Connecticut General Statutes
Chapter 474 - Pollution
Section 25-32. - Department of Public Health jurisdiction over and duties concerning water supplies, water companies and operators of water treatment plants and water distribution systems.

(a) The Department of Public Health shall have jurisdiction over all matters concerning the purity and adequacy of any water supply source used by any municipality, public institution or water company for obtaining water, the safety of any distributing plant and system for public health purposes, the adequacy of methods used to assure water purity, and such other matters relating to the construction and operation of such distributing plant and system as may affect public health.

(b) No water company shall sell, lease, assign or otherwise dispose of or change the use of any watershed lands, except as provided in section 25-43c, without a written permit from the Commissioner of Public Health. The commissioner shall not grant: (1) A permit for the sale of class I land, except as provided in subsection (d) of this section, (2) a permit for the lease of class I land except as provided in subsection (p) of this section, or (3) a permit for a change in use of class I land unless the applicant demonstrates that such change will not have a significant adverse impact upon the present and future purity and adequacy of the public drinking water supply and is consistent with any water supply plan filed and approved pursuant to section 25-32d. The commissioner may reclassify class I land only upon determination that such land no longer meets the criteria established by subsection (a) of section 25-37c because of abandonment of a water supply source or a physical change in the watershed boundary. Not more than fifteen days before filing an application for a permit under this section, the applicant shall provide notice of such intent, by certified mail, return receipt requested, to the chief executive officer and the chief elected official of each municipality in which the land is situated.
(c) The commissioner may grant a permit for the sale, lease, assignment or change in use of any land in class II subject to any conditions or restrictions in use which the commissioner may deem necessary to maintain the purity and adequacy of the public drinking water supply, giving due consideration to: (1) The creation and control of point or nonpoint sources of contamination; (2) the disturbance of ground vegetation; (3) the creation and control of subsurface sewage disposal systems; (4) the degree of water treatment provided; (5) the control of watershed land by the applicant through ownership, easements or use restrictions or other water supply source protection measures; (6) the effect of development of any such land; and (7) any other significant potential source of contamination of the public drinking water supply. The commissioner may grant a permit for the sale, lease or assignment of class II land to another water company, municipality or nonprofit land conservation organization provided, as a condition of approval, a permanent conservation easement on the land is entered into to preserve the land in perpetuity predominantly in its natural scenic and open condition for the protection of natural resources and public water supplies while allowing for recreation consistent with such protection and improvements necessary for the protection or provision of safe and adequate potable water. Preservation in perpetuity shall not include permission for the land to be developed for any commercial, residential or industrial uses, nor shall it include permission for recreational purposes requiring intense development, including, but not limited to, golf courses, driving ranges, tennis courts, ballfields, swimming pools and uses by motorized vehicles other than vehicles needed by water companies to carry out their purposes, provided trails or pathways for pedestrians, motorized wheelchairs or nonmotorized vehicles shall not be considered intense development. The commissioner may reclassify class II land only upon determination that such land no longer meets the criteria established by subsection (b) of section 25-37c because of abandonment of a water supply source or a physical change in the watershed boundary.
(d) The commissioner may grant a permit for (1) the sale of class I or II land to another water company, to a state agency or to a municipality, (2) the sale of class II land or the sale or assignment of a conservation restriction or a public access easement on class I or class II land to a private, nonprofit land-holding conservation organization, or (3) the sale of class I land to a private nonprofit land-holding conservation organization if the water company is denied a permit to abandon a source not in current use or needed by the water company pursuant to subsection (c) of section 25-33k, if the purchasing entity agrees to maintain the land subject to the provisions of this section, any regulations adopted pursuant to this section and the terms of any permit issued pursuant to this section. Such purchasing entity or assignee may not sell, lease or assign any such land or conservation restriction or public access easement or sell, lease, assign or change the use of such land without obtaining a permit pursuant to this section.
(e) The commissioner shall not grant a permit for the sale, lease, assignment or change in use of any land in class II unless (1) use restrictions applicable to such land will prevent the land from being developed, (2) the applicant demonstrates that the proposed sale, lease, assignment or change in use will not have a significant adverse impact upon the purity and adequacy of the public drinking water supply and that any use restrictions which the commissioner requires as a condition of granting a permit can be enforced against subsequent owners, lessees and assignees, (3) the commissioner determines, after giving effect to any use restrictions which may be required as a condition of granting the permit, that such proposed sale, lease, assignment or change in use will not have a significant adverse effect on the public drinking water supply, whether or not similar permits have been granted, and (4) on or after January 1, 2003, as a condition to the sale, lease or assignment of any class II lands, a permanent conservation easement on the land is entered into to preserve the land in perpetuity predominantly in its natural scenic and open condition for the protection of natural resources and public water supplies while allowing for recreation consistent with such protection and improvements necessary for the protection or provision of safe and adequate potable water, except in cases where the class II land is deemed necessary to provide access or egress to a parcel of class III land, as defined in section 25-37c, that is approved for sale. Preservation in perpetuity shall not include permission for the land to be developed for any commercial, residential or industrial uses, nor shall it include permission for recreational purposes requiring intense development, including, but not limited to, golf courses, driving ranges, tennis courts, ballfields, swimming pools and uses by motorized vehicles other than vehicles needed by water companies to carry out their purposes, provided trails or pathways for pedestrians, motorized wheelchairs or nonmotorized vehicles shall not be considered intense development.
(f) Nothing in this section shall prevent the lease or change in use of water company land to allow for recreational purposes that do not require intense development or improvements for water supply purposes, for leases of existing structures, or for radio towers or telecommunications antennas on existing structures. For purposes of this subsection, intense development includes golf courses, driving ranges, tennis courts, ballfields, swimming pools and uses by motorized vehicles, provided trails or pathways for pedestrians, motorized wheelchairs or nonmotorized vehicles shall not be considered intense development.
(g) As used in this section, (1) “water supply source” includes all springs, streams, watercourses, brooks, rivers, lakes, ponds, wells or underground waters from which water is taken, and all springs, streams, watercourses, brooks, rivers, lakes, ponds, wells or aquifer protection areas, as defined in section 22a-354h, thereto and all lands drained thereby; and (2) “watershed land” means land from which water drains into a public drinking water supply.
(h) The commissioner shall adopt and from time to time may amend the following: (1) Physical, chemical, radiological and microbiological standards for the quality of public drinking water; (2) minimum treatment methods, taking into account the costs of such methods, required for all sources of drinking water, including guidelines for the design and operation of treatment works and water sources, which guidelines shall serve as the basis for approval of local water supply plans by the commissioner; (3) minimum standards to assure the long-term purity and adequacy of the public drinking water supply to all residents of this state; and (4) classifications of water treatment plants and water distribution systems which treat or supply water used or intended for use by the public. On or after October 1, 1975, any water company which requests approval of any drinking water source shall provide for such treatment methods as specified by the commissioner, provided any water company in operation prior to October 1, 1975, and having such source shall comply with regulations adopted by the commissioner, in accordance with chapter 54, in conformance with The Safe Drinking Water Act, Public Law 93-523, and shall submit on or before February 1, 1976, a statement of intent to provide for treatment methods as specified by the commissioner, to the commissioner for approval. The commissioner shall adopt regulations, in accordance with chapter 54, requiring water companies to report elevated levels of copper in public drinking water.
(i) The department may perform the collection and testing of water samples required by regulations adopted by the commissioner pursuant to this section, in accordance with chapter 54, when requested to do so by a water company. The department shall collect a fee equal to the cost of such collection and testing. Water companies serving one thousand or more persons shall not request routine bacteriological or physical tests under this subsection.
(j) The condemnation by a state department, institution or agency of any land owned by a water company shall be subject to the provisions of this section.
(k) The commissioner may issue an order declaring a moratorium on the expansion or addition to any existing public water system that the commissioner deems incapable of providing new services with a pure and adequate water supply.
(l) The commissioner may issue, modify or revoke orders as needed to carry out the provisions of this part. Except as otherwise provided in this part, such order shall be issued, modified or revoked in accordance with procedures set forth in subsection (b) of section 25-34.
(m) The commissioner shall adopt regulations, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, to include local health departments in the notification process when a water utility reports a water quality problem.
(n) (1) On and after the effective date of regulations adopted under this subsection, no person may operate any water treatment plant, water distribution system or small water system that treats or supplies water used or intended for use by the public, test any backflow prevention device, or perform a cross connection survey without a certificate issued by the commissioner under this subsection. The commissioner shall adopt regulations, in accordance with chapter 54, to provide: (A) Standards for the operation of such water treatment plants, water distribution systems and small water systems; (B) standards and procedures for the issuance of certificates to operators of such water treatment plants, water distribution systems and small water systems, including, but not limited to, standards and procedures for the department's approval of third parties to administer certification examinations to such operators; (C) procedures for the renewal of such certificates every three years; (D) standards for training required for the issuance or renewal of a certificate; (E) standards and procedures for the department's approval of course providers and courses of study as they relate to certified operators of water treatment plants, water distribution systems and small water systems and certified persons who test backflow prevention devices or perform cross connection surveys for initial and renewal applications; and (F) standards and procedures for the issuance and renewal of certificates to persons who test backflow prevention devices or perform cross connection surveys. Such regulations shall be consistent with applicable federal law and guidelines for operator certification programs promulgated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. For purposes of this subsection, “small water system” means a public water system, as defined in section 25-33d, that serves less than one thousand persons and has no treatment or has only treatment that does not require any chemical treatment, process adjustment, backwashing or media regeneration by an operator.
(2) The commissioner may take any disciplinary action set forth in section 19a-17, except for the assessment of a civil penalty under subdivision (7) of subsection (a) of section 19a-17, against an operator, a person who tests backflow prevention devices or a person who performs cross connection surveys holding a certificate issued under this subsection for any of the following reasons: (A) Fraud or material deception in procuring a certificate, the renewal of a certificate or the reinstatement of a certificate; (B) fraud or material deception in the performance of the certified operator's professional activities; (C) incompetent, negligent or illegal performance of the certified operator's professional activities; (D) conviction of the certified operator for a felony; or (E) failure of the certified operator to complete the training required under subdivision (1) of this subsection.
(3) The commissioner may issue an initial certificate to perform a function set forth in subdivision (1) of this subsection upon receipt of a completed application, in a form prescribed by the commissioner, together with an application fee as follows: (A) For a water treatment plant, water distribution system or small water system operator certificate, two hundred twenty-four dollars, except there shall be no such application fee required for a student enrolled in an accredited high school small water system operator certification course; (B) for a backflow prevention device tester certificate, one hundred fifty-four dollars; and (C) for a cross-connection survey inspector certificate, one hundred fifty-four dollars. A certificate issued pursuant to this subdivision shall expire three years from the date of issuance unless renewed by the certificate holder prior to such expiration date. The commissioner may renew a certificate for an additional three years upon receipt of a completed renewal application, in a form prescribed by the commissioner, together with a renewal application fee as follows: (i) For a water treatment plant, water distribution system or small water system operator certificate, ninety-eight dollars; (ii) for a backflow prevention device tester certificate, sixty-nine dollars; and (iii) for a cross-connection survey inspector certificate, sixty-nine dollars.
(o) The commissioner may adopt regulations, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, that incorporate by reference the provisions of the federal National Primary Drinking Water Regulations in 40 C.F.R. Parts 141 and 142, promulgated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, provided such regulations (1) are consistent with other regulations adopted pursuant to this section, and (2) explicitly incorporate any future amendments to said federal regulations.
(p) The commissioner may grant a permit for the lease of class I land associated with a groundwater source for use for public drinking water purposes to another water company that serves one thousand or more persons or two hundred fifty or more customers and maintains an approved water supply plan pursuant to section 25-32d, provided a water company acquiring such interest in the property demonstrates that such lease will improve conditions for the existing public drinking water system and will not have a significant adverse impact upon the present and future purity and adequacy of the public drinking water supply. Any water company requesting a permit under this subsection may be required to convey an easement that provides for the protection of the public water supply source and shall submit such easement and any provisions of the lease that pertain to the protection of the public water supply to the commissioner for approval.
(q) Notwithstanding any provision of this section, the commissioner may grant a permit for the lease or change in use of water company land to allow for telecommunications antennas, telecommunications towers, ancillary equipment, related access drives or utilities, used in the provision of personal wireless services, as defined in 47 USC 332(c)(7), if the commissioner determines such lease or change in use will not have an adverse impact on the purity and adequacy of the public drinking water supply and that any use restrictions which the commissioner requires as a condition of granting a permit can be enforced against subsequent owners, lessees and assignees. The permit application shall include, but not be limited to, documentation on the extent of other alternative sites considered unsuitable by the provider of wireless services and a finding by the commissioner that such lease or change in use of water company land will not have a significant adverse impact upon the purity and adequacy of the public drinking supply. Any permit granted under this subsection shall be subject to any conditions or restrictions which the commissioner may deem necessary to maintain the purity and adequacy of the public drinking water supply.
(1949 Rev., S. 4015; 1967, P.A. 691, S. 2; P.A. 74-303, S. 1; P.A. 75-513, S. 1, 5; P.A. 76-268; P.A. 77-606, S. 4, 10; 77-614, S. 323, 587, 610; P.A. 78-303, S. 71, 85, 136; P.A. 79-192; 79-522, S. 1, 2; P.A. 81-472, S. 139, 159; P.A. 85-336, S. 1, 6; P.A. 88-172, S. 3; 88-354, S. 4; P.A. 89-301, S. 3; P.A. 93-381, S. 9, 39; P.A. 95-211, S. 1; 95-257, S. 12, 21, 58; 95-329, S. 1, 31; P.A. 96-100, S. 2; P.A. 97-304, S. 21, 31; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 99-2, S. 63; P.A. 00-90, S. 1, 3; 00-203, S. 7, 11; P.A. 01-204, S. 4, 29; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-9, S. 73, 131; P.A. 03-252, S. 15; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 04-2, S. 45; P.A. 06-53, S. 3; P.A. 09-232, S. 47, 48; P.A. 11-242, S. 71; P.A. 12-197, S. 42; P.A. 13-298, S. 62; P.A. 14-231, S. 12; P.A. 17-10, S. 5; P.A. 19-194, S. 2.)
History: 1967 act gave health department jurisdiction over adequacy of water and ice supplies, safety of distributing plants and systems, adequacy of methods used to assure water purity, etc.; P.A. 74-303 made previous provisions Subsecs. (a) and (c), added new Subsec. (b) re disposition or change in use of any watershed land and defined the term “watershed land” in Subsec. (c); P.A. 75-513 added Subsec. (d) re physical, chemical and bacteriological standards for drinking water supplies; P.A. 76-268 added Subsec. (e) authorizing health department to collect and test water samples; P.A. 77-606 amended Subsec. (b) to specifically require “written permit” rather than “prior approval” and to replace provisions detailing procedure for disposition or use change with provisions for such disposition or use change of Class I land, inserted new Subsecs. (c) and (d) re provision for disposition or use change of Class II land, relettering remaining Subsecs. accordingly and added Subsec. (f)(3) (formerly Subsec. (d)), requiring standards to assure long-term adequacy of drinking water supplies; P.A. 77-614 replaced commissioner and department of health with commissioner and department of health services, effective January 1, 1979; P.A. 78-303 deleted references to abolished public health council in Subsec. (f), substituting commissioner of health services; P.A. 79-192 added Subsec. (h) re condemnation of land; P.A. 79-522 rephrased reference to water treatment plants and distribution systems and added reference to regulations adopted by commissioner in accordance with chapter 54 under Subsec. (a) and added Subsec. (f)(4) requiring classification of treatment plants and distribution systems; P.A. 81-472 made technical changes; P.A. 85-336 amended Subsec. (b) by authorizing reclassification of class I land, amended Subsec. (c) by authorizing reclassification of class II land, inserted new Subsec. (d) to require a permit for the sale of class I or II land and relettered the remaining subsections; P.A. 88-172 added Subsec. (j) re moratoriums; P.A. 88-354 amended Subsec. (b) by requiring applicant to provide notice to municipal officials not more than 15 days before filing an application; P.A. 89-301 added Subsec. (c)(5) requiring commissioner to consider the incremental effect of development in his decision and renumbering the remaining Subdiv. accordingly and amended Subsec. (e) to require determination that public drinking water supply would suffer no harm from sale, lease, assignment or change in use of land; P.A. 93-381 replaced department and commissioner of health services with department and commissioner of public health and addiction services, effective July 1, 1993; P.A. 95-211 added new Subsec. (c)(5) re control of watershed land, relettering remaining Subdivs. accordingly and deleting in Subdiv. (6) the requirement that the effect of development be “incremental”, added new Subsec. (e)(1) re class II and III land, renumbering the remaining Subdivs. and adding to Subdiv. (3) the requirement that the commissioner give effect to any use restrictions that may be required as a condition of granting the permit and replacing “harm” with “have a significant adverse effect on”; P.A. 95-257 replaced Commissioner and Department of Public Health and Addiction Services with Commissioner and Department of Public Health, effective July 1, 1995; P.A. 95-329 added Subsec. (k) re orders by the commissioner, effective July 1, 1995; P.A. 96-100 added Subsec. (l) concerning regulations re local health department notification; P.A. 97-304 amended Subsec. (d) to allow commissioner to grant a permit for the sale of class I or II land to a state agency, effective July 1, 1997; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 99-2 deleted reference to ice, added “aquifer protection areas” and made technical changes; P.A. 00-90 made technical changes in Subsecs. (a), (b), (c), (f), (g), (h), (k) and (l), amended Subsec. (a) by deleting provisions re qualifications of operators of water treatment plants and water distribution systems, amended Subsec. (g) by adding provisions requiring regulations re the reporting of elevated levels of copper in public drinking water, and added new Subsec. (m) re operators of water treatment plants and water distribution systems, effective May 26, 2000; P.A. 00-203 amended Subsec. (c) by adding provision re sale, lease or assignment of class II land to another water company, municipality or nonprofit land conservation organization, added Subsec. (e)(4) re sale, lease or assignment of class II land on or after January 1, 2003, and made articles separating Subdivs. “and” instead of “or”, inserted new Subsec. (f) re using land for recreational purposes, and redesignated former Subsecs. (f) to (m), inclusive, as Subsecs. (g) to (n), inclusive, effective July 1, 2000; P.A. 01-204 amended Subsec. (d) to allow the commissioner to grant a permit for the sale of class II land or the sale or assignment of a conservation restriction or a public access easement on class I or class II land to a private, nonprofit land-holding conservation organization, and to prohibit such purchasing entity or assignee from selling, leasing, or assigning any such land or conservation restriction or public access easement or from selling, leasing, assigning or changing the use of such land without obtaining a permit pursuant to the section, effective July 11, 2001; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-9 revised effective date of P.A. 01-204 but without affecting this section; P.A. 03-252 amended Subsec. (n) by adding provisions re jurisdiction over persons who test backflow prevention devices or perform cross connection surveys and making a technical change; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 04-2 added Subsec. (d)(3) re sale of land to a private nonprofit land-holding conservation organization; P.A. 06-53 added Subsec. (o) authorizing Commissioner of Public Health to adopt regulations that incorporate by reference federal drinking water regulations; P.A. 09-232 amended Subsec. (b) by redesignating existing language as Subdivs. (1) to (3), deleting provision re permit for assignment of class I land and adding reference to Subsec. (p) and added Subsec. (p) re commissioner's authority to grant permit for lease of class I land, effective July 8, 2009; P.A. 11-242 amended Subsec. (n) by adding provisions re small water system and deleting provision re adoption of regulations by February 1, 2001, in Subdiv. (1) and by adding Subdiv. (3) re issuance of initial and renewal certificates and fees therefor, effective July 1, 2011; P.A. 12-197 amended Subsec. (n)(3)(A) by adding exception re certain high school students; P.A. 13-298 added Subsec. (q) re commissioner's authority to grant permit for the lease or change in use of water company land to allow for telecommunications antennas, telecommunications towers, ancillary equipment, related access drives or utilities used in provision of personal wireless services, effective July 1, 2013; P.A. 14-231 amended Subsec. (e)(1) by deleting provision re land in class II sold, leased or assigned as part of larger parcel containing land in class III and making technical and conforming changes; P.A. 17-10 amended Subsec. (n)(2) by replacing reference to Sec. 19a-17(a)(6) with reference to Sec. 19a-17(a)(7); P.A. 19-194 amended Subsec. (n)(1) by adding provision re standards and procedures for approval of third parties to administer certification examinations to operators in Subpara. (B), added new Subpara. (E) re standards and procedures for department's approval of course providers and courses of study, and redesignated existing Subpara. (E) as Subpara. (F).
See Secs. 25-37a to 25-37g, inclusive, re regulation of water companies' lands.
Cited. 201 C. 592.

Structure Connecticut General Statutes