Sec. 451.
(1) The articles of incorporation of a corporation that is organized on a stock or membership basis may provide that a shareholder or member that is entitled to vote at an election for directors may vote, in person, by proxy, or by ballot as provided in section 408 or 409, for as many individuals as there are directors to be elected and for whose election the shareholder or member has a right to vote, or to cumulate votes by giving 1 candidate as many votes as the number of directors to be elected multiplied by the number of votes held by the shareholder or member, or by distributing the votes of the shareholder or member on the same principle among any number of the candidates.
(2) The articles of incorporation of a corporation that is organized on a directorship basis may provide that a person that is entitled to vote at an election for directors may vote, in person, by proxy, or by electronic transmission, for as many individuals as there are directors to be elected and for whose election the person has a right to vote, or to cumulate votes by giving 1 candidate as many votes and the number of directors to be elected multiplied by the number of votes held by the person, or by distributing the votes of the person on the same principle among any number of the candidates.
History: 1982, Act 162, Eff. Jan. 1, 1983 ;-- Am. 2008, Act 9, Imd. Eff. Feb. 29, 2008 ;-- Am. 2014, Act 557, Imd. Eff. Jan. 15, 2015
Structure Michigan Compiled Laws
Act 162 of 1982 - Nonprofit Corporation Act (450.2101 - 450.3192)
162-1982-4 - Chapter 4 (450.2401...450.2497)
Section 450.2401 - Meetings of Shareholders or Members; Location.
Section 450.2403 - Special Meeting of Shareholders or Members; Court Order; Quorum.
Section 450.2406a - Notice by Electronic Transmission.
Section 450.2411 - Repealed. 2014, Act 557, Imd. Eff. Jan. 15, 2015.
Section 450.2412 - Record Date.
Section 450.2422 - Irrevocable Proxy.
Section 450.2423 - Revocability of Proxy.
Section 450.2441 - Voting Generally.
Section 450.2442 - Voting as Class.
Section 450.2444 - Voting by Corporation or Business Corporation; Voting of Pledged Shares.
Section 450.2446 - Voting of Shares or Membership Held by Joint Tenants or Tenants in Common.
Section 450.2447 - Repealed. 2014, Act 557, Imd. Eff. Jan. 15, 2015.
Section 450.2448 - Redemption of Shares; Voting.
Section 450.2451 - Voting for Directors.
Section 450.2461 - Agreement as to Voting Rights.
Section 450.2468 - Extension of Voting Trust Agreement.
Section 450.2471 - Shares as Personal Property; Transfer; Applicability of MCL 440.8101 to 440.8601.
Section 450.2472 - Transfer or Registration of Bond, Share, or Membership; Written Restriction.
Section 450.2481 - Repealed. 2014, Act 557, Imd. Eff. Jan. 15, 2015.
Section 450.2485 - Books, Records, and Minutes.
Section 450.2488 - Agreement Among Members of Corporation.
Section 450.2491 - Repealed. 2014, Act 557, Imd. Eff. Jan. 15, 2015.
Section 450.2491a - Definitions.
Section 450.2492 - Repealed. 2014, Act 557, Imd. Eff. Jan. 15, 2015.
Section 450.2492a - Derivate Proceeding; Criteria to Be Met by Shareholder or Member.
Section 450.2493 - Repealed. 2014, Act 557, Imd. Eff. Jan. 15, 2015.
Section 450.2493a - Derivative Proceeding; Commencement.
Section 450.2494 - Derivative Proceeding; Investigation; Issuance of Stay.
Section 450.2495 - Derivative Proceeding; Dismissal.
Section 450.2496 - Derivative Proceeding; Discontinuance or Settlement; Court Approval Required.