§663-1.56 Conclusive presumptions relating to duty of public entities to warn of dangers at public beach parks. (a) The State or county operating a public beach park shall have a duty to warn the public specifically of dangerous shorebreak or strong current in the ocean adjacent to a public beach park if these conditions are extremely dangerous, typical for the specific beach, and if they pose a risk of serious injury or death.
(b) A sign or signs warning of dangerous shorebreak or strong current shall be conclusively presumed to be legally adequate to warn of these dangerous conditions, if the State or county posts a sign or signs warning of the dangerous shorebreak or strong current and the design and placement of the warning sign or signs has been approved by the chairperson of the board of land and natural resources. The chairperson shall consult the governor's task force on beach and water safety prior to approving the design and placement of the warning sign or signs.
(c) A sign or signs warning of other extremely dangerous natural conditions in the ocean adjacent to a public beach park shall be conclusively presumed to be legally adequate to warn of the dangerous natural conditions, if the State or county posts a sign or signs warning of the extremely dangerous natural condition and the design and placement of the sign or signs have been approved by the chairperson of the board of land and natural resources. The chairperson shall consult the task force on beach and water safety prior to issuing an approval of the design and placement of a warning sign or signs pursuant to this section.
(d) The State or county operating a public beach park may submit a comprehensive plan for warning of dangerous natural conditions in the ocean adjacent to a public beach park to the chairperson of the board of land and natural resources who shall review the plan for adequacy of the warning as well as the design and placement of the warning signs, devices, or systems. The chairperson shall consult with the task force on beach and water safety prior to issuing an approval of the plan. The task force on beach and water safety may seek public comment on the plan. In the event that the chairperson approves the plan for the particular beach park after consulting with the task force and the State or county posts the warnings provided for in the approved plan, then the warning signs, devices, or systems shall be conclusively presumed to be legally adequate to warn for all dangerous natural conditions in the ocean adjacent to the public beach park.
(e) Neither the State nor a county shall have a duty to warn on beach accesses, coastal accesses, or in areas that are not public beach parks of dangerous natural conditions in the ocean.
(f) Neither the State nor any county shall have a duty to warn of dangerous natural conditions in the ocean other than as provided in this section.
(g) In the event that a warning sign, device, or system posted or established in accordance with this section is vandalized, otherwise removed, or made illegible, the conclusive presumption provided by this section shall continue for a period of five days from the date that the vandalism, removal, or illegibility is discovered by the State or county. The State or county operating a public beach park shall maintain a record regarding each report of vandalism, removal, or illegibility that results in the replacement of a warning sign, device, or system at a State or county public beach park. The record shall include the date and time of the reporting and the replacement of the warning sign, device, or system. The State and county shall provide a copy of the record annually to the chairperson of the board of land and natural resources and the task force on beach and water safety.
(h) The chairperson shall consider the needs of the public to be warned of potentially dangerous conditions in the ocean adjacent to a public beach park prior to issuing an approval for the design and placement of a warning sign or a comprehensive plan. The chairperson may require warning devices or systems in addition to the signing before approving the design and placement of a warning sign or a comprehensive plan. The approval of the design and placement of a warning sign, device, system or comprehensive plan provided in this section shall be a discretionary decision under chapter 662.
(i) Chapter 91 shall not apply to any process, including any action taken by the chairperson, established or made pursuant to this section.
(j) Nothing in this section shall be construed to have an impact upon governmental liability for the performance of rescue services or duties and responsibilities of lifeguards other than the duty to warn as set forth in this section. [L 1996, c 190, § §2, 7; am L 1999, c 101, §2; am L 2002, c 170, §2; am L 2007, c 152, §3]
Revision Note
In subsection (i), "Hawaii Revised Statutes," deleted pursuant to §23G-15.
Structure Hawaii Revised Statutes
Title 36. Civil Remedies and Defenses and Special Proceedings
663-1 Torts, who may sue and for what.
663-1.2 Tort liability for breach of contract; punitive damages.
663-1.3 "Ad damnum" clause prohibited.
663-1.4 Payment of reasonable attorney's fees and costs in defense of suit.
663-1.5 Exception to liability.
663-1.8 Chiropractic society; peer review committee; no liability; exceptions.
663-1.53 Liability for operation of a family child care home.
663-1.55 Volunteer firefighters; limited liability.
663-2 Defense of lawful detention.
663-4 Actions which survive death of wrongdoer or other person liable.
663-5 Death of defendant, continuance of action.
663-7 Survival of cause of action.
663-8 Damages, future earnings.
663-8.3 Loss or impairment of earning capacity; damages.
663-8.5 Noneconomic damages; defined.
663-8.7 Limitation on pain and suffering.
663-9 Liability of animal owners.
663-9.1 Exception of animal owners to civil liability.
663-9.5 Liability of firearm owners.
663-10 Collateral sources; protection for liens and rights of subrogation.
663-10.6 Exemption for providing shelter and subsistence to the needy.
663-10.9 Abolition of joint and several liability; exceptions.
663-10.95 Motorsports facilities; waiver of liability.
663-10.98 Design professional liability; highways.
663-10.99 Trespass; limited liability of agricultural land owner.
663-11 Joint tortfeasors defined.
663-12 Right of contribution; accrual; pro rata share.
663-13 Judgment against one tortfeasor.
663-15.5 Release; joint tortfeasors; co-obligors; good faith settlement.
663-21 Advance payments not admission.