Section 1.01 SHORT TITLE
This chapter shall be known and may be cited as the ''Massachusetts Business Corporation Act''.
Structure Massachusetts General Laws
Part I - Administration of the Government
Chapter 156d - Business Corporations
Section 1.02 - Reservation of Power to Amend or Repeal
Section 1.20 - Filing Requirements
Section 1.22 - Filing, Service and Copying Fees
Section 1.23 - Effective Time and Date of Document
Section 1.24 - Correcting Filed Document
Section 1.25 - Filing Duty of Secretary of State
Section 1.26 - Appeal From Secretary of State's Refusal to File Document
Section 1.27 - Evidentiary Effect of Copy of Filed Document
Section 1.28 - Certificates Regarding Corporations
Section 1.29 - Penalty for Signing False Document
Section 1.40 - Chapter Definitions
Section 1.42 - Number of Shareholders
Section 1.50 - Interpretation of Chapter
Section 2.02 - Articles of Organization
Section 2.04 - Liability for Pre-Incorporation Transactions
Section 2.05 - Organization of Corporation
Section 2.07 - Emergency Bylaws
Section 3.03 - Emergency Powers
Section 5.01 - Registered Office and Registered Agent
Section 5.02 - Change of Registered Office or Registered Agent
Section 5.03 - Resignation of Registered Agent
Section 5.04 - Service on Corporation
Section 6.01 - Authorized Shares
Section 6.02 - Determination of Terms of Class or Series
Section 6.03 - Issued and Outstanding Shares
Section 6.04 - Fractional Shares
Section 6.20 - Subscription for Shares Before Incorporation
Section 6.21 - Issuance of Shares
Section 6.22 - Liability of Shareholders
Section 6.23 - Share Dividends
Section 6.25 - Form and Content of Certificates
Section 6.26 - Shares Without Certificates
Section 6.27 - Restriction on Transfer of Shares and Other Securities
Section 6.30 - Shareholders' Preemptive Rights
Section 6.31 - Corporation's Acquisition of Its Own Shares
Section 6.40 - Distributions to Shareholders
Section 6.41 - Liability for Improper Distributions
Section 7.02 - Special Meeting
Section 7.03 - Court-Ordered Meeting
Section 7.04 - Action Without Meeting
Section 7.05 - Notice of Meeting
Section 7.06 - Waiver of Notice
Section 7.08 - Meetings by Remote Communications; Remote Participation in Meetings
Section 7.20 - Shareholders List for Meeting
Section 7.21 - Voting Entitlement of Shares
Section 7.23 - Shares Held by Nominees
Section 7.24 - Corporation's Acceptance of Votes
Section 7.25 - Quorum and Voting Requirements for Voting Groups
Section 7.26 - Action by Single and Multiple Voting Groups
Section 7.27 - Greater or Lesser Quorum or Voting Requirements for Shareholders
Section 7.28 - Voting for Directors; Cumulative Voting
Section 7.29 - Form of Shareholder Action
Section 7.31 - Voting Agreements
Section 7.32 - Shareholder Agreements
Section 7.40 - Subdivision Definitions
Section 7.43 - Stay of Proceedings
Section 7.45 - Discontinuance or Settlement
Section 7.46 - Payment of Expenses
Section 7.47 - Applicability to Foreign Corporations
Section 8.01 - Requirement for and Duties of Board of Directors
Section 8.02 - Qualifications of Directors
Section 8.03 - Number and Election of Directors
Section 8.04 - Election of Directors by Certain Classes of Shareholders
Section 8.05 - Terms of Directors Generally
Section 8.06 - Staggered Terms for Directors
Section 8.07 - Resignation of Directors
Section 8.08 - Removal of Directors
Section 8.10 - Vacancy on Board
Section 8.11 - Compensation of Directors
Section 8.21 - Action Without Meeting
Section 8.22 - Notice of Meeting
Section 8.23 - Waiver of Notice
Section 8.24 - Quorum and Voting
Section 8.30 - General Standards for Directors
Section 8.31 - Director Conflict of Interest
Section 8.32 - Loans to Directors
Section 8.40 - Required Officers
Section 8.41 - Duties of Officers
Section 8.42 - Standards of Conduct for Officers
Section 8.43 - Resignation and Removal of Officers
Section 8.44 - Contract Rights of Officers
Section 8.45 - Certificate of Change in Officers or Directors
Section 8.46 - Instruments Affecting Real Estate
Section 8.50 - Subdivision Definitions
Section 8.51 - Permissible Indemnification
Section 8.52 - Mandatory Indemnification
Section 8.53 - Advance for Expenses
Section 8.54 - Court-Ordered Indemnification and Advance for Expenses
Section 8.55 - Determination and Authorization of Indemnification
Section 8.58 - Variation by Corporate Action; Application of Subchapter
Section 8.59 - Exclusivity of Subdivision
Section 9.21 - Action on a Plan of Domestication
Section 9.22 - Articles of Domestication
Section 9.23 - Surrender of Charter Upon Domestication
Section 9.24 - Effect of Domestication
Section 9.25 - Abandonment of a Domestication
Section 9.30 - Nonprofit Conversion
Section 9.31 - Action on a Plan of Nonprofit Conversion
Section 9.32 - Articles of Nonprofit Conversion
Section 9.33 - Surrender of Charter Upon Foreign Nonprofit Conversion
Section 9.34 - Effect of Nonprofit Conversion
Section 9.35 - Abandonment of a Nonprofit Conversion
Section 9.40 - Foreign Nonprofit Domestication and Conversion
Section 9.41 - Articles of Domestication and Conversion
Section 9.42 - Effect of Foreign Nonprofit Domestication and Conversion
Section 9.43 - Abandonment of a Foreign Nonprofit Domestication and Conversion
Section 9.50 - Entity Conversion Authorized; Definitions
Section 9.51 - Plan of Entity Conversion
Section 9.52 - Action on a Plan of Entity Conversion
Section 9.53 - Articles of Entity Conversion
Section 9.54 - Surrender of Charter Upon Conversion
Section 9.55 - Effect of Entity Conversion
Section 9.56 - Abandonment of an Entity Conversion
Section 10.01 - Authority to Amend
Section 10.02 - Amendment Before Issuance of Shares
Section 10.03 - Amendment by Board of Directors and Shareholders; Exception
Section 10.04 - Voting on Amendments by Voting Groups
Section 10.05 - Amendment by Board of Directors
Section 10.06 - Articles of Amendment
Section 10.07 - Restated Articles of Organization
Section 10.08 - Effect of Amendment
Section 10.20 - Amendment by Board of Directors or Shareholders
Section 10.21 - Bylaw Dealing With Quorum or Voting Requirements for Shareholders
Section 10.22 - Bylaw Dealing With Quorum or Voting Requirements for Board of Directors
Section 11.03 - Share Exchange
Section 11.04 - Action on a Plan of Merger or Share Exchange
Section 11.05 - Merger Between Parent and Subsidiary or Between Subsidiaries
Section 11.06 - Articles of Merger or Share Exchange
Section 11.07 - Effect of Merger or Share Exchange
Section 11.08 - Abandonment of a Merger or Share Exchange
Section 12.01 - Sale of Assets in Regular Course of Business and Mortgage of Assets
Section 12.02 - Sale of Assets Other Than in Regular Course of Business
Section 13.02 - Right to Appraisal
Section 13.03 - Assertion of Rights by Nominees and Beneficial Owners
Section 13.20 - Notice of Appraisal Rights
Section 13.21 - Notice of Intent to Demand Payment
Section 13.22 - Appraisal Notice and Form
Section 13.23 - Perfection of Rights; Right to Withdraw
Section 13.25 - After-Acquired Shares
Section 13.26 - Procedure if Shareholder Dissatisfied With Payment or Offer
Section 13.31 - Court Costs and Counsel Fees
Section 14.01 - Dissolution by Incorporators or Initial Directors
Section 14.03 - Articles of Dissolution
Section 14.04 - Revocation of Dissolution
Section 14.05 - Effect of Dissolution
Section 14.06 - Known Non-Contingent Claims Against Dissolved Corporation
Section 14.07 - Unknown Claims Against Dissolved Corporation
Section 14.09 - Enforcement of Claims Against Dissolved Corporation
Section 14.20 - Grounds for Administrative Dissolution
Section 14.21 - Procedure for and Effect of Administrative Dissolution
Section 14.22 - Reinstatement Following Administrative Dissolution
Section 14.23 - Appeal From Denial of Reinstatement
Section 14.30 - Grounds for Judicial Dissolution
Section 14.31 - Procedure for Judicial Dissolution
Section 14.32 - Receivership or Custodianship
Section 14.33 - Decree of Dissolution
Section 14.34 - Reorganization Under a Statute of the United States; Effectuation
Section 14.40 - Deposit With Treasurer of the Commonwealth
Section 15.01 - Authority to Transact Business Required
Section 15.02 - Consequences of Transacting Business Without Authority
Section 15.03 - Delivering Certificate by Foreign Corporation
Section 15.04 - Amended Certificate
Section 15.05 - Effect of Filing of Certificate
Section 15.06 - Corporate Name of Foreign Corporation
Section 15.07 - Registered Office and Registered Agent of Foreign Corporation
Section 15.08 - Change of Registered Office or Registered Agent of Foreign Corporation
Section 15.09 - Resignation of Registered Agent of Foreign Corporation
Section 15.10 - Liability to Be Sued; Service on Foreign Corporation
Section 15.11 - False Reports or Statements
Section 15.20 - Withdrawal of Foreign Corporation
Section 15.21 - Automatic Withdrawal Upon Certain Conversions
Section 15.22 - Withdrawal Upon Conversion to a Nonfiling Entity
Section 15.23 - Transfer of Authority
Section 15.30 - Grounds for Revocation
Section 15.31 - Procedure for and Effect of Revocation
Section 15.32 - Appeal From Revocation
Section 16.01 - Corporate Records
Section 16.02 - Inspection of Records by Shareholders
Section 16.03 - Scope of Inspection Right
Section 16.04 - Court-Ordered Inspection
Section 16.05 - Inspection of Records by Directors
Section 16.06 - Exception to Notice Requirement; Consequences of Inability to Deliver Notice
Section 16.20 - Financial Statement for Shareholders
Section 16.21 - By-Law Amendments
Section 16.22 - Annual Report for Secretary of State
Section 17.01 - Application to Existing Domestic Corporations
Section 17.02 - Application to Qualified Foreign Corporations