After a decedent dies, in the case of an estate, or after an income interest in a trust ends, the following rules apply:
(1) A fiduciary of an estate or of a terminating income interest shall determine the amount of net income and net principal receipts received from property specifically given to a beneficiary under the rules in sections 45a-542f to 45a-542cc, inclusive, which apply to trustees and the rules in subdivision (5) of this section. The fiduciary shall distribute the net income and net principal receipts to the beneficiary who is to receive the specific property.
(2) A fiduciary shall determine the remaining net income of a decedent's estate or a terminating income interest under the rules in sections 45a-542f to 45a-542cc, inclusive, which apply to trustees and by:
(A) Including in net income all income from property used to discharge liabilities;
(B) Paying from income or principal, in the fiduciary's discretion, fees of attorneys, accountants and fiduciaries; court costs and other expenses of administration; and interest on death taxes, but the fiduciary may pay those expenses from income of property passing to a trust for which the fiduciary claims an estate tax marital or charitable deduction only to the extent that the payment of those expenses from income will not cause the reduction or loss of the deduction; and
(C) Paying from principal all other disbursements made or incurred in connection with the settlement of a decedent's estate or the winding up of a terminating income interest, including debts, funeral expenses, disposition of remains, family allowances and death taxes and related penalties that are apportioned to the estate or terminating income interest by the will, the terms of the trust or applicable law.
(3) A fiduciary shall distribute to a beneficiary who receives a pecuniary amount outright the interest or any other amount provided by the will, the terms of the trust or this subdivision from net income determined under subdivision (2) of this section or from principal to the extent that net income is insufficient. Unless a will or trust waives such interest or provides for its calculation in a different amount or manner, a pecuniary amount payable outright shall bear simple interest in the amount of six per cent per year, beginning one year after the date of death in the case of pecuniary amounts payable under a will, or one year after the day the income interest ends in the case of pecuniary amounts payable from a trust after an income interest ends, and ending on the day the pecuniary amount is paid.
(4) A fiduciary shall distribute the net income remaining after distributions required by subdivision (3) of this section in the manner described in section 45a-542e to all other beneficiaries, including a beneficiary who receives a pecuniary amount in trust, even if the beneficiary holds an unqualified power to withdraw assets from the trust or other presently exercisable general power of appointment over the trust.
(5) A fiduciary may not reduce principal or income receipts from property described in subdivision (1) of this section because of a payment described in sections 45a-542x and 45a-542y to the extent that the will, the terms of the trust or applicable law requires the fiduciary to make the payment from assets other than the property or to the extent that the fiduciary recovers or expects to recover the payment from a third party. The net income and principal receipts from the property are determined by including all of the amounts the fiduciary receives or pays with respect to the property, whether those amounts accrued or became due before, on, or after the date of a decedent's death or an income interest's terminating event, and by making a reasonable provision for amounts that the fiduciary believes the estate or terminating income interest may become obligated to pay after the property is distributed.
(P.A. 99-164, S. 5, 36.)
History: P.A. 99-164 effective January 1, 2000.
Structure Connecticut General Statutes
Title 45a - Probate Courts and Procedure
Section 45a-473. (Formerly Sec. 45-83). - Bonds of testamentary trustees.
Section 45a-474. (Formerly Sec. 45-84). - Vacancies in office of trustee.
Section 45a-476. (Formerly Sec. 45-86). - Legal title vests in trustee appointed to fill vacancy.
Section 45a-482. (Formerly Sec. 45-93a). - Distribution of assets of inoperative trust.
Section 45a-484. (Formerly Sec. 45-79c). - Termination of small trusts.
Section 45a-487j. - Short title: “Connecticut Qualified Dispositions in Trust Act”.
Section 45a-487k. - Definitions.
Section 45a-487l. - Appointment of trust director by transferor.
Section 45a-487n. - Irrevocability of trust instrument.
Section 45a-487o. - No retained interest of transferor.
Section 45a-487p. - Avoidance of qualified dispositions.
Section 45a-487q. - Persons not subject to qualified dispositions.
Section 45a-487r. - Effect of avoidance of qualified dispositions.
Section 45a-487s. - Applicability of sections 45a-487k to 45a-487r to qualified dispositions.
Section 45a-487t. - Applicability of rules.
Section 45a-490. - Short title: Uniform Statutory Rule Against Perpetuities.
Section 45a-491. - Statutory rule against perpetuities.
Section 45a-492. - When nonvested property interest or power of appointment created.
Section 45a-493. - Reformation.
Section 45a-494. - Exclusions from statutory rule against perpetuities.
Section 45a-495. - Prospective application.
Section 45a-496. - Uniformity of application and construction.
Section 45a-499a. - Short title: “Connecticut Uniform Trust Code”.
Section 45a-499aa. - Creation of trust induced by fraud, duress or undue influence.
Section 45a-499aaa. - Duty to administer trust.
Section 45a-499bb. - Evidence of oral trust.
Section 45a-499bbb. - Duty of loyalty.
Section 45a-499c. - Definitions.
Section 45a-499cc. - Noncharitable trust without ascertainable beneficiary.
Section 45a-499ccc. - Impartiality.
Section 45a-499d. - Knowledge.
Section 45a-499dd. - Modification or termination of trust; proceedings for approval or disapproval.
Section 45a-499ddd. - Prudent administration.
Section 45a-499e. - Default and mandatory rules.
Section 45a-499ee. - Modification or termination of noncharitable irrevocable trust by consent.
Section 45a-499eee. - Delegation by trustee.
Section 45a-499f. - Common law of trusts; principles of equity.
Section 45a-499fff. - Creditor's claims against settlor.
Section 45a-499g. - Governing law.
Section 45a-499ggg. - Control and protection of trust property.
Section 45a-499h. - Principal place of administration.
Section 45a-499hh. - Limitation on court authority to apply cy pres.
Section 45a-499hhh. - Recordkeeping and identification of trust property.
Section 45a-499i. - Methods and waiver of notice.
Section 45a-499ii. - Modification or termination of uneconomic trust.
Section 45a-499iii. - Enforcement and defense of claims.
Section 45a-499j. - Others treated as qualified beneficiaries.
Section 45a-499jj. - Reformation of noncharitable trust to correct mistakes.
Section 45a-499jjj. - Collecting trust property.
Section 45a-499k. - Nonjudicial settlement agreements.
Section 45a-499kk. - Modification to achieve settlor's tax objectives.
Section 45a-499kkk. - Trustee's duty to inform and report.
Section 45a-499l. - Insurable interest of trustee.
Section 45a-499ll. - Combination and division of trusts.
Section 45a-499lll. - Discretionary powers; tax savings.
Section 45a-499m. - Role of court in administration of trust.
Section 45a-499mm. - Personal obligations of trustee.
Section 45a-499mmm. - General powers of trustee.
Section 45a-499n. - Jurisdiction over trustee and beneficiary.
Section 45a-499nnn. - Specific powers of trustee.
Section 45a-499o. - Subject matter jurisdiction of Probate Courts and the Superior Court.
Section 45a-499oo. - Revocation or amendment of revocable trust.
Section 45a-499ooo. - Distribution of trust property upon termination.
Section 45a-499pp. - Settlor's powers; powers of withdrawal.
Section 45a-499ppp. - Breach of trust.
Section 45a-499q. - Representation: Basic effect.
Section 45a-499qqq. - Damages in absence of breach.
Section 45a-499r. - Representation by holder of general testamentary power of appointment.
Section 45a-499rr. - Accepting or declining trusteeship.
Section 45a-499rrr. - Limitation of action against trustee.
Section 45a-499ss. - Trustee's bond.
Section 45a-499sss. - Reliance on trust instrument.
Section 45a-499t. - Appointment of representative.
Section 45a-499tt. - Cotrustees.
Section 45a-499ttt. - Event affecting administration or distribution.
Section 45a-499u. - Designated representative.
Section 45a-499uu. - Vacancy in trusteeship; appointment of successor.
Section 45a-499uuu. - Exculpation of trustee.
Section 45a-499v. - Methods of creating trust.
Section 45a-499vv. - Resignation of trustee.
Section 45a-499vvv. - Beneficiary's consent, release or ratification.
Section 45a-499w. - Requirements for creation.
Section 45a-499ww. - Removal of trustee.
Section 45a-499www. - Limitation on personal liability of trustee.
Section 45a-499x. - Trusts created in other jurisdictions.
Section 45a-499xx. - Delivery of property by former trustee.
Section 45a-499xxx. - Interest as general partner.
Section 45a-499y. - Trust purposes.
Section 45a-499yy. - Compensation of trustee.
Section 45a-499yyy. - Protection of person dealing with trustee.
Section 45a-499z. - Charitable purposes; enforcement; conversion to new entity.
Section 45a-499zz. - Reimbursement of expenses.
Section 45a-499zzz. - Certification of trust.
Section 45a-500. - Uniformity of application and construction of trust.
Section 45a-500a. - Severability clause.
Section 45a-500b. - Short title: Connecticut Uniform Directed Trust Act.
Section 45a-500c. - Application; principal place of administration.
Section 45a-500d. - Common law and principles of equity.
Section 45a-500e. - Exclusions.
Section 45a-500f. - Powers of trust director.
Section 45a-500g. - Limitations on trust director.
Section 45a-500h. - Duty and liability of trust director.
Section 45a-500i. - Duty and liability of directed trustee.
Section 45a-500j. - Duty to provide information to trust director or trustee.
Section 45a-500k. - No duty to monitor, inform or advise.
Section 45a-500l. - Application to cotrustee.
Section 45a-500m. - Limitation of action against trust director.
Section 45a-500n. - Defenses in action against trust director.
Section 45a-500o. - Jurisdiction over trust director.
Section 45a-500p. - Office of trust director.
Section 45a-500q. - Uniformity of application and construction.
Section 45a-500r. - Relation to Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act.
Section 45a-503. (Formerly Sec. 45-95). - Rule against perpetuities. “Second look” doctrine.
Section 45a-504. (Formerly Sec. 45-96). - Reduction of age contingency to preserve interest.
Section 45a-506. (Formerly Sec. 45-98). - Limitations not invalidated, when.
Section 45a-507. (Formerly Sec. 45-99). - Application of rule.
Section 45a-514. (Formerly Sec. 45-79). - Charitable trusts.
Section 45a-515. (Formerly Sec. 45-80). - Charitable uses determined by trustee, when.
Section 45a-516. (Formerly Sec. 45-81). - Gifts to charitable community trust.
Section 45a-520. (Formerly Sec. 45-79b). - Termination of charitable trusts.
Section 45a-535. - Short title: Uniform Prudent Management of Institutional Funds Act.
Section 45a-535a. - Definitions.
Section 45a-535b. - Standard of conduct in managing and investing institutional funds.
Section 45a-535d. - Delegation of management and investment of institutional fund.
Section 45a-535f. - Determination of compliance with act.
Section 45a-535g. - Application to existing institutional funds.
Section 45a-535h. - Relation of act to Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act.
Section 45a-535i. - Uniformity of application and construction of act.
Section 45a-540. (Formerly Secs. 45-100a to 45-100c). - Powers in trust instruments act.
Section 45a-541. - Short title: Connecticut Uniform Prudent Investor Act.
Section 45a-541a. - Prudent investor rule.
Section 45a-541b. - Standard of care. Portfolio strategy. Risk and return objectives.
Section 45a-541c. - Diversification.
Section 45a-541d. - Duties at inception of trusteeship.
Section 45a-541f. - Impartiality.
Section 45a-541g. - Investment costs.
Section 45a-541h. - Reviewing compliance.
Section 45a-541i. - Delegation of investment and management functions.
Section 45a-541j. - Language invoking standards of act.
Section 45a-541k. - Uniformity of application and construction.
Section 45a-541l. - Applicability.
Section 45a-542. - Short title: Connecticut Principal and Income Act.
Section 45a-542a. - Definitions.
Section 45a-542aa. - Transfers from income to reimburse principal.
Section 45a-542b. - Fiduciary duties.
Section 45a-542bb. - Income taxes.
Section 45a-542c. - Trustee's power to adjust.
Section 45a-542cc. - Adjustments between principal and income as result of taxes.
Section 45a-542dd. - Uniformity of application and construction.
Section 45a-542e. - Distribution to beneficiaries.
Section 45a-542ee. - Severability clause.
Section 45a-542f. - Right to income.
Section 45a-542ff. - Application to existing trust or decedent's estate.
Section 45a-542h. - Apportionment when income interest ends.
Section 45a-542i. - Character of receipts.
Section 45a-542j. - Distribution from trust or estate.
Section 45a-542k. - Business and other activities conducted by trustee.
Section 45a-542l. - Principal receipts.
Section 45a-542m. - Rental property.
Section 45a-542n. - Obligation to pay money.
Section 45a-542o. - Insurance policies and similar contracts.
Section 45a-542p. - Insubstantial allocations not required.
Section 45a-542q. - Deferred compensation, annuities and similar payments. Separate funds.
Section 45a-542r. - Liquidating asset.
Section 45a-542s. - Minerals, water and other natural resources.
Section 45a-542u. - Property not productive of income.
Section 45a-542v. - Derivatives and options.
Section 45a-542w. - Asset-backed securities.
Section 45a-542x. - Disbursements from income.
Section 45a-542y. - Disbursements from principal.
Section 45a-542z. - Transfers from income to principal for depreciation.
Section 45a-543. - Determination by court re abuse of discretion by fiduciary.