Colorado Code
Part 7 - Uniform Power of Attorney Act
§ 15-14-709. When Power of Attorney Effective

Source: L. 2009: Entire part added, (HB 09-1198), ch. 106, p. 388, § 1, effective April 9.
This section establishes a default rule that a power of attorney is effective when executed. If the principal chooses to create what is commonly known as a "springing" or contingent power of attorney one that becomes effective at a future date or upon a future event or contingency the principal may authorize the agent or someone else to provide written verification that the event or contingency has occurred (subsection (2)). Because the person authorized to verify the principal's incapacitation will likely need access to the principal's health information, subsection (4) qualifies that person to act as the principal's "personal representative" for purposes of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). See 45 C.F.R. § 164.502(g)(1)-(2) (2006) (providing that for purposes of disclosing an individual's protected health information, "a covered entity must . . . treat a personal representative as the individual"). Section 15-14-709 does not, however, empower the agent to make health-care decisions for the principal. See Section 15-14-703 and comment (discussing exclusion from this Act of powers to make health-care decisions).
The default rule reflects a "best practices" philosophy that any agent who can be trusted to act for the principal under a springing power of attorney should be trustworthy enough to hold an immediate power. Survey evidence suggests, however, that a significant number of principals still prefer springing powers, most likely to maintain privacy in the hope that they will never need a surrogate decision maker. See Linda S. Whitton, National Durable Power of Attorney Survey Results and Analysis, National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws, 6-7 (2002), http://www.law.upenn.edu/bll/ulc/dpoaa/surveyoct2002.htm (reporting that 23% of lawyer respondents found their clients preferred springing powers, 61% reported a preference for immediate powers, and 16% saw no trend; however, 89% stated that a power of attorney statute should authorize springing powers).
If the principal's incapacity is the trigger for a springing power of attorney and the principal has not authorized anyone to make that determination, or the authorized person is unable or unwilling to make the determination, this section provides a default mechanism to trigger the power. Incapacity based on the principal's impairment may be verified by a physician or licensed psychologist (subsection (3)(a)), and incapacity based on the principal's unavailability ( i.e., the principal is missing, detained, or unable to return to the United States) may be verified by an attorney at law, judge, or an appropriate governmental official (subsection (3)(b)). Examples of appropriate governmental officials who may be in a position to determine that the principal is incapacitated within the meaning of Section 15-14-702(5)(b) include an officer acting under authority of the United States Department of State or uniformed services of the United States or a sworn federal or state law enforcement officer. The default mechanism for triggering a power of attorney is available only when no incapacity determination has been made. It is not available to challenge the determination made by the principal's authorized designee.

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