Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations
Chapter 426 - Consumer transactions — administration.
426.104 - Powers of administrator; duty to report.

426.104 Powers of administrator; duty to report.
(1) In addition to other powers granted by chs. 421 to 427 and 429, the administrator within the limitations provided by law shall:
(a) Receive and act on complaints, take action designed to obtain voluntary compliance with chs. 421 to 427 and 429, commence administrative proceedings on his or her own initiative and commence civil actions solely through the department of justice;
(b) Counsel persons and groups on their rights and duties under chs. 421 to 427 and 429;
(c) Make studies appropriate to effectuate the purposes and policies of chs. 421 to 427 and 429 and make the results available to the public;
(d) Hold such public or private hearings as the administrator deems necessary or proper to effectuate the purposes and policies of chs. 421 to 427 and 429;
(e) Adopt, amend and repeal rules to carry out the purposes and policies of chs. 421 to 427 and 429, to prevent circumvention or evasion thereof, or to facilitate compliance therewith.
(2) The administrator shall report annually on practices in consumer transactions, on the use of consumer credit in the state, on problems attending the collection of debts, on the problems of persons of limited means in consumer transactions, and on the operation of chs. 421 to 427 and 429. For the purpose of making the report, the administrator may conduct research and make appropriate studies. The report shall be given to the division of banking for inclusion in the report of the division of banking under s. 220.14 and shall include:
(a) A description of the examination and investigation procedures and policies of the administrator's office;
(b) A statement of policies followed in deciding whether to investigate or examine the offices of persons subject to chs. 421 to 427 and 429;
(c) A statement of policies followed in deciding whether to bring any action authorized under chs. 421 to 427 and 429;
(d) Such recommendations for modifications or additions to chs. 421 to 427 and 429 as in the experience and judgment of the administrator are necessary; and
(e) Such other statements as are necessary or proper to achieve the purposes or policies of this section or to effectuate the purposes or policies of chs. 421 to 427 and 429.
(3) The administrator shall make available upon request a list of all persons against whom complaints have been filed and the results of all investigations completed or not being actively pursued along with a brief description of the facts of each case and the action taken in each.
(4)
(a) No provision of chs. 421 to 427 and 429 or of any statute to which chs. 421 to 427 and 429 refer which imposes any penalty shall apply to any act done or omitted to be done in conformity with any rule or order of the administrator or any written opinion, interpretation or statement of the administrator, notwithstanding that such rule, order, opinion, interpretation or statement may, after such act or omission, be amended or rescinded or be determined by judicial or other authority to be invalid for any reason.
(ab)
1. Upon the request of any person, the administrator shall review any act, practice, procedure or form that has been submitted to the administrator in writing to determine whether the act, practice, procedure or form is consistent with chs. 421 to 427 and 429.
2. The administrator may charge the person making a request under subd. 1. for necessary expenses incurred in conducting the review, except the administrator may not charge any of the following persons:
a. A person registered under s. 426.201.
b. A trade organization, if a majority of the members of the trade organization are registered under s. 426.201.
3. Any charge assessed under subd. 2. shall be paid within 30 days after the date on which the administrator assesses the charge.
(b) Any act, practice or procedure which has been submitted to the administrator in writing and either approved in writing by the administrator or not disapproved by the administrator within 60 days after its submission to the administrator shall not be deemed to be a violation of chs. 421 to 427 and 429 or any other statute to which chs. 421 to 427 and 429 refer notwithstanding that the approval of the administrator or nondisapproval by the administrator may be subsequently amended or rescinded or be determined by judicial or other authority to be invalid for any reason.
History: 1971 c. 239; 1977 c. 196 s. 131; 1979 c. 89; 1983 a. 524; 1985 a. 256; 1991 a. 316; 1995 a. 27, 216, 329; 1997 a. 35.
Sub. (4) (b) creates a safe harbor for people who act in ways approved by the Administrator of the Department of Financial Institutions (DFI) — and treats the absence of a response within 60 days of a request as equivalent to approval. The debt collectors in this case sent the administrator a letter asking if they are entitled to add five percent interest to debts created by the provision of medical services under s. 138.04, the administrator requested further information, which the debt collectors provided, and DFI did not reply. Thus, when the defendants sent letters demanding payment, they were entitled to demand payment of both the principal amounts and interest under s. 138.04. Aker v. Americollect, Inc., 854 F.3d 397 (2017).
Sub. (4) (b) is not about deference. It is a safe harbor, providing that the practices presented to the administrator for opinion “shall not be deemed to be a violation" of other state laws, unless the administrator later announces a different view or a court holds the administrator's position to be invalid. Aker v. Americollect, Inc., 854 F.3d 397 (2017).
Though the text of sub. (4) (b) does not explicitly state that safe harbor approvals under sub. (4) (b) are individualized determinations, the case law suggests that the approvals are discrete permissions rather than broadly applicable decisions that carry the force of precedent. Defendants cannot simply rely on another law firm's request for the safe harbor to protect their actions retroactively. Boerner v. LVNV Funding LLC, 358 F. Supp. 3d 767 (2019).
Power and Duties of Administrator Under the WCA. Mildenberg. WBB Feb. 1973.