Sec. 406. (a) A bank that sends or makes available to a customer a statement of account showing payment of items for the account shall either return or make available to the customer the items paid or provide information in the statement of account sufficient to allow the customer reasonably to identify the items paid. The statement of account provides sufficient information if the item is described by item number, amount, and date of payment.
(b) If the items are not returned to the customer, the person retaining the items shall either retain the items or, if the items are destroyed, maintain the capacity to furnish legible copies of the items until the expiration of seven (7) years after receipt of the items. A customer may request an item from the bank that paid the item, and that bank must provide in a reasonable time either the item or, if the item has been destroyed or is not otherwise obtainable, a legible copy of the item.
(c) If a bank sends or makes available a statement of account or items under subsection (a), the customer must exercise reasonable promptness in examining the statement or the items to determine whether any payment was not authorized because of an alteration of an item or because a purported signature by or on behalf of the customer was not authorized. If, based on the statement or items provided, the customer should reasonably have discovered the unauthorized payment, the customer must promptly notify the bank of the relevant facts.
(d) If the bank proves that the customer failed, with respect to an item, to comply with the duties imposed on the customer by subsection (c) the customer is precluded from asserting against the bank:
(1) the customer's unauthorized signature or any alteration on the item, if the bank also proves that it suffered a loss by reason of the failure; and
(2) the customer's unauthorized signature or alteration by the same wrongdoer on any other item paid in good faith by the bank if the payment was made before the bank received notice from the customer of the unauthorized signature or alteration and after the customer had been afforded a reasonable period of time, not exceeding thirty (30) days, in which to examine the item or statement of account and notify the bank.
(e) If subsection (d) applies and the customer proves that the bank failed to exercise ordinary care in paying the item and that the failure substantially contributed to loss, the loss is allocated between the customer precluded and the bank asserting the preclusion according to the extent to which the failure of the customer to comply with subsection (c) and the failure of the bank to exercise ordinary care contributed to the loss. If the customer proves that the bank did not pay the item in good faith, the preclusion under subsection (d) does not apply.
(f) Without regard to care or lack of care of either the customer or the bank, a customer who does not within one (1) year after the statement or items are made available to the customer (subsection (a)) discover and report the customer's unauthorized signature on or any alteration on the item is precluded from asserting against the bank the unauthorized signature or alteration. If there is a preclusion under this subsection, the payor bank may not recover for breach of warranty under IC 26-1-4-208 with respect to the unauthorized signature or alteration to which the preclusion applies.
Formerly: Acts 1963, c.317, s.4-406. As amended by P.L.222-1993, SEC.40.
Structure Indiana Code
Article 1. Uniform Commercial Code
Chapter 4. Bank Deposits and Collections
26-1-4-102.5. Application of Bank Provisions to Supervised Financial Organizations
26-1-4-103. Variation by Agreement; Measure of Damages; Action Constituting Ordinary Care
26-1-4-104. Definitions and Index of Definitions
26-1-4-106. Payable Through or Payable at Bank; Collecting Bank
26-1-4-107. Separate Office of Bank
26-1-4-108. Time of Receipt of Items
26-1-4-110. Electronic Presentment
26-1-4-111. Statute of Limitations
26-1-4-202. Responsibility for Collection or Return; When Action Timely
26-1-4-203. Effect of Instructions
26-1-4-204. Methods of Sending and Presenting; Sending Directly to Payor Bank
26-1-4-205. Depositary Bank Holder of Unendorsed Items
26-1-4-206. Transfer Between Banks
26-1-4-207. Transfer Warranties
26-1-4-208. Presentment Warranties
26-1-4-209. Encoding and Retention Warranties
26-1-4-210. Security Interest of Collecting Bank in Items, Accompanying Documents, and Proceeds
26-1-4-211. When Bank Gives Value for Purposes of Holder in Due Course
26-1-4-213. Medium and Time of Settlement by Bank
26-1-4-214. Right of Charge-Back or Refund; Liability of Collecting Bank; Return of Item
26-1-4-216. Insolvency and Preference
26-1-4-302. Payor Bank's Responsibility for Late Return of Item
26-1-4-401. When Bank May Charge Customer's Account
26-1-4-403. Customer's Right to Stop Payment; Burden of Proof of Loss
26-1-4-404. Bank Not Obligated to Pay Check More Than Six Months Old
26-1-4-405. Death or Incompetence of Customer
26-1-4-406. Customer's Duty to Discover and Report Unauthorized Signature or Alteration
26-1-4-407. Payor Bank's Right to Subrogation on Improper Payment
26-1-4-502. Presentment of "On Arrival" Drafts
26-1-4-504. Privilege of Presenting Bank to Deal With Goods; Security Interest for Expenses