(a) A document shall satisfy the requirements of this section, and of any other section that adds to or varies from these requirements, to be entitled to filing by the Secretary of the State.
(b) Sections 33-600 to 33-998, inclusive, shall require or permit filing the document in the office of the Secretary of the State.
(c) The document shall contain the information required by sections 33-600 to 33-998, inclusive. It may contain other information as well.
(d) The document shall be typewritten or printed or, if electronically transmitted, in a format that can be retrieved or reproduced in typewritten or printed form.
(e) The document shall be in the English language. A corporate name need not be in English if written in English letters or Arabic or Roman numerals, and the certificate of existence required of foreign corporations need not be in English if accompanied by a reasonably authenticated English translation.
(f) The document shall be executed: (1) By the chairman of the board of directors of a domestic or foreign corporation, by its president or by another of its officers; (2) if directors have not been selected or the corporation has not been formed, by an incorporator; or (3) if the corporation is in the hands of a receiver, trustee or other court-appointed fiduciary, by that fiduciary.
(g) The person executing the document shall sign it and state beneath or opposite such person's signature such person's name and the capacity in which such person signs. The document may but need not contain a corporate seal, attestation, acknowledgment or verification.
(h) If the Secretary of the State has prescribed a mandatory form for the document under section 33-609, the document shall be in or on the prescribed form.
(i) The document shall be delivered to the office of the Secretary of the State for filing. If the document is filed in typewritten or printed form and not electronically transmitted, the Secretary of the State may require one exact or conformed copy to be delivered with the document, except as provided in sections 33-662 and 33-928.
(j) When the document is delivered to the office of the Secretary of the State for filing, the correct filing fee, and any franchise tax, license fee or penalty required to be paid therewith by sections 33-600 to 33-998, inclusive, or other law must be paid or provision for payment made in a manner permitted by the Secretary of the State.
(k) When any document is required or permitted to be filed or recorded as provided in sections 33-600 to 33-998, inclusive, the Secretary of the State may, in the Secretary of the State's discretion, for good cause, permit a photostatic or other photographic copy of such document to be filed or recorded in lieu of the original instrument. Such filing or recording shall have the same force and effect as if the original instrument had been so filed or recorded.
(l) As used in this subsection, “filed document” means a document filed with the Secretary of the State under any provision of sections 33-600 to 33-998, inclusive, except sections 33-920 to 33-937, inclusive, and section 33-953, and “plan” means a plan of merger, plan of share exchange or plan of division, as described in section 38a-156s. Whenever a provision of sections 33-600 to 33-998, inclusive, or section 38a-156s permits any of the terms of a plan or filed document to be dependent on facts objectively ascertainable outside the plan or filed document, the following provisions apply:
(1) The manner in which the facts will operate upon the terms of the plan or filed document shall be set forth in the plan or filed document;
(2) The facts may include, but are not limited to (A) any of the following that is available in a nationally recognized news or information medium either in print or electronically: Statistical or market indices, market prices of any security or group of securities, interest rates, currency exchange rates, or similar economic or financial data, (B) a determination or action by any person or body, including the corporation or any other party to a plan or filed document, or (C) the terms of, or actions taken under, an agreement to which the corporation is a party, or any other agreement or document;
(3) The following provisions of a plan or filed document may not be made dependent on facts outside the plan or filed document: (A) The name and address of any person required in a filed document; (B) the registered office of any entity required in a filed document; (C) the registered agent of any entity required in a filed document; (D) the number of authorized shares and designation of each class or series of shares; (E) the effective date of a filed document; and (F) any required statement in a filed document of the date on which the underlying transaction was approved or the manner in which such approval was given; and
(4) If a provision of a filed document is made dependent on a fact ascertainable outside of the filed document, and such fact is not ascertainable by reference to a source described in subparagraph (A) of subdivision (2) of this subsection or a document that is a matter of public record, or the affected shareholders have not received notice of the fact from the corporation, then the corporation shall file with the Secretary of the State a certificate of amendment setting forth the fact promptly after the time when the fact referred to is first ascertainable or thereafter changes. Certificates of amendment under this subdivision are deemed to be authorized by the authorization of the original plan or filed document to which they relate and may be filed by the corporation without further action by the board of directors or the shareholders.
(m) The Secretary of the State may require or permit the filing by electronic transmission or by employing new technology as it is developed of any document that is required by law or regulation under sections 33-600 to 33-998, inclusive, to be filed with the Secretary of the State.
(P.A. 94-186, S. 4, 215; P.A. 96-271, S. 4, 254; P.A. 98-137, S. 50, 51, 62; 98-219, S. 33, 34; P.A. 01-199, S. 5; P.A. 03-158, S. 4; P.A. 11-146, S. 1; P.A. 17-2, S. 12.)
History: P.A. 94-186 effective January 1, 1997; P.A. 96-271 amended Subsec. (i) to delete the exception for when the document is transmitted by electronic means, effective January 1, 1997; P.A. 98-137 amended Subsecs. (d) and (g) to replace “transmitted by electronic means” with “electronically transmitted”, effective July 1, 1998; P.A. 98-219 revised effective date of P.A. 98-137, but without affecting this section; P.A. 01-199 amended Subsec. (d) to replace “or, if authorized by the Secretary of the State, electronically transmitted” with “or, if electronically transmitted, in a format that can be retrieved or reproduced in typewritten or printed form”, amended Subsec. (g) to make the manner of executing a document the same whether it is typewritten or printed or electronically transmitted by deleting provision that required the person executing a document that is electronically transmitted to “affirm and authenticate the execution of the document in such manner as the Secretary of the State may prescribe as effective for those purposes”, replace provision authorizing the document to contain “(1) The corporate seal, (2) an attestation by the secretary or an assistant secretary, (3) an acknowledgment, verification or proof” with “a corporate seal, attestation, acknowledgment or verification” and make technical changes for purposes of gender neutrality, amended Subsec. (i) to authorize delivery by electronic transmission if and to the extent permitted by the Secretary of the State and authorize the Secretary of the State to require one exact or conformed copy of a filed document that is in typewritten or printed form and not electronically transmitted to be delivered with the document, amended Subsec. (j) to rephrase provisions and amended Subsec. (k) to make a technical change for purposes of gender neutrality; P.A. 03-158 added Subsec. (l) re terms and provisions of plan or filed document to be dependent on facts objectively ascertainable outside the plan or filed document; P.A. 11-146 amended Subsec. (i) to delete provision authorizing delivery by electronic transmission if and to extent permitted by Secretary of the State and added new Subsec. (m) re authority of Secretary of the State to require or permit filing by electronic transmission or by employing new technology as it is developed of any document required to be filed with said Secretary, effective January 1, 2012; P.A. 17-2 amended Subsec. (l) by redefining “plan” and adding “or section 38a-156s”.
Structure Connecticut General Statutes
Chapter 601 - Business Corporations
Section 33-600. - Short title: Connecticut Business Corporation Act.
Section 33-601. - Construction of statutes.
Section 33-602. - Definitions.
Section 33-603. - Notices and other communications.
Section 33-603a. - Householding.
Section 33-604. - Number of shareholders.
Section 33-605. - Qualified director.
Section 33-606. - Defective corporate actions. Definitions.
Section 33-606a. - Defective corporate action not void or voidable, when.
Section 33-606b. - Ratification of defective corporate actions.
Section 33-606c. - Action on ratification.
Section 33-606d. - Notice requirements re action on ratification.
Section 33-606e. - Effect of ratification.
Section 33-606g. - Judicial proceeding re validity of corporate action.
Section 33-608. - Filing requirements.
Section 33-609. - Forms. Mailing address.
Section 33-610. - Effective time and date of document.
Section 33-611. - Correcting filed document.
Section 33-612. - Filing duty of Secretary of the State.
Section 33-613. - Appeal from Secretary of the State's refusal to file document.
Section 33-614. - Evidentiary effect of copy of filed document.
Section 33-615. - Certificate of existence or authorization.
Section 33-616. - Penalty for signing false document.
Section 33-617. - Fees payable to Secretary of the State.
Section 33-618. - Franchise tax.
Section 33-622. - Powers of Secretary of the State.
Section 33-623. - Regulations regarding electronic filing.
Section 33-624. - Interrogatories by Secretary of the State.
Section 33-635. - Incorporators.
Section 33-636. - Certificate of incorporation.
Section 33-637. - Incorporation.
Section 33-638. - Liability for preincorporation transactions.
Section 33-639. - Organization of corporation.
Section 33-641. - Emergency bylaws.
Section 33-646. - Authorization to form corporation to transact insurance business.
Section 33-647. - General powers.
Section 33-648. - Emergency powers.
Section 33-649. - Ultra vires.
Section 33-655. - Corporate name.
Section 33-656. - Reserved name.
Section 33-657. - Registered name.
Section 33-660. - Registered office and registered agent.
Section 33-661. - Change of registered office or registered agent.
Section 33-662. - Resignation of registered agent.
Section 33-663. - Service of process on corporation.
Section 33-665. - Authorized shares.
Section 33-666. - Terms of class or series of shares.
Section 33-667. - Issued and outstanding shares.
Section 33-668. - Fractional shares.
Section 33-671. - Subscription for shares before incorporation.
Section 33-672. - Issuance of shares.
Section 33-673. - Liability of shareholders.
Section 33-673a. - Definitions.
Section 33-674. - Share dividends.
Section 33-675. - Share options and other equity compensation awards.
Section 33-676. - Form and content of certificates.
Section 33-677. - Shares without certificates.
Section 33-678. - Restriction on transfer of shares and other securities.
Section 33-679. - Expense of issue.
Section 33-680. - Surrender of share certificates.
Section 33-683. - Shareholder's preemptive rights.
Section 33-684. - Corporation's acquisition of its own shares.
Section 33-687. - Distributions to shareholders.
Section 33-695. - Annual meeting.
Section 33-696. - Special meeting.
Section 33-697. - Court-ordered meeting.
Section 33-698. - Action without meeting.
Section 33-699. - Notice of meeting.
Section 33-700. - Waiver of notice.
Section 33-701. - Record date.
Section 33-702. - Chairperson to preside.
Section 33-703. - Remote participation in annual and special meetings.
Section 33-704. - Shareholders' list for meeting.
Section 33-705. - Voting entitlement of shares.
Section 33-707. - Shares held by nominees.
Section 33-708. - Corporation's acceptance or rejection of votes.
Section 33-709. - Quorum and voting requirements for voting groups.
Section 33-710. - Action by single and multiple voting groups.
Section 33-711. - Greater quorum or voting requirement.
Section 33-712. - Voting for directors. Cumulative voting.
Section 33-715. - Voting trust.
Section 33-716. - Voting agreement.
Section 33-717. - Shareholder agreement.
Section 33-720. - Derivative proceedings. Definitions.
Section 33-723. - Stay of proceedings.
Section 33-725. - Discontinuance or settlement.
Section 33-726. - Payment of expenses.
Section 33-727. - Applicability to foreign corporations.
Section 33-735. - Requirements for and duties of board of directors.
Section 33-736. - Qualifications for directors or nominees for directors.
Section 33-737. - Number and election of directors.
Section 33-738. - Election of directors by certain classes of shareholders.
Section 33-739. - Terms of directors generally.
Section 33-740. - Staggered terms for directors.
Section 33-741. - Resignation of directors.
Section 33-742. - Removal of directors by shareholders.
Section 33-743. - Removal of directors by judicial proceeding.
Section 33-744. - Vacancy on board of directors.
Section 33-745. - Compensation of directors.
Section 33-749. - Action without meeting.
Section 33-750. - Notice of meeting.
Section 33-751. - Waiver of notice.
Section 33-752. - Quorum and voting.
Section 33-754. - Submission of matters for shareholder vote.
Section 33-756. - General standards of conduct for directors.
Section 33-757. - Liability for unlawful distribution.
Section 33-758. - General standards of liability for directors.
Section 33-764. - Functions of officers.
Section 33-765. - Standards of conduct for officers.
Section 33-766. - Resignation and removal of officers.
Section 33-767. - Contract rights of officers.
Section 33-770. - Definitions.
Section 33-771. - Permissible indemnification.
Section 33-772. - Mandatory indemnification.
Section 33-773. - Advance for expenses.
Section 33-774. - Court-ordered indemnification and advance for expenses.
Section 33-775. - Determination and authorization of indemnification.
Section 33-778. - Variation by corporate action.
Section 33-779. - Exclusivity of provisions.
Section 33-781. - Definitions.
Section 33-782. - Judicial action.
Section 33-783. - Directors' action.
Section 33-784. - Shareholders' action.
Section 33-785. - Taking advantage of a business opportunity.
Section 33-795. - Authority to amend.
Section 33-796. - Amendment by board of directors.
Section 33-797. - Amendment by board of directors and shareholders.
Section 33-798. - Voting on amendments by voting groups.
Section 33-799. - Amendment before issuance of shares.
Section 33-800. - Certificate of amendment.
Section 33-801. - Restated certificate of incorporation.
Section 33-802. - Amendment pursuant to reorganization.
Section 33-803. - Effect of amendment.
Section 33-806. - Amendment by shareholders or board of directors.
Section 33-807. - Bylaw increasing quorum or voting requirement for shareholders.
Section 33-808. - Bylaw increasing quorum or voting requirement for directors.
Section 33-809. - Bylaw provisions relating to the election of directors.
Section 33-814. - Definitions.
Section 33-816. - Share exchange.
Section 33-817. - Action on plan of merger or share exchange.
Section 33-818. - Merger of subsidiary.
Section 33-819. - Certificate of merger or share exchange.
Section 33-820. - Effect of merger or share exchange.
Section 33-821. - Merger or share exchange with foreign corporation.
Section 33-821a. - Abandoned merger or share exchange.
Section 33-840. - Business combinations. Definitions.
Section 33-841. - Approval of business combination.
Section 33-843. - Business combinations. Definitions.
Section 33-845. - Excepted business combinations.
Section 33-855. - Definitions.
Section 33-856. - Right to appraisal.
Section 33-857. - Assertion of rights by nominees and beneficial owners.
Section 33-860. - Notice of appraisal rights.
Section 33-861. - Notice of intent to demand payment. Consequences of voting or consenting.
Section 33-862. - Appraisal notice and form.
Section 33-863. - Perfection of rights. Right to withdraw.
Section 33-864. - Share restrictions.
Section 33-866. - Failure to take action.
Section 33-867. - After-acquired shares.
Section 33-868. - Procedure if shareholder dissatisfied with payment or offer.
Section 33-871. - Court action.
Section 33-872. - Court costs and expenses.
Section 33-880. - Dissolution by incorporators or initial directors.
Section 33-881. - Dissolution by board of directors and shareholders.
Section 33-882. - Certificate of dissolution.
Section 33-883. - Revocation of dissolution.
Section 33-884. - Effect of dissolution.
Section 33-885. - Requirements prior to final liquidating distribution of assets.
Section 33-886. - Known claims against dissolved corporation.
Section 33-887. - Unknown claims against dissolved corporation.
Section 33-887b. - Duties of directors of dissolved corporation.
Section 33-890. - Administrative dissolution.
Section 33-891. - Effect of administrative dissolution.
Section 33-892. - Reinstatement following administrative dissolution.
Section 33-893. - Appeal from refusal of reinstatement.
Section 33-896. - Grounds for judicial dissolution.
Section 33-897. - Procedure for judicial dissolution.
Section 33-898. - Receivership or custodianship.
Section 33-899. - Decree of dissolution.
Section 33-900. - Election to purchase in lieu of dissolution.
Section 33-903. - Deposit of assets with State Treasurer or other state official.
Section 33-910. - Provisions applicable to specially chartered corporations.
Section 33-911. - Formation of specially chartered corporation.
Section 33-912. - Amendment of special charter.
Section 33-913. - Surrender of charter and reincorporation.
Section 33-914. - Franchise tax.
Section 33-920. - Authority to transact business required.
Section 33-921. - Consequences of transacting business without authority.
Section 33-921a. - Limited amnesty for foreign corporation transacting business without authority.
Section 33-922. - Application for certificate of authority.
Section 33-923. - Amended certificate of authority.
Section 33-924. - Effect of certificate of authority.
Section 33-925. - Corporate name of foreign corporation.
Section 33-926. - Registered office and registered agent of foreign corporation.
Section 33-927. - Change of registered office or registered agent of foreign corporation.
Section 33-928. - Resignation of registered agent of foreign corporation.
Section 33-929. - Service of process on foreign corporation.
Section 33-932. - Withdrawal of foreign corporation.
Section 33-935. - Grounds for revocation.
Section 33-936. - Procedure for and effect of revocation.
Section 33-937. - Appeal from revocation.
Section 33-945. - Corporate records.
Section 33-946. - Inspection of records by shareholders.
Section 33-947. - Scope of inspection right.
Section 33-948. - Court-ordered inspection.
Section 33-949. - Inspection of records by directors.
Section 33-950. - Exception to notice requirement.
Section 33-951. - Financial statements for shareholders.
Section 33-952. - Other reports to shareholders.
Section 33-954. - Failure to file report. Incorrect report.
Section 33-955. - Interim notice of change of director or officer.
Section 33-995. - Applicability to domestic corporations in existence on January 1, 1997.
Section 33-996. - Applicability to qualified foreign corporations.
Section 33-997. - Saving provisions.