Connecticut General Statutes
Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses
Section 53a-48. - Conspiracy. Renunciation.

(a) A person is guilty of conspiracy when, with intent that conduct constituting a crime be performed, he agrees with one or more persons to engage in or cause the performance of such conduct, and any one of them commits an overt act in pursuance of such conspiracy.

(b) It shall be a defense to a charge of conspiracy that the actor, after conspiring to commit a crime, thwarted the success of the conspiracy, under circumstances manifesting a complete and voluntary renunciation of his criminal purpose.
(1969, P.A. 828, S. 48, 49; 1971, P.A. 871, S. 16.)
History: 1971 act amended Subsec. (b) to remove reference to “affirmative” defense.
See Sec. 53a-50 re effect of motivation on renunciation.
Cited. 169 C. 377; Id., 517; Id., 642. Generally, may prosecute and sentence defendant for both conspiracy to commit offense and offense itself; Wharton's rule: An agreement by two persons to commit crime which necessarily requires participation of two persons cannot be prosecuted as conspiracy; rule currently valid only as presumption of legislative intent; exception to rule when more persons than required participate; abuse of conspiracy charge to bring in otherwise improper evidence. 171 C. 105. Cited. Id., 524; 172 C. 74; 174 C. 135; Id., 338; Id., 376; 176 C. 131; 177 C. 370; 178 C. 67; Id., 163; Id., 649. Defendant is entitled to a theory of defense instruction as a matter of law when evidence under section is before jury. Id., 704. Cited. 180 C. 481; 182 C. 262; Id., 595; 184 C. 369; 186 C. 426; Id., 648; Id., 696; 187 C. 109; Id., 264; Id., 513; 188 C. 515; Id., 542; Id., 671; 189 C. 201; Id., 337; 190 C. 259; 191 C. 360; 194 C. 18; Id., 361; 195 C. 128; Id., 183; Id., 598; 196 C. 115; Id., 567; 197 C. 201; Id., 326; Id., 413; Id., 644. There is no such thing as a conspiracy to commit a crime which is defined in terms of recklessly or negligently causing a result, therefore conspiracy to commit arson in the third degree in violation of this statute and Sec. 53a-113 is not crime cognizable under state law. 199 C. 1. Cited. Id., 14; 200 C. 113; Id., 310; 201 C. 489; 202 C. 520; 204 C. 240; Id., 630; 207 C. 323; 209 C. 1; 210 C. 435; 211 C. 289; 212 C. 195; Id., 387; Id., 593; 213 C. 233. Conspiracy charge against defendant is barred after acquittal of sole alleged coconspirator; conspiracy statute as “bilateral” in nature discussed. Id., 243. Cited. Id., 422; Id., 708; 215 C. 716; Id., 739; 216 C. 801; 218 C. 349; Id., 432; 220 C. 602; Id., 765; 221 C. 447; Id., 595; 223 C. 243; Id., 384; 224 C. 322; 225 C. 270; Id., 347; 227 C. 1; Id., 32; Id., 207; 235 C. 397; Id., 679; Id., 748; 236 C. 176; Id., 514; 237 C. 518; 238 C. 380; 239 C. 56; Id., 481; 240 C. 210; Id., 708; 241 C. 322; 242 C. 93. The requisite evidence of an agreement between individuals accused as coconspirators may be provided by a coconspirator's conduct at the scene. 290 C. 816. Conspiracy to commit a reckless act is not a cognizable crime in this state because it is legally impossible to conspire to commit or achieve an unintentional or reckless act. 305 C. 101, but see 318 C. 1. To satisfy specific intent requirements for a conviction of conspiracy to distribute drugs, state must proffer evidence of an agreement to distribute drugs, in addition to mere buyer-seller relationship. 311 C. 1.
Cited. 1 CA 524; 3 CA 503; 5 CA 347; Id., 491; Id., 599; 8 CA 119; Id., 478; Id., 667; 9 CA 548; 10 CA 130; Id., 147; Id., 447; 11 CA 397; Id., 621; 14 CA 205; Id., 445; Id., 605; Id., 807; 15 CA 122; Id., 328; Id., 539; 16 CA 18; Id., 601; 17 CA 247; Id., 648; 19 CA 554; Id., 640; 21 CA 299; Id., 386; Id., 519; 22 CA 449; Id., 567; 23 CA 502; Id., 615; Id., 667; 24 CA 316; Id., 493; 26 CA 94; Id., 667; Id., 779; 27 CA 596; 28 CA 34; Id., 126; Id., 416; 29 CA 359; Id., 843; 30 CA 190; Id., 232; Id., 550; Id., 654; Id., 712; 32 CA 224; 33 CA 253; Id., 409; 34 CA 751; judgment reversed, see 233 C. 211; 35 CA 714; Id., 839; 36 CA 59; Id., 190; Id., 454; Id., 556; Id., 631; Id., 672; Id., 753; Id., 774; 37 CA 219; Id., 456; judgment reversed, see 236 C. 176; 38 CA 481; Id., 536; Id., 581; Id., 777; Id., 868; 39 CA 224; Id., 333; Id., 526; Id., 550; 40 CA 515; Id., 789; 41 CA 47; Id., 147; Id., 495; 42 CA 472; Id., 500; Id., 555; Id., 687; 43 CA 142; Id., 252; Id., 555; 44 CA 338; 45 CA 110; Id., 282; Id., 455; 46 CA 684; Id., 791. Elements of crime of conspiracy under section discussed. 63 CA 82. Statute is bilateral in nature in that conspiracy requires a showing that two or more coconspirators intended to engage in or cause conduct that constitutes a crime. 64 CA 384. Conviction and sentencing for multiple conspiracy offenses based on a single agreement is double jeopardy violation. 65 CA 788. Elements of crime of conspiracy discussed. 70 CA 393. There was sufficient evidence to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that defendant knowingly entered into a conspiracy to possess a narcotic substance with intent to sell. 75 CA 223. Jury instructions on conspiracy to commit murder must indicate that state was required to prove intent to agree or conspire to commit murder and intent to cause murder. 92 CA 92. Attempt to commit robbery in first degree in violation of Sec. 53a-49 and conspiracy to commit robbery in violation of this section are separate and distinct offenses for purposes of double jeopardy. 118 CA 35. Defendant's sentences on four separate conspiracy charges arising from two incidents constituted double jeopardy. 124 CA 9. Conviction for two conspiracy charges arising from same agreement constituted double jeopardy. 125 CA 307. Conspiracy is a specific intent crime, with the intent divided into two elements: The intent to agree or conspire, and the intent to commit the offense which is the object of the conspiracy. 126 CA 192. Conviction of conspiracy to possess narcotics under Sec. 21a-279(a) and conspiracy to possess narcotics with intent to sell under Sec. 21a-277(a) constitutes double jeopardy. 137 CA 733. Conviction for conspiracy to commit false statement under Sec. 53a-157b and conspiracy to fabricate physical evidence under Sec. 53a-155 pursuant to the same unlawful agreement violates constitutional protection against double jeopardy. 138 CA 420; judgment reversed in part, see 325 C. 399. Multiple sentences for 3 separate conspiracies arising out of a single unlawful agreement violates prohibition against double jeopardy. 144 CA 731; judgment affirmed, see 320 C. 781. Evidence insufficient to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that defendant or alleged coconspirator stole headphones, either as a substantive crime or as overt act in furtherance of conspiracy. 164 CA 25.
Cited. 29 CS 344; 30 CS 211. Overt act is essential element of offense and must be alleged in information charging conspiracy. 35 CS 96. Cited. 36 CS 603; 37 CS 527; Id., 853; 38 CS 301; Id., 374; Id., 593.
Subsec. (a):
Cited. 177 C. 243; 189 C. 752; 192 C. 383; 199 C. 389; 200 C. 586; 201 C. 289; 203 C. 420; 207 C. 118; 210 C. 78; Id., 619; 212 C. 50; Id., 485; 213 C. 243; 214 C. 122; Id., 344; 215 C. 570; 217 C. 243; 218 C. 151; 223 C. 635; 227 C. 363; 230 C. 351; 232 C. 431; judgment superseded by en banc reconsideration, see 235 C. 502; Id., 537; 235 C. 502; 239 C. 235; Id., 467; 240 C. 727; 241 C. 1; Id., 502; 242 C. 125; Id., 296. Appellate Court in 41 CA 495 reversed trial court's judgment on grounds of insufficient evidence to convict, judgment of Appellate Court reversed. Id., 485. Evidence was sufficient to support conspiracy conviction. 253 C. 354. Where two defendants were tried separately and their respective juries were presented with separate, independent evidence of their agreement to commit the crime in question, acquittal of defendant's coconspirator did not nullify defendant's conviction of the same charge. 257 C. 587. To prove defendant guilty of conspiracy to commit robbery in the second degree in violation of Subsec. and Sec. 53a-135(a)(2), state needs to prove defendant specifically agreed that there would be the display or threatened use of what was represented as a deadly weapon or dangerous object during the robbery or immediate flight therefrom. 315 C. 451.
Cited. 7 CA 701; 9 CA 313; 14 CA 309; judgment reversed, see 212 C. 50; Id., 688; 15 CA 416; 16 CA 245; Id., 402; 18 CA 134; 19 CA 179; Id., 195; 20 CA 665; 22 CA 340; 23 CA 602; Id., 746; judgment reversed, see 221 C. 595; 25 CA 3; Id., 21; Id., 318; 26 CA 279; 27 CA 558; Id., 161; Id., 306; Id., 474; Id., 645; Id., 721; 29 CA 59; Id., 207; 31 CA 370; 32 CA 842; 33 CA 122; Id., 339; judgment reversed, see 235 C. 502; Id., 647; 34 CA 58; judgment reversed, see 232 C. 537; Id., 96; judgment reversed, see 232 C. 537; Id., 595; 35 CA 740; 36 CA 41; Id., 483; Id., 488; 37 CA 156; Id., 360; Id., 574; 38 CA 434; 39 CA 63; Id., 242; Id., 579; Id., 645; 40 CA 47; Id., 526; 43 CA 488; Id., 830; 44 CA 499; 45 CA 270; 46 CA 640. Conviction for conspiracy to sell a controlled substance within one thousand five hundred feet of a public housing project reversed where trial court instructed that jury must find that conspiracy occurred within one thousand five hundred feet of public housing project; the law is not concerned with where the plan was hatched, but with where conspirators proposed to carry out its unlawful purpose. 73 CA 386. The nexus between defendant's role in the conspiracy and illegal conduct of his coconspirators was not so attenuated or remote that it would be unjust to hold him responsible for the criminal conduct of his coconspirators. 107 CA 413. Nothing in Subsec. requires state to prove future or past criminal acts; federal “buyer-seller exception” not applicable to charge of conspiracy to sell narcotics. 131 CA 433; judgment affirmed, see 311 C. 1. Existence of formal agreement between conspirators need not be proved and may be inferred from proof of the separate acts of the alleged coconspirators and the circumstances surrounding the commission of the acts. 147 CA 53. Defendant's conviction of and sentencing under Subsec. and Secs. 53a-123(a)(3) and 53a-124(a)(2) constitute multiple punishments for the same offense and violate defendant's right against double jeopardy. 176 CA 687.
Cited. 44 CS 490.
Subsec. (b):
Cited. 40 CA 526. Breakdown of an agreement does not end a conspiracy or disqualify previous overt acts. 131 CA 433.

Structure Connecticut General Statutes

Connecticut General Statutes

Title 53a - Penal Code

Chapter 952 - Penal Code: Offenses

Section 53a-24. - Offense defined. Application of sentencing provisions to motor vehicle and drug selling violators.

Section 53a-25. - Felony: Definition, classification, designation.

Section 53a-26. - Misdemeanor: Definition, classification, designation.

Section 53a-27. - Violation: Definition, designation.

Section 53a-28. - Authorized sentences.

Section 53a-28a. - Enforcement of orders of financial restitution.

Section 53a-29. - Probation and conditional discharge: Criteria; periods; continuation or termination.

Section 53a-30. - Conditions of probation and conditional discharge.

Section 53a-31. - Calculation of periods of probation and conditional discharge. Compliance with conditions during interrupted period.

Section 53a-32. - Violation of probation or conditional discharge. Notice to victim or victim advocate. Arrest. Pretrial release conditions and supervision. Hearing. Disposition.

Section 53a-32a. - Violation of probation by certain sexual offenders.

Section 53a-33. - Termination of probation or conditional discharge.

Section 53a-34. - Unconditional discharge: Criteria; effect.

Section 53a-35. - Imprisonment for any felony committed prior to July 1, 1981: Indeterminate sentences; maximum and minimum terms.

Section 53a-35a. - Imprisonment for felony committed on or after July 1, 1981. Definite sentence. Authorized term.

Section 53a-35b. - “Life imprisonment” defined.

Section 53a-35c. - Availability of sentence of life imprisonment without the possibility of release.

Section 53a-36. - Imprisonment for misdemeanor. Definite sentence. Authorized term.

Section 53a-36a. - Imprisonment term for misdemeanor not to exceed three hundred sixty-four days.

Section 53a-37. - Multiple sentences: Concurrent or consecutive, minimum term.

Section 53a-38. - Calculation of terms of imprisonment.

Section 53a-39. - Reduction of sentence or discharge of defendant by sentencing court or judge. Statement by victim.

Section 53a-39a. - Alternate incarceration program.

Section 53a-39b. - Special alternative incarceration program for young male defendants.

Section 53a-39c. - Community service labor program.

Section 53a-39d. - Pilot zero-tolerance drug supervision program.

Section 53a-40. - Persistent offenders: Definitions; defense; authorized sentences; procedure.

Section 53a-40a. - Persistent offenders of crimes involving bigotry or bias. Authorized sentences.

Section 53a-40b. - Additional term of imprisonment authorized for offense committed while on release.

Section 53a-40c. - Psychological counseling required for person convicted of sexual assault of a minor.

Section 53a-40d. - Persistent offenders of crimes involving assault, stalking, trespass, threatening, harassment, criminal violation of a protective order, criminal violation of a standing criminal protective order or criminal violation of a restrain...

Section 53a-40e. - Standing criminal protective orders.

Section 53a-40f. - Persistent operating while under the influence felony offender. Authorized sentences.

Section 53a-41. - Fines for felonies.

Section 53a-42. - Fines for misdemeanors.

Section 53a-43. - Fines for violations.

Section 53a-44. - Alternative fine based on defendant's gain.

Section 53a-44a. - Surcharge on fine for criminal trespass or criminal mischief on public land.

Section 53a-45. - Murder: Penalty; waiver of jury trial; finding of lesser degree.

Section 53a-46. - Sentencing proceedings; appeal.

Section 53a-46a. - Imposition of sentence for capital felony committed prior to April 25, 2012. Hearing. Special verdict. Mitigating and aggravating factors. Factors barring death sentence.

Section 53a-46b. - Review of death sentence.

Section 53a-46c. - Applicability of death penalty provisions in effect on and after October 1, 1980.

Section 53a-46d. - Victim impact statement read in court prior to imposition of sentence for crime punishable by death or life imprisonment without possibility of release.

Section 53a-47. - Disposition of person found not guilty by reason of mental disease or defect. Confinement and examination. Release.

Section 53a-48. - Conspiracy. Renunciation.

Section 53a-49. - Criminal attempt: Sufficiency of conduct; renunciation as defense.

Section 53a-50. - Effect of motivation on renunciation.

Section 53a-51. - Classification of attempt and conspiracy.

Section 53a-52. - Conviction; sentencing.

Section 53a-53 and 53a-54. - Homicide defined. Murder defined; affirmative defenses; evidence of mental condition; classification.

Section 53a-54a. - Murder.

Section 53a-54b. - Murder with special circumstances.

Section 53a-54c. - Felony murder.

Section 53a-54d. - Arson murder.

Section 53a-54e. - Construction of statutes re capital felony committed prior to April 25, 2012.

Section 53a-55. - Manslaughter in the first degree: Class B felony.

Section 53a-55a. - Manslaughter in the first degree with a firearm: Class B felony: Five years not suspendable.

Section 53a-56. - Manslaughter in the second degree: Class C felony.

Section 53a-56a. - Manslaughter in the second degree with a firearm: Class C felony: One year not suspendable.

Section 53a-56b. - Manslaughter in the second degree with a motor vehicle: Class C felony.

Section 53a-57. - Misconduct with a motor vehicle: Class D felony.

Section 53a-58. - Criminally negligent homicide: Class A misdemeanor.

Section 53a-58a. - Negligent homicide with a motor vehicle.

Section 53a-59. - Assault in the first degree: Class B felony: Nonsuspendable sentences.

Section 53a-59a. - Assault of an elderly, blind, disabled or pregnant person or a person with intellectual disability in the first degree: Class B felony: Five years not suspendable.

Section 53a-59b. - Assault of an employee of the Department of Correction in the first degree: Class B felony.

Section 53a-59c. - Assault of a pregnant woman resulting in termination of pregnancy: Class A felony.

Section 53a-60. - Assault in the second degree: Class D or C felony.

Section 53a-60a. - Assault in the second degree with a firearm: Class D or C felony: One year not suspendable.

Section 53a-60b. - Assault of an elderly, blind, disabled or pregnant person or a person with intellectual disability in the second degree: Class D felony: Two years not suspendable.

Section 53a-60c. - Assault of an elderly, blind, disabled or pregnant person or a person with intellectual disability in the second degree with a firearm: Class D felony: Three years not suspendable.

Section 53a-60d. - Assault in the second degree with a motor vehicle: Class D felony.

Section 53a-61. - Assault in the third degree: Class A misdemeanor.

Section 53a-61a. - Assault of an elderly, blind, disabled or pregnant person or a person with intellectual disability in the third degree: Class A misdemeanor: One year not suspendable.

Section 53a-61aa. - Threatening in the first degree: Class D or class C felony.

Section 53a-62. - Threatening in the second degree: Class A misdemeanor or class D felony.

Section 53a-63. - Reckless endangerment in the first degree: Class A misdemeanor.

Section 53a-64. - Reckless endangerment in the second degree: Class B misdemeanor.

Section 53a-64aa. - Strangulation or suffocation in the first degree: Class C felony.

Section 53a-64bb. - Strangulation or suffocation in the second degree: Class D felony.

Section 53a-64cc. - Strangulation or suffocation in the third degree: Class A misdemeanor.

Section 53a-65. - Definitions.

Section 53a-66. - Lack of consent.

Section 53a-67. - Affirmative defenses.

Section 53a-68 and 53a-69. - Corroboration; exceptions. Time limitation for complaint.

Section 53a-70. - Sexual assault in the first degree: Class B or A felony.

Section 53a-70a. - Aggravated sexual assault in the first degree: Class B or A felony.

Section 53a-70b. - Sexual assault in spousal or cohabiting relationship: Class B felony.

Section 53a-70c. - Aggravated sexual assault of a minor: Class A felony.

Section 53a-71. - Sexual assault in the second degree: Class C or B felony.

Section 53a-72. - Rape in the first degree: Class B felony.

Section 53a-72a. - Sexual assault in the third degree: Class D or C felony.

Section 53a-72b. - Sexual assault in the third degree with a firearm: Class C or B felony.

Section 53a-73. - Rape in the second degree: Class C felony.

Section 53a-73a. - Sexual assault in the fourth degree: Class A misdemeanor or class D felony.

Section 53a-74 to 53a-81. - Rape in the second degree. Deviate sexual intercourse in the first and second degree. Sexual contact in the first, second and third degree. Adultery: Class A misdemeanor.

Section 53a-82. - Prostitution: Class A misdemeanor.

Section 53a-83. - Soliciting sexual acts: Class A misdemeanor.

Section 53a-83a. - Patronizing a prostitute from a motor vehicle: Class A misdemeanor.

Section 53a-83b. - Commercial sexual abuse of a minor: Class B felony.

Section 53a-84. - Defenses barred.

Section 53a-85. - Promoting prostitution: Definitions.

Section 53a-86. - Promoting prostitution in the first degree: Class B felony.

Section 53a-87. - Promoting prostitution in the second degree: Class C felony.

Section 53a-88. - Promoting prostitution in the third degree: Class D felony.

Section 53a-89. - Permitting prostitution: Class A misdemeanor.

Section 53a-90a. - Enticing a minor. Penalties.

Section 53a-90b. - Misrepresentation of age to entice a minor: Class C felony.

Section 53a-91. - Definitions.

Section 53a-92. - Kidnapping in the first degree: Class A felony.

Section 53a-92a. - Kidnapping in the first degree with a firearm: Class A felony.

Section 53a-93. - Proceeding to determine sentence for kidnapping in first degree.

Section 53a-94. - Kidnapping in the second degree: Class B felony: Three years not suspendable.

Section 53a-94a. - Kidnapping in the second degree with a firearm: Class B felony: Three years not suspendable.

Section 53a-95. - Unlawful restraint in the first degree: Class D felony.

Section 53a-96. - Unlawful restraint in the second degree: Class A misdemeanor.

Section 53a-97. - Custodial interference in the first degree: Class D felony.

Section 53a-98. - Custodial interference in the second degree: Class A misdemeanor.

Section 53a-99. - Substitution of children: Class D felony.

Section 53a-100. - Definitions.

Section 53a-100aa. - Home invasion: Class A felony.

Section 53a-101. - Burglary in the first degree: Class B felony.

Section 53a-102. - Burglary in the second degree: Class C felony.

Section 53a-102a. - Burglary in the second degree with a firearm: Class C felony: One year not suspendable.

Section 53a-103. - Burglary in the third degree: Class D felony.

Section 53a-103a. - Burglary in the third degree with a firearm: Class D felony: One year not suspendable.

Section 53a-104. - Affirmative defense to burglary.

Section 53a-105. - Conviction for burglary and other offense authorized, when.

Section 53a-106. - Manufacturing or possession of burglar's tools: Class A misdemeanor.

Section 53a-107. - Criminal trespass in the first degree: Class A misdemeanor.

Section 53a-108. - Criminal trespass in the second degree: Class B misdemeanor.

Section 53a-109. - Criminal trespass in the third degree: Class C or class B misdemeanor.

Section 53a-110. - Affirmative defenses to criminal trespass.

Section 53a-110a. - Simple trespass: Infraction.

Section 53a-110d. - Simple trespass of railroad property: Infraction.

Section 53a-111. - Arson in the first degree: Class A felony.

Section 53a-112. - Arson in the second degree: Class B felony.

Section 53a-113. - Arson in the third degree: Class C felony.

Section 53a-114. - Reckless burning: Class D felony.

Section 53a-115. - Criminal mischief in the first degree: Class D felony.

Section 53a-116. - Criminal mischief in the second degree: Class A misdemeanor.

Section 53a-117. - Criminal mischief in the third degree: Class B misdemeanor.

Section 53a-117a. - Criminal mischief in the fourth degree: Class C misdemeanor.

Section 53a-117e. - Criminal damage of a landlord's property in the first degree: Class D felony.

Section 53a-117f. - Criminal damage of a landlord's property in the second degree: Class A misdemeanor.

Section 53a-117g. - Criminal damage of a landlord's property in the third degree: Class B misdemeanor.

Section 53a-117k. - Damage to railroad property in the first degree: Class D felony.

Section 53a-117l. - Damage to railroad property in the second degree: Class A misdemeanor.

Section 53a-117m. - Damage to railroad property in the third degree: Class B misdemeanor.

Section 53a-118. - Definitions generally.

Section 53a-119. - Larceny defined.

Section 53a-119a. - Shoplifting and library theft; detention, questioning, presumption of crime.

Section 53a-119b. - Using motor vehicle or vessel without owner's permission. Interfering or tampering with a motor vehicle. First offense: Class A misdemeanor. Subsequent offense: Class D felony.

Section 53a-119c. - Larceny of a motor vehicle: Class E felony, first offense; class D felony, second offense; class B felony, subsequent offense.

Section 53a-120. - Theft of services; service and credit card defined.

Section 53a-121. - Value of property or services.

Section 53a-122. - Larceny in the first degree: Class B felony.

Section 53a-123. - Larceny in the second degree: Class C felony.

Section 53a-124. - Larceny in the third degree: Class D felony.

Section 53a-125. - Larceny in the fourth degree: Class A misdemeanor.

Section 53a-125a. - Larceny in the fifth degree: Class B misdemeanor.

Section 53a-125b. - Larceny in the sixth degree: Class C misdemeanor.

Section 53a-125c. - Telephone fraud in the first degree: Class B felony.

Section 53a-125d. - Telephone fraud in the second degree: Class C felony.

Section 53a-125e. - Telephone fraud in the third degree: Class D felony.

Section 53a-125f. - Telephone fraud in the fourth degree: Class A misdemeanor.

Section 53a-125g. - Telephone fraud in the fifth degree: Class B misdemeanor.

Section 53a-125h. - Telephone fraud in the sixth degree: Class C misdemeanor.

Section 53a-126. - Larceny by receiving stolen property.

Section 53a-126a. - Criminal trover in the first degree: Class D felony, first offense; class C felony, subsequent offense.

Section 53a-126b. - Criminal trover in the second degree: Class A misdemeanor.

Section 53a-127. - Diversion from state of benefit of labor of employees: Class A misdemeanor.

Section 53a-127a. - Unlawful entry into coin machine; possession of key to enter: Class A misdemeanor.

Section 53a-127b. - Fraudulent use of an automated teller machine: Class A misdemeanor.

Section 53a-127c. - Theft of electric, gas, water, steam, telecommunications, wireless radio communications or community antenna television service for profit or economic gain: Class D felony.

Section 53a-127d. - Cheating: Class D felony or class B misdemeanor.

Section 53a-127e. - Possession of a cheating device: Class D felony.

Section 53a-127f. - Possession of a shoplifting device: Class A misdemeanor.

Section 53a-127g. - Unlawful possession of a personal identifying information access device: Class A misdemeanor.

Section 53a-128. - Issuing a bad check. Penalties.

Section 53a-128a. - Credit and debit card crimes. Definitions.

Section 53a-128b. - False statement to procure issuance or loading of payment card.

Section 53a-128c. - Payment card theft. Illegal transfer. Fraud. Forgery.

Section 53a-128d. - Illegal use of payment card. Presumption of knowledge of revocation.

Section 53a-128e. - Illegal furnishing of money, goods or services on payment card.

Section 53a-128f. - Unlawful completion or reproduction of payment card.

Section 53a-128g. - Receipt of money, goods or services obtained by illegal use of credit card.

Section 53a-128h. - Certain defenses denied.

Section 53a-128i. - Penalties for credit card crimes.

Section 53a-129. - Misapplication of property: Class A misdemeanor.

Section 53a-129a. - Identity theft defined.

Section 53a-129b. - Identity theft in the first degree: Class B felony.

Section 53a-129c. - Identity theft in the second degree: Class C felony.

Section 53a-129d. - Identity theft in the third degree: Class D felony.

Section 53a-129e. - Trafficking in personal identifying information: Class D felony.

Section 53a-130. - Criminal impersonation: Class A misdemeanor.

Section 53a-130a. - Impersonation of a police officer: Class D felony.

Section 53a-131. - Unlawfully concealing a will: Class A misdemeanor.

Section 53a-132. - False entry by an officer or agent of a public community: Class A misdemeanor.

Section 53a-133. - Robbery defined.

Section 53a-134. - Robbery in the first degree: Class B felony.

Section 53a-135. - Robbery in the second degree: Class C felony.

Section 53a-136. - Robbery in the third degree: Class D felony.

Section 53a-136a. - Robbery involving occupied motor vehicle. Penalty.

Section 53a-137. - Definitions.

Section 53a-138. - Forgery in the first degree: Class C felony.

Section 53a-139. - Forgery in the second degree: Class D felony.

Section 53a-140. - Forgery in the third degree: Class B misdemeanor.

Section 53a-141. - Criminal simulation: Class D felony.

Section 53a-142. - Forgery of symbols: Class A misdemeanor.

Section 53a-142a. - Filing a false record: Class D felony.

Section 53a-143. - Unlawfully using slugs: Definitions.

Section 53a-144. - Unlawfully using slugs in the first degree: Class B misdemeanor.

Section 53a-145. - Unlawfully using slugs in the second degree: Class C misdemeanor.

Section 53a-146. - Definitions.

Section 53a-147. - Bribery: Class C felony.

Section 53a-148. - Bribe receiving: Class C felony.

Section 53a-148a. - Failure to report bribery: Class A misdemeanor.

Section 53a-149. - Bribery of a witness: Class C felony.

Section 53a-150. - Bribe receiving by a witness: Class C felony.

Section 53a-151. - Tampering with a witness: Class C felony.

Section 53a-151a. - Intimidating a witness: Class B felony.

Section 53a-152. - Bribery of a juror: Class C felony.

Section 53a-153. - Bribe receiving by a juror: Class C felony.

Section 53a-154. - Tampering with a juror: Class D felony.

Section 53a-155. - Tampering with or fabricating physical evidence: Class D felony.

Section 53a-156. - Perjury: Class D felony.

Section 53a-157a. - False statement on a certified payroll: Class D felony.

Section 53a-157b. (Formerly Sec. 53a-157). - False statement: Class A misdemeanor.

Section 53a-158. - Bribery of a labor official: Class D felony.

Section 53a-159. - Bribe receiving by a labor official: Class D felony.

Section 53a-160. - Commercial bribery: Class D felony.

Section 53a-161. - Receiving a commercial bribe: Class D felony.

Section 53a-161a. - Bid rigging: Class D felony.

Section 53a-161b. - Disclosure of bid or proposal: Class A misdemeanor.

Section 53a-161c. - Receiving kickbacks: Class D felony.

Section 53a-161d. - Paying a kickback: Class D felony.

Section 53a-162. - Rigging: Class D felony.

Section 53a-163. - Soliciting or accepting benefit for rigging: Class A misdemeanor.

Section 53a-164. - Participation in a rigged contest: Class A misdemeanor.

Section 53a-165. - Hindering prosecution defined.

Section 53a-165aa. - Hindering prosecution in the first degree: Class C felony.

Section 53a-166. - Hindering prosecution in the second degree: Class C felony.

Section 53a-167. - Hindering prosecution in the third degree: Class D felony.

Section 53a-167a. - Interfering with an officer: Class A misdemeanor or class D felony.

Section 53a-167b. - Failure to assist peace officer or firefighter: Class A misdemeanor.

Section 53a-167c. - Assault of public safety, emergency medical, public transit or health care personnel: Class C felony.

Section 53a-167d. - Assault of a prosecutor: Class C felony.

Section 53a-167e. - Aggravated assault of a public transit employee: Class C felony.

Section 53a-167f. - Abuse of an oath document: Class D Felony.

Section 53a-168. - Escape: Definitions.

Section 53a-169. - Escape in the first degree: Class C felony.

Section 53a-170. - Escape in the second degree: Class D felony.

Section 53a-171. - Escape from custody: Class C felony or class A misdemeanor.

Section 53a-171a. - Aiding escape from hospital or sanatorium: Class A misdemeanor.

Section 53a-172. - Failure to appear in the first degree: Class D felony.

Section 53a-173. - Failure to appear in the second degree: Class A misdemeanor.

Section 53a-174. - Unauthorized conveyance of items into correctional or humane institution or to inmate: Class D felony. Unauthorized conveyance of letter into or from, or use of false name to enter, correctional institution: Class A misdemeanor.

Section 53a-174a. - Possession of weapon or dangerous instrument in correctional institution: Class B felony.

Section 53a-174b. - Conveyance or use of electronic wireless communication device in correctional institution: Class A misdemeanor.

Section 53a-175. - Riot in the first degree: Class A misdemeanor.

Section 53a-176. - Riot in the second degree: Class B misdemeanor.

Section 53a-177. - Unlawful assembly: Class B misdemeanor.

Section 53a-178. - Inciting to riot: Class A misdemeanor.

Section 53a-179. - Criminal advocacy: Class D felony.

Section 53a-179a. - Inciting injury to persons or property: Class C felony.

Section 53a-179b. - Rioting at correctional institution: Class B felony.

Section 53a-179c. - Inciting to riot at correctional institution: Class C felony.

Section 53a-180. - Falsely reporting an incident in the first degree: Class D or C felony.

Section 53a-180a. - Falsely reporting an incident resulting in serious physical injury or death: Class C or B felony.

Section 53a-180b. - Falsely reporting an incident concerning serious physical injury or death: Class D or C felony.

Section 53a-180c. - Falsely reporting an incident in the second degree: Class A misdemeanor or Class E felony.

Section 53a-180d. - Misuse of the emergency 9-1-1 system: Class B or A misdemeanor.

Section 53a-180aa. - Breach of the peace in the first degree: Class D felony.

Section 53a-181. - Breach of the peace in the second degree: Class B misdemeanor.

Section 53a-181a. - Creating a public disturbance: Infraction.

Section 53a-181b. - Intimidation based on bigotry or bias: Class D felony.

Section 53a-181c. - Stalking in the first degree: Class D felony.

Section 53a-181d. - Stalking in the second degree: Class A misdemeanor.

Section 53a-181e. - Stalking in the third degree: Class B misdemeanor.

Section 53a-181f. - Electronic stalking: Class D felony.

Section 53a-181i. - Intimidation based on bigotry or bias: Definitions.

Section 53a-181j. - Intimidation based on bigotry or bias in the first degree: Class C felony.

Section 53a-181k. - Intimidation based on bigotry or bias in the second degree: Class D felony.

Section 53a-181l. - Intimidation based on bigotry or bias in the third degree: Class E felony.

Section 53a-182. - Disorderly conduct: Class C misdemeanor.

Section 53a-182a. - Obstructing free passage: Class C misdemeanor.

Section 53a-182b. - Harassment in the first degree: Class D felony.

Section 53a-183. - Harassment in the second degree: Class C misdemeanor.

Section 53a-183a. - Obstructing or interfering with the lawful taking of wildlife: Class C misdemeanor.

Section 53a-183b. - Interfering with an emergency call: Class A misdemeanor.

Section 53a-183c. - Disruption of a funeral: Class A misdemeanor.

Section 53a-184 and 53a-184a. - Intoxication by drug; definition, commitment, treatment, penalty. Intoxication by alcohol or drug; definition, commitment, dismissal of criminal proceedings, unclassified misdemeanor.

Section 53a-185. - Loitering on school grounds: Class C misdemeanor.

Section 53a-186. - Public indecency: Class B misdemeanor.

Section 53a-187. - Definitions. Applicability.

Section 53a-188. - Tampering with private communications: Class A misdemeanor.

Section 53a-189. - Eavesdropping: Class D felony.

Section 53a-189a. - Voyeurism: Class D or C felony.

Section 53a-189b. - Disseminating voyeuristic material: Class D felony.

Section 53a-189c. - Unlawful dissemination of an intimate image: Class A misdemeanor or class D felony.

Section 53a-190. - Bigamy: Class D felony.

Section 53a-191. - Incest: Class D felony.

Section 53a-192. - Coercion: Class A misdemeanor or class D felony.

Section 53a-192a. - Trafficking in persons: Class A felony.

Section 53a-193. - Definitions.

Section 53a-194. - Obscenity: Class B misdemeanor.

Section 53a-195. - Defense.

Section 53a-196. - Obscenity as to minors: Class D felony.

Section 53a-196a. - Employing a minor in an obscene performance: Class A felony.

Section 53a-196b. - Promoting a minor in an obscene performance: Class B felony.

Section 53a-196c. - Importing child pornography: Class B felony.

Section 53a-196d. - Possessing child pornography in the first degree: Class B felony.

Section 53a-196e. - Possessing child pornography in the second degree: Class C felony.

Section 53a-196f. - Possessing child pornography in the third degree: Class D felony.

Section 53a-196g. - Possessing child pornography: Affirmative defenses.

Section 53a-196h. - Possessing or transmitting child pornography by minor: Class A misdemeanor.

Section 53a-196i. - Commercial sexual exploitation of a minor: Class C felony.

Section 53a-197 and 53a-198. - Disseminating indecent comic books: Class A misdemeanor. Failing to identify a comic book publication: Violation.

Section 53a-199. - Injunction against promoting any obscene material or performance.

Section 53a-200. - Institution of action for adjudication of obscenity.

Section 53a-201. - Presentation of material or evidence depicting performance. Probable cause determination. Time for trial and decision.

Section 53a-202. - Third party may be made a party.

Section 53a-203. - Jury trial.

Section 53a-204. - Evidence.

Section 53a-205. - Judgment.

Section 53a-206. - Injunction and restraining order.

Section 53a-207. - Service of process on nonresidents.

Section 53a-208. - Extradition.

Section 53a-209. - Penalties.

Section 53a-210. - Levy of fine against property.

Section 53a-211. - Possession of a sawed-off shotgun or silencer: Class D felony.

Section 53a-212. - Stealing a firearm: Class C felony.

Section 53a-213. - Drinking while operating a motor vehicle: Class C misdemeanor.

Section 53a-213a. - Smoking, otherwise inhaling or ingesting cannabis while operating a motor vehicle: Class C misdemeanor.

Section 53a-213b. - Smoking, otherwise inhaling or ingesting cannabis as a passenger in a motor vehicle: Class D misdemeanor.

Section 53a-214. - Criminal lockout: Class C misdemeanor.

Section 53a-215. - Insurance fraud: Class D felony.

Section 53a-216. - Criminal use of firearm or electronic defense weapon: Class D felony.

Section 53a-217. - *(See end of section for amended version and effective date.) Criminal possession of a firearm, ammunition or an electronic defense weapon: Class C felony.

Section 53a-217a. - Criminally negligent storage of a firearm: Class D felony.

Section 53a-217b. - Possession of a weapon on school grounds: Class D felony.

Section 53a-217c. - *(See end of section for amended version and effective date.) Criminal possession of a pistol or revolver: Class C felony.

Section 53a-217d. - Criminal possession of body armor: Class A misdemeanor.

Section 53a-217e. - Negligent hunting. Penalties. Fines deposited in the Criminal Injuries Compensation Fund. Suspension of hunting license. Forfeiture of hunting weapon. Prima facie evidence of hunting.

Section 53a-218. - Interference with a cemetery or burial ground: Class C felony.

Section 53a-219. - Unlawful possession or sale of gravestones: Class D felony.

Section 53a-220. - Interference with a memorial plaque: Class A misdemeanor.

Section 53a-221. - Unlawful possession, purchase or sale of a memorial plaque: Class A misdemeanor.

Section 53a-221a. - Interference with a war or veterans' memorial or monument: Class D felony.

Section 53a-221b. - Unlawful possession, purchase or sale of a war or veterans' memorial or monument: Class D felony.

Section 53a-222. - Violation of conditions of release in the first degree: Class D or Class C felony.

Section 53a-222a. - Violation of conditions of release in the second degree: Class A misdemeanor or Class D felony.

Section 53a-223. (Formerly Sec. 53a-110b). - Criminal violation of a protective order: Class D or class C felony.

Section 53a-223a. (Formerly Sec. 53a-110c). - Criminal violation of a standing criminal protective order: Class D or class C felony.

Section 53a-223b. - Criminal violation of a restraining order: Class D or class C felony.

Section 53a-223c. - Criminal violation of a civil protection order: Class D felony.

Section 53a-224. - Recruiting a member of a criminal gang: Class A misdemeanor.

Section 53a-225. - Enticing a juvenile to commit a criminal act: Class A misdemeanor or class D felony.

Section 53a-250. - Definitions.

Section 53a-251. - Computer crime.

Section 53a-252. - Computer crime in the first degree: Class B felony.

Section 53a-253. - Computer crime in the second degree: Class C felony.

Section 53a-254. - Computer crime in the third degree: Class D felony.

Section 53a-255. - Computer crime in the fourth degree: Class A misdemeanor.

Section 53a-256. - Computer crime in the fifth degree: Class B misdemeanor.

Section 53a-257. - Alternative fine based on defendant's gain.

Section 53a-258. - Determination of degree of crime.

Section 53a-259. - Value of property or computer services.

Section 53a-260. - Location of offense.

Section 53a-261. - Jurisdiction.

Section 53a-262. - Computer extortion by use of ransomware: Class E felony.

Section 53a-275. - Money laundering. Definitions.

Section 53a-276. - Money laundering in the first degree: Class B felony.

Section 53a-277. - Money laundering in the second degree: Class C felony.

Section 53a-278. - Money laundering in the third degree: Class D felony.

Section 53a-279. - Money laundering in the fourth degree: Class A misdemeanor.

Section 53a-280. - Money laundering. Alternative fine.

Section 53a-281. - Money laundering. Corporate fines.

Section 53a-282. - Money laundering. Presumptions.

Section 53a-290. - “Vendor fraud” defined.

Section 53a-291. - Vendor fraud in the first degree: Class B felony.

Section 53a-292. - Vendor fraud in the second degree: Class C felony.

Section 53a-293. - Vendor fraud in the third degree: Class D felony.

Section 53a-294. - Vendor fraud in the fourth degree: Class A misdemeanor.

Section 53a-295. - Vendor fraud in the fifth degree: Class B misdemeanor.

Section 53a-296. - Vendor fraud in the sixth degree: Class C misdemeanor.

Section 53a-300. - Act of terrorism. Enhanced sentence.

Section 53a-301. - Computer crime in furtherance of terrorist purposes: Class B felony.

Section 53a-302. - Criminal misrepresentation: Class C felony.

Section 53a-303. - Contaminating a public water supply or food supply for terrorist purposes: Class C felony.

Section 53a-304. - Damage to public transportation property for terrorist purposes: Class C felony.

Section 53a-320. - Definitions.

Section 53a-321. - Abuse in the first degree: Class C felony.

Section 53a-322. - Abuse in the second degree: Class D felony.

Section 53a-323. - Abuse in the third degree: Class A misdemeanor.