New Mexico Statutes
Article 12 - Code of Military Justice
Section 20-12-51 - Rape and other sex crimes.

A. Any person subject to Chapter 20 NMSA 1978 is guilty of rape and shall be punished as a court-martial may direct if the person commits a sexual act upon another person by:
(1) using unlawful force against that other person;
(2) using force causing or likely to cause death or grievous bodily harm to any person;
(3) threatening or placing that other person in fear that any person will be subjected to death, grievous bodily harm or kidnapping;
(4) first rendering that other person unconscious; or
(5) administering to that other person by force or threat of force, or without the knowledge or consent of that person, a drug, intoxicant or other similar substance and thereby substantially impairing the ability of that other person to appraise or control conduct.
B. Any person subject to Chapter 20 NMSA 1978 is guilty of sexual assault and shall be punished as a court-martial may direct if the person commits a sexual act upon another person:
(1) by threatening or placing that other person in fear;
(2) by making a fraudulent representation that the sexual act serves a professional purpose;
(3) by inducing a belief by any artifice, pretense or concealment that the person is another person;
(4) without the consent of the other person;
(5) when the person knows or reasonably should know that the other person is asleep, unconscious or otherwise unaware that the sexual act is occurring; or
(6) when the other person is incapable of consenting to the sexual act due to: 1) impairment by any drug, intoxicant or other similar substance, and that condition is known or reasonably should be known by the person; or 2) a mental disease or defect or physical disability, and that condition is known or reasonably should be known by the person.
C. Any person subject to Chapter 20 NMSA 1978 is guilty of aggravated sexual contact and shall be punished as a court-martial may direct if the person commits or causes sexual contact upon or by another person if to do so would violate Subsection A of this section had the sexual contact been a sexual act.
D. Any person subject to Chapter 20 NMSA 1978 is guilty of abusive sexual contact and shall be punished as a court-martial may direct if the person commits or causes sexual contact upon or by another person if to do so would violate Subsection B of this section had the sexual contact been a sexual act.
E. In a prosecution under this section, in proving that a person made a threat, it need not be proven that the person actually intended to carry out the threat or had the ability to carry out the threat.
F. An accused may raise any applicable defenses available under Chapter 20 NMSA 1978 or the rules for court-martial. Marriage is not a defense for any conduct at issue in any prosecution under this section.
G. An expression of lack of consent through words or conduct means that there is no consent. Lack of verbal or physical resistance does not constitute consent. Submission resulting from the use of force, threat of force or placing another person in fear also does not constitute consent. A current or previous dating or social or sexual relationship by itself or the manner of dress of the person involved with the accused in the conduct at issue does not constitute consent. A sleeping, unconscious or incompetent person cannot consent. A person cannot consent to force causing or likely to cause death or grievous bodily harm or to being rendered unconscious. A person cannot consent while under threat or in fear or under the circumstances described in Subsection B of this section. All the surrounding circumstances are to be considered in determining whether a person gave consent.
H. As used in this section:
(1) "consent" means a freely given agreement to the conduct at issue by a competent person;
(2) "force" means:
(a) the use of a weapon;
(b) the use of such physical strength or violence as is sufficient to overcome, restrain or injure a person; or
(c) inflicting physical harm sufficient to coerce or compel submission by the victim;
(3) "grievous bodily harm" means serious bodily injury. Grievous bodily harm includes fractured or dislocated bones, deep cuts, torn members of the body, serious damage to internal organs and other severe bodily injuries. It does not include minor injuries such as a black eye or a bloody nose;
(4) "incapable of consenting" means the person is:
(a) incapable of appraising the nature of the conduct at issue; or
(b) physically incapable of declining participation in, or communicating unwillingness to engage in, the sexual act at issue;
(5) "sexual act" means:
(a) the penetration, however slight, of the penis into the vulva, anus or mouth;
(b) contact between the mouth and the penis, vulva, scrotum or anus; or
(c) the penetration, however slight, of the vulva or penis or anus of another by any part of the body or any object, with an intent to abuse, humiliate, harass or degrade any person or to arouse or gratify the sexual desire of any person;
(6) "sexual contact" means touching, or causing another person to touch, either directly or through the clothing, the vulva, penis, scrotum, anus, groin, breast, inner thigh or buttocks of any person, with an intent to abuse, humiliate, harass or degrade any person or to arouse or gratify the sexual desire of any person. Touching may be accomplished by any part of the body or an object;
(7) "threatening or placing that other person in fear" means a communication or action that is of sufficient consequence to cause a reasonable fear that noncompliance will result in the victim or another person being subjected to the wrongful action contemplated by the communication or action; and
(8) "unlawful force" means an act of force done without legal justification or excuse.
History: 1978 Comp., § 20-12-51, enacted by Laws 1989, ch. 337, § 50; 2021, ch. 67, § 1.
The 2021 amendment, effective June 18, 2021, amended the elements and definitions of certain sex crimes, removed certain marriage exceptions to certain sex crimes, and specifically provided that marriage is not a defense for any conduct at issue in any prosecution under this section; in the heading, after "Rape and", deleted "carnal knowledge" and added "other sex crimes"; in Subsection A, after "Chapter 20 NMSA 1978", deleted "who commits an act of sexual intercourse with a female not his wife, by force and without her consent", after "shall be punished", deleted "by death or other punishment", and after "may direct", added "if the person commits a sexual act upon another person by", and added Paragraphs A(1) through A(5); in Subsection B, after "Chapter 20 NMSA 1978", deleted "who, under circumstances not amounting to rape, commits an act of sexual intercourse with a female not his wife who has not attained the age of sixteen years is guilty of carnal knowledge" and added "is guilty of sexual assault", after "may direct", added "if the person commits a sexual act upon another person", and added Paragraphs B(1) through B(6); and deleted former Subsection C and added new Subsections C through H.

Structure New Mexico Statutes