Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations
Chapter 108 - Unemployment insurance and reserves.
108.09 - Settlement of benefit claims.

108.09 Settlement of benefit claims.
(1) Filing. Claims for benefits shall be filed pursuant to department rules. Each employer that is notified of a benefit claim shall promptly inform the department in writing as to any eligibility question in objection to such claim together with the reasons for the objection. The department may also obtain information from the employee concerning the employee's eligibility, employment or wages.
(2) Computation and determination.
(a) The department shall promptly issue a computation setting forth the employee's potential benefit rights based on reports filed by an employer or employers under s. 108.205, or on the employee's statement and any other information then available. The results of the computation, a recomputation, or pertinent portion of either, shall be delivered electronically to, or mailed to the last-known address of, each party. The department may recompute an employee's potential benefit rights at any time on the basis of subsequent information or to correct a mistake, including an error of law, except that a party's failure to make specific written objection, received by the department within 14 days after the electronic delivery or mailing, as to a computation or recomputation is a waiver by such party of any objection thereto. Any objections to a computation that are not satisfactorily resolved by recomputation shall be resolved by a determination under par. (b).
(b) The department shall issue determinations whenever necessary to resolve any matters that may bar, suspend, terminate or otherwise affect the employee's eligibility for benefits or to resolve any liability for penalties under s. 108.04 (11) (bh).
(bm) In determining whether an individual meets the conditions specified in s. 108.02 (12) (bm) 2. b. or c. or (c) 1., the department shall not consider documents granting operating authority or licenses, or any state or federal laws or federal regulations granting such authority or licenses.
(c) Unless a party has filed a timely request for hearing as to the determination, the department may set aside or amend a determination within 2 years of the date of the determination on the basis of subsequent information or to correct a mistake, including an error of law. Unless a party has filed a timely request for hearing as to the determination, the department may set aside or amend a determination at any time if the department finds that:
1. Fraud or concealment occurred; or
2. The benefits paid or payable to a claimant have been affected by wages earned by the claimant which have not been paid, and the department is provided with notice from the appropriate state or federal court or agency that a wage claim for those wages will not be paid in whole or in part.
(d) A copy of each determination shall be delivered electronically to, or mailed to the last-known address of, each party, except that a party's copy of any determination may be given to such party instead of being electronically delivered or mailed.
(2r) Hearing request. Any party to a determination may request a hearing as to any matter in that determination if the request is made in accordance with the procedure prescribed by the department and is received by an appeal tribunal or postmarked within 14 days after a copy of the determination was delivered electronically, mailed, or given to the party, whichever first occurs.
(3) Appeal tribunals.
(a)
1. To hear and decide disputed claims or to resolve liabilities under sub. (2) (b), the department shall establish appeal tribunals. Except as authorized in this paragraph, each tribunal shall consist of an individual who is a permanent employee of the department.
2. The department may appoint an individual who is not a permanent employee of the department to serve as a temporary reserve appeal tribunal. An individual who is appointed to serve as a temporary reserve appeal tribunal shall be an attorney who is licensed to practice in this state.
3. Upon request of a party to an appeal or upon its own motion, the department may appoint an individual who is not a permanent employee of the department to hear an appeal in which the department or an employee or former employee of the department is an interested party. No individual may hear any appeal in which the individual is a directly interested party.
(b) Consistently with applicable state and federal law, the appeal tribunal may affirm, reverse or modify the initial determination of the department or set aside the determination and remand the matter to the department for further proceedings, or may remand to the department for consideration of any issue not previously investigated by the department.
(4) Appeals.
(a) Opportunity to be heard. Unless the request for a hearing is withdrawn, each of the parties shall be afforded reasonable opportunity to be heard, and the claim thus disputed shall be promptly decided by such appeal tribunal as the department designates or establishes for this purpose.
(b) Scheduling of hearing. At the discretion of the department or the appeal tribunal the hearing may be held in more than one location and may be continued, adjourned or postponed from time to time.
(c) Late appeal. If a party files an appeal that is not timely, an appeal tribunal shall review the appellant's written reasons for filing the late appeal. If those reasons, when taken as true and construed most favorably to the appellant, do not constitute a reason beyond the appellant's control, the appeal tribunal may dismiss the appeal without a hearing and issue a decision accordingly. Otherwise, the department may schedule a hearing concerning the question of whether the appeal was filed late for a reason that was beyond the appellant's control. The department may also provisionally schedule a hearing concerning any matter in the determination being appealed. After hearing testimony on the late appeal question, the appeal tribunal shall issue a decision that makes ultimate findings of fact and conclusions of law concerning whether the appellant's appeal was filed late for a reason that was beyond the appellant's control and that, in accordance with those findings and conclusions, either dismisses the appeal or determines that the appeal was filed late for a reason that was beyond the appellant's control. If the appeal is not dismissed, the same or another appeal tribunal established by the department for this purpose, after conducting a hearing, shall then issue a decision under sub. (3) (b) concerning any matter in the determination.
(d) Appellant's failure to appear.
1. If the appellant fails to appear at a hearing held under this section and due notice of the hearing was electronically delivered to the appellant or mailed to the appellant's last-known address, the appeal tribunal shall issue a decision dismissing the request for hearing unless subd. 2. applies.
2. If the appellant submits to the appeal tribunal a written explanation for failing to appear at the hearing that is received before a decision is electronically delivered or mailed under subd. 1., an appeal tribunal shall review the appellant's explanation. The appeal tribunal shall electronically deliver or mail to the respondent a copy of the appellant's explanation. The respondent may, within 7 days after the appeal tribunal electronically delivers or mails the appellant's explanation to the respondent, submit to the appeal tribunal a written response to the appellant's explanation. If the appeal tribunal finds that the appellant's explanation does not establish good cause for failing to appear, the appeal tribunal shall issue a decision containing this finding and dismissing the appeal. Such a decision may be issued without a hearing. If the appeal tribunal finds that the appellant's explanation establishes good cause for failing to appear, the appeal tribunal shall issue a decision containing this finding, and such a decision may be issued without a hearing. The same or another appeal tribunal established by the department for this purpose shall then issue a decision under sub. (3) (b) after conducting a hearing concerning any matter in the determination. If such a hearing is held concerning any matter in the determination, the appeal tribunal shall only consider testimony and other evidence admitted at that hearing in making a decision.
3. If the appellant submits to the appeal tribunal a written explanation for failing to appear at the hearing that is received within 21 days after a decision is electronically delivered or mailed under subd. 1., an appeal tribunal shall review the appellant's explanation. The appeal tribunal shall electronically deliver or mail to the respondent a copy of the appellant's explanation. The respondent may, within 7 days after the appeal tribunal electronically delivers or mails the appellant's explanation to the respondent, submit to the appeal tribunal a written response to the appellant's explanation. If the appeal tribunal finds that the appellant's explanation does not establish good cause for failing to appear, the appeal tribunal shall issue a decision containing this finding, and such a decision may be issued without a hearing. If the appeal tribunal finds that the appellant's explanation establishes good cause for failing to appear, the appeal tribunal shall issue a decision containing this finding, and the decision may be issued without a hearing. The appeal tribunal shall then set aside the original decision and schedule a hearing concerning any matter in the determination. The same or another appeal tribunal established by the department for this purpose shall then issue a decision under sub. (3) (b) after conducting a hearing concerning any matter in the determination. If such a hearing is held concerning any matter in the determination, the appeal tribunal shall only consider the testimony and other evidence admitted at that hearing in making a decision.
(e) Respondent's failure to appear.
1. If the respondent fails to appear at a hearing held under this section but the appellant is present, and due notice of the hearing was electronically delivered to the respondent or mailed to the respondent's last-known address, the appeal tribunal shall hold the hearing. The appeal tribunal shall consider records and information already submitted to the department by the appellant and the respondent regarding the determination or the appeal, take the testimony of the appellant and any witnesses, and issue a decision under sub. (3) (b) unless subd. 2. applies.
2. If the respondent submits to the appeal tribunal a written explanation for failing to appear at the hearing that is received before a decision favorable to the respondent is electronically delivered or mailed under subd. 1., the appeal tribunal shall acknowledge receipt of the explanation in its decision but shall take no further action concerning the explanation at that time. If the respondent submits to the appeal tribunal a written explanation for failing to appear that is received before a decision unfavorable to the respondent is electronically delivered or mailed under subd. 1., an appeal tribunal shall review the respondent's explanation. The appeal tribunal shall electronically deliver or mail to the appellant a copy of the respondent's explanation. The appellant may, within 7 days after the appeal tribunal electronically delivers or mails the respondent's explanation to the appellant, submit to the appeal tribunal a written response to the respondent's explanation. If the appeal tribunal finds that the respondent's explanation does not establish good cause for failing to appear, the appeal tribunal shall issue a decision containing this finding, and such a decision may be issued without a hearing. The same or another appeal tribunal established by the department for this purpose shall also issue a decision based on the testimony and other evidence presented at the hearing at which the respondent failed to appear. If the appeal tribunal finds that the respondent's explanation establishes good cause for failing to appear, the appeal tribunal shall issue a decision containing this finding, and such a decision may be issued without a hearing. The same or another appeal tribunal established by the department for this purpose shall then issue a decision under sub. (3) (b) after conducting a hearing concerning any matter in the determination. If such a hearing is held concerning any matter in the determination, the appeal tribunal shall only consider testimony and other evidence admitted at that hearing in making a decision.
3. If the respondent submits to the appeal tribunal a written explanation for failing to appear at the hearing that is received within 21 days after a decision favorable to the respondent is electronically delivered or mailed under subd. 1., the appeal tribunal shall notify the respondent of receipt of the explanation and that since the decision was favorable to the respondent no further action concerning the explanation will be taken at that time. If the respondent submits to the appeal tribunal a written explanation for failing to appear that is received within 21 days after a decision unfavorable to the respondent is electronically delivered or mailed under subd. 1., an appeal tribunal shall review the respondent's explanation. The appeal tribunal shall electronically deliver or mail to the appellant a copy of the respondent's explanation. The appellant may, within 7 days after the appeal tribunal electronically delivers or mails the respondent's explanation to the appellant, submit to the appeal tribunal a written response to the respondent's explanation. If the appeal tribunal finds that the respondent's explanation does not establish good cause for failing to appear, the appeal tribunal shall issue a decision containing this finding, and such a decision may be issued without a hearing. If the appeal tribunal finds that the respondent's explanation establishes good cause for failing to appear, the appeal tribunal shall issue a decision containing this finding, and such a decision may be issued without a hearing. The appeal tribunal shall then set aside the original decision and schedule a hearing concerning any matter in the determination. The same or another appeal tribunal established by the department for this purpose shall then issue a decision under sub. (3) (b) after conducting a hearing concerning any matter in the determination. If such a hearing is held concerning any matter in the determination, the appeal tribunal shall only consider the testimony and other evidence admitted at that hearing in making a decision.
(f) Postdecision changes.
1. Within 21 days after its decision was electronically delivered or mailed to the parties, the appeal tribunal may, on its own motion, amend or set aside its decision and may thereafter make new findings and issue a decision on the basis of evidence previously submitted in such case, or the same or another appeal tribunal may make new findings and issue a decision after taking additional testimony.
2. Unless a party or the department has filed a timely petition for review of the appeal tribunal decision by the commission, the appeal tribunal may set aside or amend an appeal tribunal decision, or portion thereof, at any time if the appeal tribunal finds that:
a. A technical or clerical mistake has occurred; or
b. The benefits paid or payable to a claimant have been affected by wages earned by the claimant which have not been paid, and the appeal tribunal is provided with notice from the appropriate state or federal court or agency that a wage claim for those wages will not be paid in whole or in part.
3. Unless a party or the department has filed a timely petition for review of the appeal tribunal decision by the commission, the appeal tribunal may, within 2 years after the date of the decision, reopen its decision if it has reason to believe that a party offered false evidence or a witness gave false testimony on an issue material to its decision. Thereafter, and after receiving additional evidence or taking additional testimony, the same or another appeal tribunal may set aside its original decision, make new findings, and issue a decision.
(4m) Reports by experts. The contents of verified or certified reports by qualified experts presented by a party or the department constitute prima facie evidence as to the matter contained in the reports in any proceeding under this section, insofar as the reports are otherwise competent and relevant, subject to such rules and limitations as the department prescribes.
(4n) Employment data system reports. If the department maintains a database system consisting of occupational information and employment conditions data, and an employee of the department, including an individual who serves as an appeal tribunal, creates a report from the system, the report constitutes prima facie evidence as to the matters contained in the report in any proceeding under this section if:
(a) The department has provided to the parties an explanation of the system and the reports created from the system prior to admission of the report.
(b) The parties have been given the opportunity to review and object to the report, including the accuracy of any information used in creating the report, prior to its admission into evidence.
(c) The report sets forth all of the information used in creating the report.
(4o) Departmental records relating to benefit claims. In any hearing before an appeal tribunal under this section, a departmental record relating to a claim for benefits, other than a report specified in sub. (4m), constitutes prima facie evidence, and shall be admissible to prove, that an employer provided or failed to provide to the department complete and correct information in a fact-finding investigation of the claim, notwithstanding that the record or a statement contained in the record may be uncorroborated hearsay and may constitute the sole basis upon which issue of the employer's failure is decided, if the parties appearing at the hearing have been given an opportunity to review the record at or before the hearing and to rebut the information contained in the record. A record of the department that is admissible under this subsection shall be regarded as self authenticating and shall require no foundational or other testimony for its admissibility, unless the circumstances affirmatively indicate a lack of trustworthiness in the record. If such a record is admitted and made the basis of a decision, the record may constitute substantial evidence under sub. (7) (f). For purposes of this subsection, “departmental record" means a memorandum, report, record, document, or data compilation that has been made or maintained by employees of the department in the regular course of the department's fact-finding investigation of a benefit claim, is contained in the department's paper or electronic files of the benefit claim, and relates to the department's investigative inquiries to an employer or statements or other matters submitted by the employer or its agent in connection with the fact-finding investigation of a benefit claim. A departmental record may not be admitted into evidence under this subsection or otherwise used under this subsection for any purpose other than to prove whether an employer provided or failed to provide to the department complete and correct information in a fact-finding investigation of a claim.
(4s) Employee status. In determining whether an individual meets the conditions specified in s. 108.02 (12) (bm) 2. b. or c. or (c) 1., the appeal tribunal shall not take administrative notice of or admit into evidence documents granting operating authority or licenses, or any state or federal laws or federal regulations granting such authority or licenses.
(5) Procedure.
(a) Except as provided in s. 901.05, the manner in which claims shall be presented, the reports thereon required from the employee and from employers, and the conduct of hearings and appeals shall be governed by general department rules, whether or not they conform to common law or statutory rules of evidence and other technical rules of procedure, for determining the rights of the parties.
(b) All testimony at any hearing under this section shall be recorded by electronic means, but need not be transcribed unless either of the parties requests a transcript before expiration of that party's right to further appeal under this section and pays a fee to the commission in advance, the amount of which shall be established by rule of the commission. When the commission provides a transcript to one of the parties upon request, the commission shall also provide a copy of the transcript to all other parties free of charge. The transcript fee collected shall be paid to the administrative account.
(c) The department shall furnish a copy of the electronic recording to the parties upon payment of any fee required by the department by rule.
(d) In its review of the decision of an appeal tribunal, the commission shall use the electronic recording of the hearing or a written synopsis of the testimony or shall use a transcript of the hearing prepared under the direction of the department or commission and shall also use any other evidence taken at the hearing.
(6) Commission review.
(a) The department or any party may petition the commission for review of an appeal tribunal decision, pursuant to rules promulgated by the commission, if the petition is received by the commission or postmarked within 21 days after the appeal tribunal decision was electronically delivered to the party or mailed to the party's last-known address. The commission shall dismiss any petition if not timely filed unless the petitioner shows good cause that the reason for having failed to file the petition timely was beyond the control of the petitioner. If the petition is not dismissed, the commission may take action under par. (d).
(b) Within 28 days after a decision of the commission is electronically delivered or mailed to the parties, the commission may, on its own motion, set aside the decision for further consideration and take action under par. (d).
(c) On its own motion, for reasons it deems sufficient, the commission may set aside any final determination of the department or appeal tribunal or commission decision within 2 years after the date thereof upon grounds of mistake or newly discovered evidence, and take action under par. (d). The commission may set aside any final determination of the department or any decision of an appeal tribunal or of the commission at any time, and take action under par. (d), if the benefits paid or payable to a claimant have been affected by wages earned by the claimant that have not been paid, and the commission is provided with notice from the appropriate state or federal court or agency that a wage claim for those wages will not be paid in whole or in part.
(d) In any case before the commission for action under this subsection, the commission may affirm, reverse, modify, or set aside the decision on the basis of the evidence previously submitted; order the taking of additional evidence as to such matters as it may direct; or remand the matter to the department for further proceedings.
(7) Judicial review.
(a) Any party that is not the department may commence an action for the judicial review of a decision of the commission under this chapter after exhausting the remedies provided under this section. The department may commence an action for the judicial review of a commission decision under this section, but the department is not required to have been a party to the proceedings before the commission or to have exhausted the remedies provided under this section. In an action commenced under this section by a party that is not the department, the department shall be a defendant and shall be named as a party in the complaint commencing the action. If a plaintiff fails to name either the department or the commission as defendants and serve the commission as required by this subsection, the court shall dismiss the action.
(b) Any judicial review under this chapter shall be confined to questions of law and shall be in accordance with this subsection. In any such judicial action, the commission may appear by any licensed attorney who is a salaried employee of the commission and has been designated by it for that purpose, or, at the commission's request, by the department of justice. In any such judicial action, the department may appear by any licensed attorney who is a salaried employee of the department and has been designated by it for that purpose.
(c)
1. The findings of fact made by the commission acting within its powers shall, in the absence of fraud, be conclusive. The order of the commission is subject to review only as provided in this subsection and not under ch. 227 or s. 801.02. Within 30 days after the date of an order made by the commission, any party or the department may, by serving a complaint as provided in subd. 3. and filing the summons and complaint with the clerk of the circuit court, commence an action against the commission for judicial review of the order. In an action for judicial review of a commission order, every other party to the proceedings before the commission shall be made a defendant. The department shall also be made a defendant if the department is not the plaintiff. If the circuit court is satisfied that a party in interest has been prejudiced because of an exceptional delay in the receipt of a copy of any order, the circuit court may extend the time in which an action may be commenced by an additional 30 days.
2. Except as provided in this subdivision, the proceedings shall be in the circuit court of the county where the plaintiff resides, except that if the plaintiff is the department, the proceedings shall be in the circuit court of the county where a defendant other than the commission resides. The proceedings may be brought in any circuit court if all parties appearing in the case agree or if the court, after notice and a hearing, so orders. Commencing an action in a county in which no defendant resides does not deprive the court of competency to proceed to judgment on the merits of the case.
3. In such an action, a complaint shall be served with an authenticated copy of the summons. The complaint need not be verified, but shall state the grounds upon which a review is sought. Service upon the commission or an agent authorized by the commission to accept service constitutes complete service on all parties, but there shall be left with the person so served as many copies of the summons and complaint as there are defendants, and the commission shall mail one copy to each other defendant.
4. Each defendant shall serve its answer within 20 days after the service upon the commission under subd. 3., which answer may, by way of counterclaim or cross complaint, ask for the review of the order referred to in the complaint, with the same effect as if the defendant had commenced a separate action for the review of the order.
5. Within 60 days after appearing in an action for judicial review, the commission shall make return to the court of all documents and materials on file in the matter, all testimony that has been taken, and the commission's order and findings. Such return of the commission, when filed in the office of the clerk of the circuit court, shall constitute a judgment roll in the action, and it shall not be necessary to have a transcript approved. After the commission makes return of the judgment roll to the court, the court shall schedule briefing by the parties. Any party may request oral argument before the court, subject to the provisions of law for a change of the place of trial or the calling in of another judge.
6. The court may confirm or set aside the commission's order, but may set aside the order only upon one or more of the following grounds:
a. That the commission acted without or in excess of its powers.
b. That the order was procured by fraud.
c. That the findings of fact by the commission do not support the order.
(dm) The court shall disregard any irregularity or error of the commission or the department unless it is made to affirmatively appear that a party was damaged by that irregularity or error.
(e) The record in any case shall be transmitted to the commission within 5 days after expiration of the time for appeal from the order or judgment of the court, unless an appeal is taken from the order or judgment.
(f) If the commission's order depends on any fact found by the commission, the court shall not substitute its judgment for that of the commission as to the weight or credibility of the evidence on any finding of fact. The court may, however, set aside the commission's order and remand the case to the commission if the commission's order depends on any material and controverted finding of fact that is not supported by credible and substantial evidence.
(g) Any party aggrieved by a judgment entered upon the review of any circuit court order under this subsection may appeal as provided in ch. 808.
(h) The clerk of any court rendering a decision affecting a decision of the commission shall promptly furnish all parties a copy of the decision without charge.
(i) No fees may be charged by the clerk of any circuit court for the performance of any service required by this chapter, except for the entry of judgments and for certified transcripts of judgments. In proceedings to review an order under this section, costs as between the parties shall be in the discretion of the court. Notwithstanding s. 814.245, no costs may be taxed against the commission or the department.
(8) Representation and limitation of fees.
(a) No employee may be charged fees by the department or its representatives in any proceeding under this chapter.
(b) Any party in a dispute concerning benefit eligibility or liability for overpayment of benefits or a penalty imposed under s. 108.04 (11) (bh), or in any administrative proceeding under this chapter concerning such a dispute, may be represented by counsel or another agent; but no such counsel or agent may together charge or receive from an employee for all such representation in connection with such a dispute a fee which, in the aggregate, exceeds 10 percent of the maximum benefits at issue unless the department has first approved a specified higher fee. This paragraph does not apply to any fee charged for representation before a court of law.
(9) Payment of benefits.
(a) Benefits shall be paid promptly in accordance with the department's determination or the decision of an appeal tribunal, the commission or a reviewing court, notwithstanding the pendency of the period to request a hearing, to file a petition for commission review or to commence judicial action or the pendency of any such hearing, review or action.
(b) Where such determination or decision is subsequently amended, modified or reversed by a more recently issued determination or decision, benefits shall be paid or denied in accordance with the most recently issued determination or decision.
(c) If any determination or decision awarding benefits is finally amended, modified, or reversed, any benefits paid to the claimant that would not have been paid under the final determination or decision shall be deemed an erroneous payment. Sections 108.04 (13) (c) and (d), 108.16 (3), and 108.22 shall apply to the charging and recovery of the erroneous payment.
History: 1971 c. 147; 1973 c. 247; 1975 c. 343; 1977 c. 29, 418; 1979 c. 52, 221; 1981 c. 36; 1985 a. 17, 29; 1987 a. 38 ss. 81 to 86, 136; 1989 a. 56 s. 259; 1989 a. 77; 1991 a. 89, 269; 1993 a. 373; 1995 a. 118; 1997 a. 35, 39; 1999 a. 15; 2001 a. 35; 2003 a. 197; 2005 a. 86, 253; 2007 a. 59; 2009 a. 287; 2011 a. 32, 198, 236; 2015 a. 334; 2017 a. 157.
The findings of the appeal tribunal were conclusive and could not be enlarged upon by the circuit court. McGraw-Edison Co. v. DILHR, 64 Wis. 2d 703, 221 N.W.2d 677 (1974).
An employer whose unemployment compensation account is not affected by the commission's determination has no standing to seek judicial review. Cornwell Personnel Associates v. DILHR, 92 Wis. 2d 53, 284 N.W.2d 706 (Ct. App. 1979).
The failure to disclose a memorandum from the hearing examiner to the commission that related to the claimant's credibility did not deny due process. Rucker v. DILHR, 101 Wis. 2d 285, 304 N.W.2d 169 (Ct. App. 1981).
Judicial review procedures under this section are exclusive. Schiller v. DILHR, 103 Wis. 2d 353, 309 N.W.2d 5 (Ct. App. 1981).
LIRC has authority under sub. (6) (c) to act upon grounds of mistake of fact or law. LaCrosse Footwear v. LIRC, 147 Wis. 2d 419, 434 N.W.2d 392 (Ct. App. 1988).
Courts should accord deference to the findings of LIRC, rather than those of DILHR, when deference to an agency's decision is appropriate. DILHR v. LIRC, 161 Wis. 2d 231, 467 N.W.2d 545 (1991).
The limit on attorney fees under sub. (8) only applies to the filing of claims under this section. It does not restrict fees in cases under this chapter not governed by this section. Witkin v. McMahon, 173 Wis. 2d 763, 496 N.W.2d 688 (Ct. App. 1993).
The department may not reopen and reconsider a decision after the time under sub. (6). 67 Atty. Gen. 226.
Hearsay at Unemployment Insurance Hearings. Schaefer. Wis. Law. Apr. 2017.

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