Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes
Chapter 88 - Limited Liability Companies
Section 8849.2 - Standards of conduct for managers

(a) General rule.--A manager of a manager-managed limited liability company owes to the company and, subject to section 8881(b) (relating to direct action by member), the members the duties of loyalty and care stated under subsections (b) and (c).
(b) Duty of loyalty.--The fiduciary duty of loyalty of a manager in a manager-managed limited liability company includes the duties:
(1) to account to the company and to hold as trustee for it any property, profit or benefit derived by the manager:
(i) in the conduct or winding up of the company's activities and affairs;
(ii) from a use by the manager of the company's property; or
(iii) from the appropriation of a company opportunity;
(2) to refrain from dealing with the company in the conduct or winding up of the company's activities and affairs as or on behalf of a person having an interest adverse to the company; and
(3) to refrain from competing with the company in the conduct of the company's activities and affairs until completion of the winding up of the company.
(c) Duty of care.--The duty of care of a manager of a manager-managed limited liability company in the conduct or winding up of the company's activities and affairs is to refrain from engaging in gross negligence, recklessness, willful misconduct or knowing violation of law.
(d) Good faith and fair dealing.--A manager of a manager-managed limited liability company shall discharge the duties and obligations under this title or under the operating agreement and exercise any rights consistently with the contractual obligation of good faith and fair dealing.
(e) Ratification of breach of duty of loyalty.--All the members, or a majority of disinterested managers, of a manager-managed limited liability company may authorize or ratify, after disclosure of all material facts, a specific act or transaction by a manager that otherwise would violate the duty of loyalty.
(f) Fairness as a defense.--It is a defense to a claim under subsection (b)(2) and any comparable claim in equity or at common law that the transaction was fair to the limited liability company.
(g) Manager's rights in approved transaction.--If a manager enters into a transaction with the limited liability company which otherwise would be prohibited by subsection (b)(2), and the transaction is approved or ratified as provided by subsection (e) or the operating agreement, the manager's rights and obligations arising from the transaction are the same as those of a person that is not a manager.
(h) Exoneration.--The operating agreement may provide that a manager in a manager-managed limited liability company shall not be personally liable for monetary damages to the company or the members for a breach of subsection (c), except that a manager may not be exonerated for an act that constitutes recklessness, willful misconduct or a knowing violation of law.
(i) Cross reference.--See section 8815 (relating to contents of operating agreement).

Cross References. Section 8849.2 is referred to in sections 8815, 8845, 8846, 8848, 8884, 8896 of this title.

Structure Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes