North Carolina General Statutes
Chapter 130A - Public Health

§ 130A-315 - Drinking water rules; exceptions; limitation on implied warranties. - 130A-315. Drinking water rules; exceptions; limitation on implied warranties. (a)...

§ 130A-316 - Department to examine waters. - 130A-316. Department to examine waters. The Department shall examine all...

§ 130A-317 - Department to provide advice; submission and approval of public water system plans. - 130A-317. Department to provide advice; submission and approval of public...

§ 130A-318 - Disinfection of public water systems. - 130A-318. Disinfection of public water systems. (a) The Department is...

§ 130A-319 - Condemnation of lands for public water systems. - 130A-319. Condemnation of lands for public water systems. All units...

§ 130A-320 - Sanitation of watersheds; rules; inspections; local source protection planning. - 130A-320. Sanitation of watersheds; rules; inspections; local source protection planning....

§ 130A-321 - Variances and exemptions; considerations; duration; condition; notice and hearing. - 130A-321. Variances and exemptions; considerations; duration; condition; notice and hearing....

§ 130A-322 - Imminent hazard; power of the Secretary. - 130A-322. Imminent hazard; power of the Secretary. (a) The Secretary...

§ 130A-323 - Emergency plan for drinking water; emergency circumstances defined. - 130A-323. Emergency plan for drinking water; emergency circumstances defined. (a)...

§ 130A-324 - Notice of noncompliance; failure to perform monitoring; variances and exemptions. - 130A-324. Notice of noncompliance; failure to perform monitoring; variances and...

§ 130A-325 - Prohibited acts. - 130A-325. Prohibited acts. The following acts are prohibited: (1) Failure...

§ 130A-326 - Powers of the Secretary. - 130A-326. Powers of the Secretary. To carry out the provisions...

§ 130A-327 - Construction. - 130A-327. Construction. This Article shall be interpreted as giving the...

§ 130A-328 - Public water system operating permit and permit fee. - 130A-328. Public water system operating permit and permit fee. (a)...

§ 130A-329 - Reporting. - 130A-329. Reporting. Reports required to be submitted under this Article...

Article 11 - Wastewater Systems.

§ 130A-333 - Purpose. - 130A-333. Purpose. The General Assembly finds and declares that continued...

§ 130A-334 - Definitions. - 130A-334. Definitions. The following definitions shall apply throughout this Article:...

§ 130A-335 - Wastewater collection, treatment and disposal; rules. - 130A-335. Wastewater collection, treatment and disposal; rules. (a) A person...

§ 130A-335.1 - Effluent filters and access devices for certain septic tank systems. - 130A-335.1. Effluent filters and access devices for certain septic tank...

§ 130A-336 - Improvement permit and construction authorization required. - 130A-336. Improvement permit and authorization for wastewater system construction required....

§ 130A-336.1 - Alternative process for wastewater system approvals. - 130A-336.1. Alternative process for wastewater system approvals. (a) Engineered Option...

§ 130A-336.2 - Alternative wastewater system approvals for nonengineered systems. - 130A-336.2. Alternative wastewater system approvals for nonengineered systems. (a) Authorized...

§ 130A-337 - Inspection; operation permit required. - 130A-337. Inspection; operation permit required. (a) No system of wastewater...

§ 130A-338 - Construction authorization required before other permits to be issued. - 130A-338. Authorization for wastewater system construction required before other permits...

§ 130A-339 - Limitation on electrical service. - 130A-339. Limitation on electrical service. No person shall allow permanent...

§ 130A-340 - Review procedures and appeals. - 130A-340. Review procedures and appeals. The Department, upon request by...

§ 130A-341 - Consideration of a site with existing fill. - 130A-341. Consideration of a site with existing fill. Upon application...

§ 130A-342 - Residential wastewater treatment systems. - 130A-342. Residential wastewater treatment systems. (a) Individual residential wastewater treatment...

§ 130A-343 - Approval of on-site subsurface wastewater systems. - 130A-343. Approval of on-site subsurface wastewater systems. (a) Definitions. -...

§ 130A-343.1 - Transfer of ownership of provisionally approved septic tanks and innovative septic tank systems to joint agency in certain counties; inspection fees in those counties. - 130A-343.1. Transfer of ownership of provisionally approved septic tanks and...

§ 130A-345 - Disposal of liquid condensate from residential heating and cooling systems. - 130A-345. Disposal of liquid condensate from residential heating and cooling...

Article 12 - Mosquito and Vector Control.

§ 130A-352 - Creation and purpose of mosquito control districts. - 130A-352. Creation and purpose of mosquito control districts. For the...

§ 130A-353 - Nature of district; procedure for forming districts. - 130A-353. Nature of district; procedure for forming districts. (a) A...

§ 130A-354 - Governing bodies for mosquito control districts. - 130A-354. Governing bodies for mosquito control districts. (a) A mosquito...

§ 130A-355 - Corporate powers. - 130A-355. Corporate powers. A mosquito control district created in accordance...

§ 130A-356 - Adoption of plan of operation. - 130A-356. Adoption of plan of operation. (a) At least 60...

§ 130A-357 - Bond issues. - 130A-357. Bond issues. A mosquito control district shall have power...

§ 130A-358 - Dissolution of certain mosquito control districts. - 130A-358. Dissolution of certain mosquito control districts. Fifty-one percent (51%)...

Article 13 - Nutrition.

§ 130A-361 - Department to establish nutrition program. - 130A-361. Department to establish nutrition program. (a) The Department shall...

Article 14 - Dental Health.

§ 130A-366 - Department to establish dental health program. - 130A-366. Department to establish dental health program. (a) The Department...

§ 130A-367 - Dental providers for problem access areas. - 130A-367. Dental providers for problem access areas. The State's dental...

Article 15 - State Center for Health Statistics.

§ 130A-371 - State Center for Health Statistics established. - 130A-371. State Center for Health Statistics established. A State Center...

§ 130A-372 - Definitions. - 130A-372. Definitions. The following definitions shall apply throughout this Article:...

§ 130A-373 - Authority and duties. - 130A-373. Authority and duties. (a) The State Center for Health...

§ 130A-374 - Security of health data. - 130A-374. Security of health data. (a) Medical records of individual...

Article 16 - Postmortem Investigation and Disposition.

§ 130A-377 - Establishment and maintenance of central and district offices. - 130A-377. Establishment and maintenance of central and district offices. The...

§ 130A-378 - Qualifications and appointment of the Chief Medical Examiner. - 130A-378. Qualifications and appointment of the Chief Medical Examiner. The...

§ 130A-379 - Duties of the Chief Medical Examiner. - 130A-379. Duties of the Chief Medical Examiner. The Chief Medical...

§ 130A-380 - The Chief Medical Examiner's staff. - 130A-380. The Chief Medical Examiner's staff. The Chief Medical Examiner...

§ 130A-381 - Additional services and facilities. - 130A-381. Additional services and facilities. In order to provide proper...

§ 130A-382 - County medical examiners; appointment; term of office; vacancies; training requirements; revocation for cause. - 130A-382. County medical examiners; appointment; term of office; vacancies; training...

§ 130A-383 - Medical examiner jurisdiction. - 130A-383. Medical examiner jurisdiction. (a) Upon the death of any...

§ 130A-384 - Notification concerning out-of-state body. - 130A-384. Notification concerning out-of-state body. When a body is brought...

§ 130A-385 - Duties of medical examiner upon receipt of notice; reports; copies. - 130A-385. Duties of medical examiner upon receipt of notice; reports;...

§ 130A-386 - Subpoena authority. - 130A-386. Subpoena authority. The Chief Medical Examiner and the county...

§ 130A-387 - Fees. - 130A-387. Fees. For each investigation and prompt filing of the...

§ 130A-388 - Medical examiner's permission necessary before embalming, burial and cremation. - 130A-388. Medical examiner's permission necessary before embalming, burial and cremation....

§ 130A-389 - Autopsies. - 130A-389. Autopsies. (a) If, in the opinion of the medical...

§ 130A-389.1 - Photographs and video or audio recordings made pursuant to autopsy. - 130A-389.1. Photographs and video or audio recordings made pursuant to...

§ 130A-390 - Exhumations. - 130A-390. Exhumations. (a) In any case of death described in...

§ 130A-392 - Reports and records as evidence. - 130A-392. Reports and records as evidence. Reports of investigations made...

§ 130A-393 - Rules. - 130A-393. Rules. The Commission shall adopt rules to carry out...

§ 130A-394 - Coroner to hold inquests. - 130A-394. Coroner to hold inquests. In every case requiring the...

§ 130A-395 - Handling and transportation of bodies. - 130A-395. Handling and transportation of bodies. (a) It shall be...

§ 130A-398 - Limitation on right to perform autopsy. - 130A-398. Limitation on right to perform autopsy. The right to...

§ 130A-399 - Postmortem examination of inmates of certain public institutions. - 130A-399. Postmortem examination of inmates of certain public institutions. Upon...

§ 130A-400 - Written consent for postmortem examinations required. - 130A-400. Written consent for postmortem examinations required. An administrator of...

§ 130A-401 - Postmortem examinations in certain medical schools. - 130A-401. Postmortem examinations in certain medical schools. The postmortem examinations...

§ 130A-412.3 - Short title. - 130A-412.3. Short title. This Part may be cited as the...

§ 130A-412.4 - Definitions. - 130A-412.4. Definitions. The following definitions apply in this Part: (1)...

§ 130A-412.5 - Applicability. - 130A-412.5. Applicability. This act applies to an anatomical gift or...

§ 130A-412.6 - Who may make an anatomical gift before donor's death. - 130A-412.6. Who may make an anatomical gift before donor's death....

§ 130A-412.7 - Manner of making anatomical gift before donor's death. - 130A-412.7. Manner of making anatomical gift before donor's death. (a)...

§ 130A-412.8 - Amending or revoking anatomical gift before donor's death. - 130A-412.8. Amending or revoking anatomical gift before donor's death. (a)...

§ 130A-412.9 - Refusal to make anatomical gift; effect of refusal. - 130A-412.9. Refusal to make anatomical gift; effect of refusal. (a)...

§ 130A-412.10 - Preclusive effect of an anatomical gift, amendment, or revocation. - 130A-412.10. Preclusive effect of an anatomical gift, amendment, or revocation....

§ 130A-412.11 - Who may make an anatomical gift of decedent's body or body part. - 130A-412.11. Who may make an anatomical gift of decedent's body...

§ 130A-412.12 - Manner of making, amending, or revoking anatomical gift of decedent's body or body part. - 130A-412.12. Manner of making, amending, or revoking anatomical gift of...

§ 130A-412.13 - Persons that may receive anatomical gift; purpose of anatomical gift. - 130A-412.13. Persons that may receive anatomical gift; purpose of anatomical...

§ 130A-412.14 - Search and notification. - 130A-412.14. Search and notification. A search of an individual who...

§ 130A-412.15 - Delivery of document of gift not required; right to examine. - 130A-412.15. Delivery of document of gift not required; right to...

§ 130A-412.16 - Rights and duties of procurement organization and others. - 130A-412.16. Rights and duties of procurement organization and others. (a)...

§ 130A-412.17 - Coordination of procurement and use. - 130A-412.17. Coordination of procurement and use. Each hospital in this...

§ 130A-412.18 - Sale or purchase of body parts prohibited. - 130A-412.18. Sale or purchase of body parts prohibited. (a) Except...

§ 130A-412.19 - Other prohibited acts. - 130A-412.19. Other prohibited acts. A person that, in order to...

§ 130A-412.20 - Immunity. - 130A-412.20. Immunity. (a) A person that acts with due care...

§ 130A-412.21 - Law governing validity; choice of law as to execution of document of gift; presumption of validity. - 130A-412.21. Law governing validity; choice of law as to execution...

§ 130A-412.22 - Donor registry. - 130A-412.22. Donor registry. The online Organ Donor Registry Internet site...

§ 130A-412.23 - Cooperation between a medical examiner and the procurement organization. - 130A-412.23. Cooperation between a medical examiner and the procurement organization....

§ 130A-412.24 - Facilitation of anatomical gift from decedent whose body is under the jurisdiction of a medical examiner. - 130A-412.24. Facilitation of anatomical gift from decedent whose body is...

§ 130A-412.30 - Use of tissue declared a service; standard of care; burden of proof. - 130A-412.30. Use of tissue declared a service; standard of care;...

§ 130A-412.31 - Giving of blood by persons 16 years of age or more. - 130A-412.31. Giving of blood by persons 16 years of age...

§ 130A-412.32 - Duty of hospitals to establish organ procurement protocols. - 130A-412.32. Duty of hospitals to establish organ procurement protocols. (a)...

§ 130A-412.33 - Duty of designated organ procurement organizations and tissue banks. - 130A-412.33. Duty of designated organ procurement organizations and tissue banks....

§ 130A-413 - Coordinated human tissue donation program; legislative findings and purpose; program established. - 130A-413. Coordinated human tissue donation program; legislative findings and purpose;...

§ 130A-414.1 - Legislative findings and declaration of policy. - 130A-414.1. Legislative findings and declaration of policy. The General Assembly...

§ 130A-414.2 - Definitions. - 130A-414.2. Definitions. The following definitions apply in this Part: (1)...

§ 130A-414.3 - Organ transplant discrimination on the basis of disability prohibited. - 130A-414.3. Organ transplant discrimination on the basis of disability prohibited....

§ 130A-414.10 - Enforcement. - 130A-414.10. Enforcement. (a) Whenever it appears that a covered entity...

§ 130A-415 - Unclaimed bodies; bodies claimed by the Lifeguardianship Council of The Arc of North Carolina, Inc.; disposition. - 130A-415. Unclaimed bodies; bodies claimed by the Lifeguardianship Council of...

§ 130A-416 - Commission of Anatomy rules. - 130A-416. Commission of Anatomy rules. The Commission of Anatomy is...

§ 130A-417 - Definitions. - 130A-417. Definitions. The following definitions shall apply throughout this Part:...

§ 130A-418 - Deceased migrant agricultural workers and their dependents. - 130A-418. Deceased migrant agricultural workers and their dependents. (a) Notwithstanding...

§ 130A-420 - Authority to dispose of body or body parts. - 130A-420. Authority to dispose of body or body parts. (a)...

§ 130A-421 - Parental consent to disposition of fetal remains. - 130A-421. Parental consent to disposition of fetal remains. In every...

Article 17 - Childhood Vaccine-Related Injury Compensation Program.

§ 130A-422 - Definitions. - 130A-422. Definitions. The following definitions apply throughout this Article, unless...

§ 130A-423 - North Carolina Childhood Vaccine-Related Injury Compensation Program; exclusive remedy; relationship to federal law; subrogation. - 130A-423. North Carolina Childhood Vaccine-Related Injury Compensation Program; exclusive remedy;...

§ 130A-424 - Industrial Commission authorized to hear and determine claims; damages. - 130A-424. Industrial Commission authorized to hear and determine claims; damages....

§ 130A-425 - Filing of claims. - 130A-425. Filing of claims. (a) Notwithstanding any other provision of...

§ 130A-426 - Determination of claims. - 130A-426. Determination of claims. (a) The Commission shall determine, on...

§ 130A-427 - Commission awards for vaccine-related injuries; duties of Secretary. - 130A-427. Commission awards for vaccine-related injuries; duties of Secretary. (a)...

§ 130A-428 - Notice of determination of claim; appeal to full commission. - 130A-428. Notice of determination of claim; appeal to full commission....

§ 130A-429 - Limitation on claims. - 130A-429. Limitation on claims. (a) Except as provided in subsection...

§ 130A-430 - Right of State to bring action against health care provider and manufacturer. - 130A-430. Right of State to bring action against health care...

§ 130A-431 - Certain vaccine diversions made felony. - 130A-431. Certain vaccine diversions made felony. Any person who (i)...

§ 130A-432 - Scope. - 130A-432. Scope. This Article applies to all claims for vaccine-related...

§ 130A-433 - Contracts for purchase of vaccines; distribution; fee; rules. - 130A-433. Contracts for purchase of vaccines; distribution; fee; rules. (a)...

§ 130A-434 - Child Vaccine Injury Compensation Fund established; payments from Fund; transfer of appropriations and receipts. - 130A-434. Child Vaccine Injury Compensation Fund established; payments from Fund;...

Article 18 - Health Assessments for Children in the Public Schools.

§ 130A-440 - (Applicable to children enrolling in the public schools for the first time before the 2016-2017 school year) Health assessment required. - 130A-440. (Applicable to children enrolling in the public schools for...

§ 130A-440.1 - Early Childhood Vision Care. - 130A-440.1. Early Childhood Vision Care. (a) Vision Screening Required for...

§ 130A-441 - (Applicable to children enrolling in the public schools for the first time before the 2016-2017 school year) Reporting. - 130A-441. (Applicable to children enrolling in the public schools for...

§ 130A-442 - Religious exemption. - 130A-442. Religious exemption. If the bona fide religious beliefs of...

§ 130A-443 - Rules. - 130A-443. Rules. Rules governing the contents for health assessment reports,...

Article 19 - Asbestos Hazard Management.

§ 130A-444 - Definitions. - 130A-444. Definitions. Unless a different meaning is required by the...

§ 130A-445 - Management of asbestos containing material in schools. - 130A-445. Management of asbestos containing material in schools. All school...

§ 130A-446 - Asbestos exposure standard for public areas. - 130A-446. Asbestos exposure standard for public areas. The Commission shall...

§ 130A-447 - Accreditation of persons performing asbestos management and approval of training courses. - 130A-447. Accreditation of persons performing asbestos management and approval of...

§ 130A-448 - Asbestos management accreditation fees and course approval fees. - 130A-448. Asbestos management accreditation fees and course approval fees. (a)...

§ 130A-449 - Asbestos containing material removal permits. - 130A-449. Asbestos containing material removal permits. No person shall engage...

§ 130A-450 - Asbestos containing material removal permit fees. - 130A-450. Asbestos containing material removal permit fees. An applicant for...

§ 130A-451 - Commission to adopt rules. - 130A-451. Commission to adopt rules. For the protection of the...

§ 130A-452 - Local air pollution control programs. - 130A-452. Local air pollution control programs. (a) The Department may...

Article 19A - Lead-Based Paint Hazard Management Program

§ 130A-453.01 - Definitions. - 130A-453.01. Definitions. Unless otherwise required by the context, the definitions...

§ 130A-453.02 - Purpose of Article. - 130A-453.02. Purpose of Article. (a) This Article is enacted to...

§ 130A-453.03 - Certification of individuals who perform inspections, risk assessments, or abatements. - 130A-453.03. Certification of individuals who perform inspections, risk assessments, or...

§ 130A-453.04 - Certification and other requirements of firms that perform inspections, risk assessments, or abatements. - 130A-453.04. Certification and other requirements of firms that perform inspections,...

§ 130A-453.05 - Qualifications for certification of individuals and firms. - 130A-453.05. Qualifications for certification of individuals and firms. To be...

§ 130A-453.06 - Renewal of certification. - 130A-453.06. Renewal of certification. A certification of an individual or...

§ 130A-453.07 - Accreditation of training courses and training providers. - 130A-453.07. Accreditation of training courses and training providers. Completion of...

§ 130A-453.08 - Certification and accreditation fee schedule. - 130A-453.08. Certification and accreditation fee schedule. (a) The Commission shall...

§ 130A-453.09 - Abatement permits. - 130A-453.09. Abatement permits. (a) Requirement. - No person shall conduct...

§ 130A-453.10 - Standards to ensure elimination of hazards; consumer information. - 130A-453.10. Standards to ensure elimination of hazards; consumer information. (a)...

§ 130A-453.11 - Commission to adopt rules. - 130A-453.11. Commission to adopt rules. The Commission shall adopt rules...

Article 19B - Certification and Accreditation of Lead Based Paint Renovation Activities.

§ 130A-453.22 - Definitions. - 130A-453.22. Definitions. (a) Except as provided in subsection (b) of...

§ 130A-453.23 - Purpose. - 130A-453.23. Purpose. (a) This Article is enacted to establish an...

§ 130A-453.24 - Certification of individuals and firms that perform renovations, cleaning verification, and dust clearance sampling. - 130A-453.24. Certification of individuals and firms that perform renovations, cleaning...

§ 130A-453.25 - Renewals of certification. - 130A-453.25. Renewals of certification. (a) Certification as a renovation firm...

§ 130A-453.26 - Accreditation of training courses and training providers. - 130A-453.26. Accreditation of training courses and training providers. (a) No...

§ 130A-453.27 - Certification and accreditation fee schedule. - 130A-453.27. Certification and accreditation fee schedule. (a) The Department shall...

§ 130A-453.28 - Work practices and responsibilities of renovation firms, renovators, and dust sampling technicians. - 130A-453.28. Work practices and responsibilities of renovation firms, renovators, and...

§ 130A-453.29 - Record retention, information distribution, and reporting requirements. - 130A-453.29. Record retention, information distribution, and reporting requirements. The Commission...

§ 130A-453.30 - Exemptions from renovation, repair, and painting requirements. - 130A-453.30. Exemptions from renovation, repair, and painting requirements. The Commission...

§ 130A-453.31 - Commission to adopt rules. - 130A-453.31. Commission to adopt rules. The Commission shall adopt rules...

Article 20 - Occupational Health.

§ 130A-455 - Reportable diseases, illnesses, and injuries. - 130A-455. Reportable diseases, illnesses, and injuries. The Commission shall adopt...

§ 130A-456 - Physicians to report. - 130A-456. Physicians to report. A physician licensed to practice medicine...

§ 130A-457 - Medical facilities to report. - 130A-457. Medical facilities to report. A medical facility in which...

§ 130A-458 - Persons in charge of laboratories to report. - 130A-458. Persons in charge of laboratories to report. A person...

§ 130A-459 - Immunity of persons who report. - 130A-459. Immunity of persons who report. A person who in...

§ 130A-460 - Report to Department of Labor. - 130A-460. Report to Department of Labor. (a) Each report to...

Article 21 - Advance Health Care Directive Registry.

§ 130A-465 - Advance Health Care Directive Registry establishment. - 130A-465. Advance Health Care Directive Registry establishment. The Secretary of...

§ 130A-466 - Filing requirements. - 130A-466. Filing requirements. (a) A person may submit any of...

§ 130A-467 - Validity of unregistered documents. - 130A-467. Validity of unregistered documents. Failure to register a document...

§ 130A-468 - Filing of documents with the registry. - 130A-468. Filing of documents with the registry. (a) When the...

§ 130A-469 - Disclosure of information contained in the registry. - 130A-469. Disclosure of information contained in the registry. The registry...

§ 130A-470 - Fees for using the registry; other funds for the registry. - 130A-470. Fees for using the registry; other funds for the...

§ 130A-471 - Limitation of liability. - 130A-471. Limitation of liability. The State of North Carolina, the...

Article 22 - A Terrorist Incident Using Nuclear, Biological, or Chemical Agents.

§ 130A-475 - Suspected terrorist attack. - 130A-475. Suspected terrorist attack. (a) If the State Health Director...

§ 130A-476 - Access to health information. - 130A-476. Access to health information. (a) Notwithstanding any other provision...

§ 130A-477 - Abatement of public health threat. - 130A-477. Abatement of public health threat. If it is determined...

§ 130A-478 - Tort liability. - 130A-478. Tort liability. Article 31 of Chapter 143 applies to...

§ 130A-479 - Biological agents registry; rules; penalties. - 130A-479. Biological agents registry; rules; penalties. (a) The Department shall...

§ 130A-480 - Emergency department data reporting. - 130A-480. Emergency department data reporting. (a) For the purpose of...

§ 130A-481 - Food defense. - 130A-481. Food defense. The Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services,...

§ 130A-485 - Vaccination program established; definitions. - 130A-485. Vaccination program established; definitions. (a) The Department and local...

Article 23 - Smoking in Public Places.

§ 130A-491 - Legislative findings and intent. - 130A-491. Legislative findings and intent. (a) Findings. - The General...

§ 130A-492 - Definitions. - 130A-492. Definitions. The following definitions apply in this Article: (1)...

§ 130A-493 - Smoking prohibited in State government buildings and State vehicles. - 130A-493. Smoking prohibited in State government buildings and State vehicles....

§ 130A-494 - Other prohibitions. - 130A-494. Other prohibitions. Nothing in this Article repeals any other...

§ 130A-495 - Rules. - 130A-495. Rules. The Commission shall adopt rules to implement this...

§ 130A-496 - Smoking prohibited in restaurants and bars. - 130A-496. Smoking prohibited in restaurants and bars. (a) Notwithstanding Article...

§ 130A-497 - Implementation and enforcement. - 130A-497. Implementation and enforcement. (a) A person who manages, operates,...

§ 130A-498 - Local governments may restrict smoking in public places. - 130A-498. Local governments may restrict smoking in public places. (a)...

<< Previous

Next >>

North Carolina General Statutes Chapter 130A - Public Health

North Carolina General Statutes
Chapter 130A - Public Health