(a) No franchisor shall, directly, or through any officer, agent or employee, terminate, cancel or fail to renew a franchise, except for good cause shown which shall include, but not be limited to the franchisee's refusal or failure to comply substantially with any material and reasonable obligation of the franchise agreement except such obligations under subsection (e) of this section or for the reasons stated in subsection (d) of this section. The franchisor shall give the franchisee written notice of such termination, cancellation or intent not to renew, at least sixty days in advance of such termination, cancellation or failure to renew with the cause stated thereon; provided, in the event the franchisor elects not to renew a franchise pursuant to subsection (d) of this section, the franchisor shall give the franchisee written notice of such intent not to renew at least six months prior to the expiration of the current franchise agreement. The provisions of this section shall not apply (1) where the alleged grounds are voluntary abandonment by the franchisee of the franchise relationship, in which event, such notice may be given fifteen days in advance of such termination, cancellation or failure to renew, or (2) where the alleged grounds are the conviction of the franchisee in a court of competent jurisdiction of an offense punishable by a term of imprisonment in excess of one year and directly related to the business conducted pursuant to the franchise, in which event, such notice may be given at any time following such conviction and shall be effective upon delivery and written receipt of such notice, subject to the requirements of subdivision (10) of subsection (f) of this section.
(b) Upon termination of any franchise for whatever cause or reason, except voluntary relinquishment or abandonment of the franchise by the franchisee, the franchisor shall fairly compensate the franchisee or the franchisee's estate for the fair market value, at the time of termination of the franchise, of the franchisee's inventory, supplies, equipment and furnishings purchased by the franchisee from the franchisor or its approved sources and good will, if any, exclusive of personalized items which have no value to the franchisor and inventory, supplies, equipment and furnishings not reasonably required in the conduct of the franchise business; provided that compensation need not be made to a franchisee for good will if (1) the franchisee has been given one year's notice of nonrenewal, and (2) the franchisor agrees in writing not to enforce any covenant which restrains the franchisee from competing with the franchisor, and provided further, that a franchisor may offset against amounts owed to a franchisee under this subsection any amount owed by such franchisee to the franchisor.
(c) Notwithstanding the provisions of section 52-550, no franchise entered into or renewed on or after October 1, 1973, whether oral or written, shall be for a term of less than three years and for successive terms of not less than three years thereafter unless cancelled, terminated or not renewed pursuant to subsections (a) and (d) of this section.
(d) A franchisor may elect not to renew a franchise which involves the lease by the franchisor to the franchisee of real property and improvement, in the event the franchisor (1) sells or leases such real property and improvements to other than a subsidiary or affiliate of the franchisor for any use; or (2) sells or leases such real property to a subsidiary or affiliate of the franchisor, except such subsidiary or affiliate shall not use such real property for the operation of the same business of the franchisee; or (3) converts such real property and improvements to a use not covered by the franchise agreement; or (4) has leased such real property from a person not the franchisee and such lease from such person is terminated or not renewed.
(e) No franchisor shall terminate, cancel or fail to renew a franchise for the failure or refusal of the franchisee to do any of the following: (1) Refusal to take part in promotional campaigns of the franchisor's products; (2) failure to meet sales quotas suggested by the franchisor; (3) refusal to sell any product at a price suggested by the franchisor or supplier; (4) refusal to keep the premises open and operating during those hours which are documented by the franchisee to be unprofitable to the franchisee or to preclude the franchisee from establishing the franchisee's own hours of operation beyond the hour of ten o'clock p.m. and prior to six o'clock a.m.; (5) refusal to give the franchisor or supplier financial records of the operation of the franchise which are not related or necessary to the franchisee's obligations under the franchise agreement. Subdivisions (1) to (5), inclusive, of this subsection shall not be deemed material and reasonable obligations, substantial failure to comply with franchise terms, or good cause under subsection (a) of this section.
(f) No franchisor, directly or indirectly, through any officer, agent or employee, shall do any of the following: (1) Require a franchisee at the time of entering into an agreement to assent to a release, assignment, novation, waiver, or estoppel which would relieve any person from liability imposed by sections 42-133j to 42-133n, inclusive; (2) prohibit, directly or indirectly, the right of free association among franchisees for any lawful purpose; (3) prohibit the transfer by will of any franchise and the rights of any franchisee under any franchise agreement to a spouse or child of such franchisee; (4) require or prohibit any change in management of any franchise unless such requirement or prohibition of such change shall be for good cause, which cause shall be stated in writing by the franchisor; (5) impose unreasonable standards of performance upon a franchisee; (6) fail to deal in good faith with a franchisee; (7) sell, rent or offer to sell to a franchisee any product or service for more than a fair and reasonable price; (8) impose on a franchisee by contract, rule or regulation, whether written or oral, any standard of conduct unless the franchisor, his agents or representatives sustain the burden of proving such to be reasonable and necessary; (9) discriminate between franchisees in the charges offered or made for royalties, goods, services, equipment, rentals, advertising services, or in any other business dealing, unless (A) any such type of discrimination between franchisees would be necessary to allow a particular franchisee to fairly meet competition in the open market, or (B) to the extent that the franchisor satisfies the burden of proving that any classification of or discrimination between franchisees is reasonable, is based on franchises granted at materially different times and such discrimination is reasonably related to such difference in time or on other proper and justifiable distinctions considering the purposes of sections 42-133j to 42-133n, inclusive, and is not arbitrary; (10) notify the franchisee of a claimed breach of franchise agreement for good cause later than one hundred eighty days from the date said good cause arises or one hundred eighty days after the franchisor knew or in the exercise of reasonable care should have known of said claimed good cause; or (11) require or coerce a gasoline franchisee to sell gasoline at a specific price or in a specific price range.
(g) Any franchisee or franchisor, upon request, shall have the right to have the question of good cause submitted to arbitration in accordance with the rules of the American Arbitration Association. Any franchisee or franchisor, upon the rendering of a decision in arbitration, shall have the right to apply to the superior court in the county wherein such franchisee or franchisor is doing business or resides for confirmation, modification, correction or vacation of any arbitration decision.
(h) Every franchisor shall protect and save harmless its franchisee from financial loss and expense, including legal fees and costs, if any, arising out of any claim, demand, suit or judgment by reason of defect in merchandise or methods or procedures prescribed by the franchisor and performed by such franchisee, except for alleged negligence or wilful misconduct of such franchisee.
(i) Every franchisor shall reimburse its franchisee at the prevailing retail price for any services rendered or parts supplied by such franchisee in satisfaction of any warranty issued by such franchisor, and no franchisor shall restrict a franchisee from rendering services or providing parts in accordance with standards of good workmanship in satisfaction of any such warranty.
(j) Any waiver of the rights of a franchisee under sections 42-133m, 42-133n and this section which is contained in any franchise agreement entered into or amended on or after October 1, 1977, shall be void.
(P.A. 77-493, S. 3; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 98-1, S. 70, 121; P.A. 04-70, S. 1; P.A. 06-196, S. 167.)
History: (Revisor's note: In 1995 the Revisors editorially changed the numeric indicators (1) and (2) in Subsec. (f)(9) to (A) and (B) respectively for consistency with statutory usage); June Sp. Sess. P.A. 98-1 made a technical change in Subsec. (f), effective June 24, 1998; P.A. 04-70 amended Subsec. (f) by deleting a provision that “nothing under this subsection shall be construed as granting a franchisor a right that may be limited by any other state or federal statute”, and by adding Subdiv. (11) prohibiting the requirement or coercion of a gasoline franchisee to sell gasoline at a specific price or price range; P.A. 06-196 made technical changes in Subsec. (e), effective June 7, 2006.
Subsec. (j) does not bar plaintiff from relinquishing its right to a jury trial under a franchise agreement. 176 CA 461.
Cited. 38 CS 495.
Structure Connecticut General Statutes
Title 42 - Business, Selling, Trading and Collection Practices
Chapter 739 - Trading Stamps, Mail Orders, Franchises, Credit Programs and Subscriptions
Section 42-126. - Sale of merchandise with trading stamps, coupons or other similar devices.
Section 42-126a. - Trading stamps.
Section 42-127b. - Licensing of persons in business on October 1, 1971.
Section 42-128. - Bond required.
Section 42-130. - Use of terms.
Section 42-132 and 42-133. - Application in case of pretended purchase or assignment. Penalty.
Section 42-133c. - Finance charge applied by retail sellers on open-end credit plans.
Section 42-133d. - Annual statement of interest imposed and paid under open-end credit plan.
Section 42-133e. - Franchises: Definitions.
Section 42-133f. - Termination, or cancellation of, or failure to renew a franchise.
Section 42-133h. - Applicability of sections 42-133e to 42-133g, inclusive.
Section 42-133j. - Legislative finding concerning petroleum product franchises.
Section 42-133k. - Definitions.
Section 42-133m. - Assignment of franchise. Automatic termination.
Section 42-133n. - Remedies. Effect of judgment. Limitation of actions.
Section 42-133r. - Definitions.
Section 42-133u. - Manufacturers or dealers to indemnify franchised dealers.
Section 42-133x. - Effects of a franchise termination, cancellation or nonrenewal.
Section 42-133z. - Refusal to honor succession by family member. Notice.
Section 42-133aa. - Burden of proof for succession refusal on manufacturer or distributor.
Section 42-133bb. - Prohibited acts by manufacturer or distributor re dealer.
Section 42-133cc. - Prohibited acts by manufacturer or distributor.
Section 42-133ee. - Civil action for injunction and damages.
Section 42-133gg. - Sale or transfer of names of credit cardholders.
Section 42-133ii. - Hold on credit or debit card account for the retail sale of gasoline.
Section 42-133mm. - Sale, transfers or assignment of franchisor's interest.