the like.
(b) This section shall apply to an amendment to a payment order to the same extent it applies to a payment order.

Structure Massachusetts General Laws