Effective: August 3, 2021
Latest Legislation: Senate Bill 2 - 134th General Assembly
(A) If the issue of a defendant's competence to stand trial is raised or if a defendant enters a plea of not guilty by reason of insanity, the court may order one or more evaluations of the defendant's present mental condition or, in the case of a plea of not guilty by reason of insanity, of the defendant's mental condition at the time of the offense charged. An examiner shall conduct the evaluation and the evaluation may be conducted through electronic means.
(B) If the court orders more than one evaluation under division (A) of this section, the prosecutor and the defendant may recommend to the court an examiner whom each prefers to perform one of the evaluations. If a defendant enters a plea of not guilty by reason of insanity and if the court does not designate an examiner recommended by the defendant, the court shall inform the defendant that the defendant may have independent expert evaluation and that, if the defendant is unable to obtain independent expert evaluation, it will be obtained for the defendant at public expense if the defendant is indigent.
(C)(1) If the court orders an evaluation under division (A) of this section, the defendant shall be available at the times and places established by the examiners who are to conduct the evaluation. The court may order a defendant who has been released on bail or recognizance to submit to an evaluation under this section.
(2) If a defendant who has been released on bail or recognizance refuses to submit to a complete evaluation, the court may amend the conditions of bail or recognizance and order the sheriff to take the defendant into custody and, except as provided in division (E) of this section, deliver the defendant to a center, program, or facility operated or certified by the department of mental health and addiction services or the department of developmental disabilities where the defendant may be held for evaluation for a reasonable period of time not to exceed twenty days.
(D)(1) A defendant who has not been released on bail or recognizance may be evaluated at the defendant's place of detention.
(2) Upon the request of the examiner, the court may order the sheriff to transport the defendant to a program or facility operated or certified by the department of mental health and addiction services or the department of developmental disabilities, where the defendant may be held for evaluation for a reasonable period of time not to exceed twenty days, and to return the defendant to the place of detention after the evaluation. A municipal court may make an order under this division only upon the request of a certified forensic center examiner.
(E) Except as provided in division (D) of this section, the court shall not order a defendant to be held for evaluation in a center, program, or facility operated by the department of mental health and addiction services or the department of developmental disabilities unless the defendant is charged with a felony or an offense of violence or unless the court determines, based on facts before the court, that the defendant is in need of immediate hospitalization.
(F) If a court orders the evaluation to determine a defendant's mental condition at the time of the offense charged, the court shall inform the examiner of the offense with which the defendant is charged.
(G) In conducting an evaluation of a defendant's mental condition at the time of the offense charged, the examiner shall consider all relevant evidence and may conduct the evaluation through electronic means. If the offense charged involves the use of force against another person, the relevant evidence to be considered includes, but is not limited to, any evidence that the defendant suffered, at the time of the commission of the offense, from the "battered woman syndrome."
(H) The examiner shall file a written report with the court, under seal, within thirty days after entry of a court order for evaluation. The court shall provide copies of the report to the prosecutor and defense counsel and shall allow for inspection of the report by the defendant, the defendant's guardian, a probate court, a board of alcohol, drug addiction, and mental health services, and any mental health professional who performs a subsequent mental health evaluation of the defendant or who is involved in the treatment of the defendant, but the report shall not be open to public inspection. A person who is not among those permitted to inspect the report as described in this division may file a motion with the court seeking disclosure for good cause. When a motion for disclosure of a report is filed, the court shall notify the defendant of the pending motion and allow sufficient time for the defendant to object to the disclosure. If the defendant objects to the disclosure, the court shall schedule a hearing to determine whether the party seeking access has demonstrated that access to the report is necessary for treatment of the defendant or for a criminal adjudication of the defendant for which the report was originally created. At that time the defendant shall be allowed an opportunity to provide the court with grounds for the objection. The court shall not provide access to the report unless the party seeking access can demonstrate that access to the report is necessary for treatment of the defendant or for a criminal adjudication of the defendant for which the report was originally created.
A defendant who is the subject of an examiner's report under this section prior to the effective date of this amendment may file a motion with the court to have that report placed under seal. Upon such a motion, the court shall place the report under seal, subject to the access and disclosure provisions provided in this section for reports filed after the effective date.
The report shall include all of the following:
(1) The examiner's findings;
(2) The facts in reasonable detail on which the findings are based;
(3) If the evaluation was ordered to determine the defendant's competence to stand trial, all of the following findings or recommendations that are applicable:
(a) Whether the defendant is capable of understanding the nature and objective of the proceedings against the defendant or of assisting in the defendant's defense;
(b) If the examiner's opinion is that the defendant is incapable of understanding the nature and objective of the proceedings against the defendant or of assisting in the defendant's defense, whether the defendant presently is mentally ill or has an intellectual disability and, if the examiner's opinion is that the defendant presently has an intellectual disability, whether the defendant appears to be a person with an intellectual disability subject to institutionalization by court order;
(c) If the examiner's opinion is that the defendant is incapable of understanding the nature and objective of the proceedings against the defendant or of assisting in the defendant's defense, the examiner's opinion as to the likelihood of the defendant becoming capable of understanding the nature and objective of the proceedings against the defendant and of assisting in the defendant's defense within one year if the defendant is provided with a course of treatment;
(d) If the examiner's opinion is that the defendant is incapable of understanding the nature and objective of the proceedings against the defendant or of assisting in the defendant's defense and that the defendant presently is mentally ill or has an intellectual disability, the examiner's recommendation as to the least restrictive placement or commitment alternative, including consideration of housing needs and the availability of mental health treatment in the community, consistent with the defendant's treatment needs for restoration to competency and with the safety of the community.
(4) If the evaluation was ordered to determine the defendant's mental condition at the time of the offense charged, the examiner's findings as to whether the defendant, at the time of the offense charged, did not know, as a result of a severe mental disease or defect, the wrongfulness of the defendant's acts charged.
(I) If the examiner's report filed under division (H) of this section indicates that in the examiner's opinion the defendant is incapable of understanding the nature and objective of the proceedings against the defendant or of assisting in the defendant's defense and that in the examiner's opinion the defendant appears to be a person with an intellectual disability subject to institutionalization by court order, the court shall order the defendant to undergo a separate intellectual disability evaluation conducted by a psychologist designated by the director of developmental disabilities. Divisions (C) to (G) of this section apply in relation to a separate intellectual disability evaluation conducted under this division. The psychologist appointed under this division to conduct the separate intellectual disability evaluation shall file a written report with the court within thirty days after the entry of the court order requiring the separate intellectual disability evaluation. The court shall file the report under seal in the same manner as a report submitted by an examiner under division (H) of this section and shall provide copies of the report to the prosecutor and defense counsel. The report shall include all of the information described in divisions (H)(1) to (4) of this section. If the court orders a separate intellectual disability evaluation of a defendant under this division, the court shall not conduct a hearing under divisions (B) to (H) of section 2945.37 of the Revised Code regarding that defendant until a report of the separate intellectual disability evaluation conducted under this division has been filed. Upon the filing of that report, the court shall conduct the hearing within the period of time specified in division (C) of section 2945.37 of the Revised Code.
(J) An examiner appointed under divisions (A) and (B) of this section or under division (I) of this section to evaluate a defendant to determine the defendant's competence to stand trial also may be appointed to evaluate a defendant who has entered a plea of not guilty by reason of insanity, but an examiner of that nature shall prepare separate reports on the issue of competence to stand trial and the defense of not guilty by reason of insanity.
(K) No statement that a defendant makes in an evaluation or hearing under divisions (A) to (I) of this section relating to the defendant's competence to stand trial or to the defendant's mental condition at the time of the offense charged shall be used against the defendant on the issue of guilt in any criminal action or proceeding, but, in a criminal action or proceeding, the prosecutor or defense counsel may call as a witness any person who evaluated the defendant or prepared a report pursuant to a referral under this section. Neither the appointment nor the testimony of an examiner appointed under this section precludes the prosecutor or defense counsel from calling other witnesses or presenting other evidence on competency or insanity issues.
(L) Persons appointed as examiners under divisions (A) and (B) of this section or under division (I) of this section shall be paid a reasonable amount for their services and expenses, as certified by the court. The certified amount shall be paid by the county in the case of county courts and courts of common pleas and by the legislative authority, as defined in section 1901.03 of the Revised Code, in the case of municipal courts.
Last updated May 19, 2021 at 1:40 PM
Structure Ohio Revised Code
Section 2945.01 | Trial Definitions.
Section 2945.02 | Setting and Continuing Cases.
Section 2945.03 | Control of Trial.
Section 2945.04 | Orders to Prevent Intimidation of Attorney, Victim or Witness in Criminal Case.
Section 2945.05 | Defendant May Waive Jury Trial.
Section 2945.06 | Procedure for Trial by Court.
Section 2945.08 | Prosecution in Wrong County - Proceeding.
Section 2945.09 | Grounds for Objection.
Section 2945.10 | Order of Proceedings of Trial.
Section 2945.11 | Charge to the Jury as to Law and Fact.
Section 2945.12 | When Accused May Be Tried in His Absence.
Section 2945.13 | Joint Trials in Felony Cases.
Section 2945.14 | Mistake in Charging Offense.
Section 2945.15 | Discharge of Defendant.
Section 2945.16 | View of the Premises - Expenses of View.
Section 2945.17 | Right to Jury Trial.
Section 2945.171 | Written Verdicts.
Section 2945.20 | Separate Trial for Capital Offense.
Section 2945.21 | Peremptory Challenges.
Section 2945.23 | When Peremptory Challenges Required.
Section 2945.25 | Challenges for Cause.
Section 2945.26 | Challenge for Cause.
Section 2945.27 | Challenges for Cause to Be Made Before Jury Sworn.
Section 2945.28 | Form of Oath to Jury.
Section 2945.29 | Jurors Becoming Unable to Perform Duties.
Section 2945.30 | Medical Attendance of Juror.
Section 2945.31 | Separation of Jurors.
Section 2945.32 | Oath to Officers if Jury Sequestered.
Section 2945.33 | Supervision of Jury After Case Submitted to Them.
Section 2945.34 | Admonition if Jurors Separate During Trial.
Section 2945.35 | Papers the Jury May Take.
Section 2945.36 | For What Cause Jury May Be Discharged.
Section 2945.37 | Competency to Stand Trial Definitions - Hearing.
Section 2945.371 | Evaluations and Reports of the Defendant's Mental Condition.
Section 2945.38 | Competence to Stand Trial.
Section 2945.39 | Expiration of the Maximum Time for Treatment for Incompetency.
Section 2945.391 | Not Guilty by Reason of Insanity Finding.
Section 2945.392 | Expert Testimony of the Battered Woman Syndrome.
Section 2945.40 | Acquittal by Reason of Insanity.
Section 2945.401 | Incompetency Finding or Insanity Acquittal Continuing Jurisdiction of Court.
Section 2945.402 | Conditional Release.
Section 2945.41 | Rules Applicable in Criminal Cases.
Section 2945.42 | Competency of Witnesses.
Section 2945.43 | Defendant May Testify.
Section 2945.44 | Witnesses Turning State's Evidence.
Section 2945.45 | Subpoenas to Issue to Any County.
Section 2945.451 | Employer May Not Penalize Employee for Being Subpoenaed to Criminal Proceeding.
Section 2945.46 | Attendance of Witness Enforced.
Section 2945.47 | Testimony of Prisoner.
Section 2945.48 | Witness May Be Placed in Jail.
Section 2945.481 | Testimony of Child Victim.
Section 2945.482 | Taking Testimony of a Victim With a Developmental Disability.
Section 2945.491 | Taking Testimony of a Victim With a Developmental Disability.
Section 2945.50 | Application for Deposition in Criminal Cases.
Section 2945.51 | When Imprisoned Defendant May Be Taken to Deposition - Expenses.
Section 2945.52 | Counsel Appointed Shall Represent the Defendant.
Section 2945.53 | Right of Accused to Examine Witness.
Section 2945.54 | Conduct of Examination.
Section 2945.55 | Testimony of Previous Identification.
Section 2945.56 | Rebuttal of Defendant's Character Evidence.
Section 2945.57 | Number of Witnesses to Character.
Section 2945.59 | Proof of Defendant's Motive.
Section 2945.63 | Child Pornography Offered as Evidence; Custody.
Section 2945.64 | Embezzlement Prima-Facie Evidence.
Section 2945.65 | Evidence Obtained as Part of Test to Determine Pregnancy.
Section 2945.67 | Appeal by State by Leave of Court.
Section 2945.71 | Time for Trial.
Section 2945.72 | Extending Time for Hearing or Trial.
Section 2945.73 | Delay in Hearing or Trial.
Section 2945.74 | Defendant May Be Convicted of Lesser Offense.
Section 2945.75 | Degree of Offense - Proof of Prior Convictions.
Section 2945.77 | Polling Jury.
Section 2945.78 | Recording the Verdict.
Section 2945.79 | Causes for New Trial.
Section 2945.80 | Written Motion for New Trial.
Section 2945.81 | Causes to Be Sustained by Affidavits.
Section 2945.83 | When New Trial Shall Not Be Granted.
Section 2945.831 | Motion for New Trial Not Necessary for Appellate Review.