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Chapter 1 - Code of Virginia
§ 1-1. Contents and designation of Code - The laws embraced in this and the following titles, chapters,...
§ 1-2. Effective date of Code - All the provisions of this Code shall be in force...
§ 1-2.1. Effective date of certain provisions - The following provisions of this Code shall become effective July...
§ 1-3. Repeal of acts of a general nature - All acts and parts of acts of a general nature,...
§ 1-4. Effect of such repeal generally; effect of revision or amendment of state Constitution - No such repeal nor any amendment or revision of the...
§ 1-5. Effect of such repeal as to persons in office - All persons who, at the time when such repeal takes...
§ 1-6. Effect of repeal of validating statutes - The repeal by any provisions of this Code of a...
§ 1-7. Acts passed between certain dates not affected - The enactment of this Code shall not affect any act...
§ 1-8. Notice, recognizance or process given, taken or issued before Code in force - Although a notice, recognizance or process shall have been given,...
§ 1-9. Pending cases; parties; where books, records and papers to remain - Nothing in this Code shall operate to discontinue any cause...
Chapter 2 - Common Law, Statutes and Rules of Construction
§ 1-10. Repealed - Repealed by Acts 2005, c. 839, cl. 10, effective October...
Chapter 2.1 - Common Law and Rules of Construction
§ 1-200. The common law - The common law of England, insofar as it is not...
§ 1-201. Acts of Parliament - The right and benefit of all writs, remedial and judicial,...
§ 1-202. General rule of construction - The rules and definitions set forth in this chapter shall...
§ 1-203. Adult - "Adult" means a person 18 years of age or more....
§ 1-204. Age of majority - For the purposes of all laws of the Commonwealth including...
§ 1-205. Bond with surety - "Bond with surety" includes the payment in cash of the...
§ 1-206. Certified mail equivalent to registered mail; certain subsequent mail or notice may be sent by regular mail - A. If any mail or notice is required to be...
§ 1-207. Child; juvenile; minor; infant - "Child," "juvenile," "minor," "infant," or any combination thereof means a...
§ 1-208. City - "City" means an independent incorporated community which became a city...
§ 1-208.1. Carbon-free energy; clean energy - "Carbon-free energy" or "clean energy" includes electric energy generated from...
§ 1-209. Collegial body - "Collegial body" means a governmental entity whose power or authority...
§ 1-210. Computation of time - A. When an act of the General Assembly or rule...
§ 1-211. Constitutional references - Whenever any act of the General Assembly in effect at...
§ 1-211.1. (Effective until July 1, 2024) Courthouse; posting of notices - If any notice, summons, order, or other official document of...
§ 1-211.1. (Effective July 1, 2024) Courthouse; posting of notices - If any notice, summons, order, or other official document of...
§ 1-212. Courts of record - "Courts of record" means the Supreme Court of Virginia, the...
§ 1-213. Delegation of duties assigned to political subdivision - The governing body of a political subdivision shall be responsible...
§ 1-214. Effective dates - A. All laws enacted at a regular session of the...
§ 1-215. Ex officio - "Ex officio" means service by virtue of one's office and...
§ 1-216. Gender - A word used in the masculine includes the feminine and...
§ 1-217. Headlines of sections - The headlines of the sections printed in black-face type are...
§ 1-218. Includes - "Includes" means includes, but not limited to. 2005, c. 839.
§ 1-219. Land; real estate - "Land," "lands," or "real estate" includes lands, tenements and hereditaments,...
§ 1-219.1. Limitations on eminent domain - A. The right to private property being a fundamental right,...
§ 1-220. Local ordinances incorporating state law by reference - When counties, cities and towns are empowered to incorporate by...
§ 1-221. Locality - "Locality" means a county, city, or town as the context...
§ 1-222. Majority authority - Whenever authority is conferred by law to three or more...
§ 1-222.1. Manufacturer - "Manufacturer" shall not include any farm or aggregation of farms...
§ 1-223. Month; year - "Month" means a calendar month and "year" means a calendar...
§ 1-224. Municipality; incorporated communities; municipal corporation - "Municipality," "incorporated communities," "municipal corporation," and words or terms of...
§ 1-225. Nonlegislative citizen member - "Nonlegislative citizen member" means any natural person who is not...
§ 1-226. Notary - "Notary" means notary public. Code 1919, § 5; Code 1950,...
§ 1-227. Number - A word used in the singular includes the plural and...
§ 1-228. Oath - "Oath" includes affirmation. Code 1919, § 5; Code 1950, §...
§ 1-229. Optional form of county government; effect of change in form - Whenever any county, city, town, political subdivision, or combination thereof...
§ 1-230. Person - "Person" includes any individual, corporation, partnership, association, cooperative, limited liability...
§ 1-231. When "person" includes business trust and limited liability company - Whenever the term "person" is defined to include both "corporation"...
§ 1-232. Person under disability - "Person under disability" includes a person less than 18 years...
§ 1-233. Personal estate - "Personal estate" includes chattels real and such other estate as,...
§ 1-234. Personal representative - "Personal representative" includes the executor of a will or the...
§ 1-235. Population; inhabitants - "Population" or "inhabitants" means with reference to any county, city,...
§ 1-236. Population classifications - Any act of the General Assembly with a population classification...
§ 1-237. Process - "Process" includes subpoenas, the summons and complaint in a civil...
§ 1-238. Reenacted - "Reenacted," when used in the title or enactment of a...
§ 1-239. Repeal not to affect liabilities; mitigation of punishment - No new act of the General Assembly shall be construed...
§ 1-240. Repeal not to revive former act - When an act of the General Assembly that has repealed...
§ 1-240.1. Rights of parents - A parent has a fundamental right to make decisions concerning...
§ 1-241. Seal - "Seal," when required to be affixed by any court or...
§ 1-242. Senate Committee on Privileges and Elections - "Senate Committee on Privileges and Elections," whenever the Committee is...
§ 1-243. Severability - The provisions of acts of the General Assembly or the...
§ 1-244. Short title citations - Whenever a subtitle, chapter, or article does not have a...
§ 1-245. State - "State," when applied to a part of the United States,...
§ 1-246. Stricken language or italics - Stricken language for deletions and italics for additions or changes...
§ 1-247. Summaries of legislation - Any legislative summary associated with a bill, joint resolution or...
§ 1-248. Supremacy of federal and state law - The Constitution and laws of the United States and of...
§ 1-249. Supreme Court - "Supreme Court" means the Supreme Court of Virginia. 1975, c....
§ 1-250. Swear; sworn - "Swear" or "sworn" means "affirm" or "affirmed." Code 1919, §...
§ 1-251. Systems of state highways - "Systems of state highways" means all systems of highways within...
§ 1-252. Tier-city - "Tier-city" means an incorporated community within a consolidated county that...
§ 1-253. Time zone - The United States Eastern Standard Time shall be in effect...
§ 1-254. Town - "Town" means any existing town or an incorporated community within...
§ 1-255. United States - "United States" includes the 50 states, the District of Columbia...
§ 1-256. Weights and measurements; metric equivalents - Words or terms relating to the customary system of weights...
§ 1-257. Written; writing; in writing - "Written," "writing," and "in writing" include any representation of words,...
Chapter 3 - Citizenship
§ 1-18. Repealed - Repealed by Acts 2005, c. 839, cl. 10, effective October...
Chapter 3.1 - Boundaries of the Commonwealth
§ 1-300. Boundaries - The territory and boundaries of the Commonwealth shall be and...
§ 1-301. Extent of territory of the Commonwealth after the Constitution of 1776 - The authorities in determining the extent of the territory of...
§ 1-302. Jurisdiction and ownership of Commonwealth over offshore waters and submerged lands - A. The jurisdiction of the Commonwealth shall extend to and...
§ 1-303. Cession of territory northwest of Ohio River - A. The territory northwest of the Ohio River ceded by...
§ 1-304. Boundary with North Carolina - The boundary line between the Commonwealth and North Carolina shall...
§ 1-305. Boundary with North Carolina eastward from low-water mark of Atlantic Ocean - The boundary line between the Commonwealth and North Carolina eastward...
§ 1-306. Boundary with Tennessee - The boundary line between the Commonwealth and Tennessee shall be...
§ 1-307. Compact and boundary with Kentucky - A. Except such part as may constitute the boundary line...
§ 1-308. Boundary with Maryland - The Black-Jenkins Award, which established the boundary line between the...
§ 1-309. Boundary with Maryland eastward from Assateague Island - The boundary line between the Commonwealth and Maryland eastward from...
§ 1-310. Boundary with Maryland in upper reaches of Pocomoke sound and lower reaches of Pocomoke River - A. The boundary line between the Commonwealth and Maryland in...
§ 1-311. Recession of portion of District of Columbia - That portion of the District of Columbia which, by an...
§ 1-312. Boundary with District of Columbia - The boundary line between the Commonwealth and the District of...
§ 1-313. Boundary line between Loudoun County, Virginia, and Jefferson County, West Virginia - A. The boundary line between Loudoun County, Virginia, and Jefferson...
Chapter 4 - Jurisdiction over Lands Acquired by the United States
§ 1-400. Conditional consent given to acquisition of lands by United States; concurrent jurisdiction ceded - A. On and after July 1, 1981, the conditional consent...
§ 1-401. Ceding additional jurisdiction to United States - A. Whenever the head or other authorized officer of any...
§ 1-402. Shenandoah National Park - The respective jurisdiction and powers of the Commonwealth and the...
§ 1-403. Conveyances of certain waste and unappropriated lands and marshlands to the United States - A. The Governor is authorized to execute in the name...
§ 1-404. Licensing sale of mixed alcoholic beverages on lands ceded to or owned by United States - The Virginia Alcoholic Beverage Control Authority may license the sale...
§ 1-405. Reversion to Commonwealth; recorded title prerequisite to vesting jurisdiction - A. As used in this section, unless the context requires...
§ 1-406. Conveyances to political subdivisions of lands ceded to and no longer used by United States - Whenever any land in the Commonwealth has been or is...
§ 1-407. Concurrent jurisdiction of Commonwealth and United States over certain lands leased to political subdivisions - Whenever the United States government has exclusive jurisdiction over property...
§ 1-408. Relinquishment by United States of jurisdiction over lands in the Commonwealth - Whenever a duly authorized official or agent of the United...
Chapter 5 - Emblems
§ 1-500. The great seal - The great seal of the Commonwealth shall consist of two...
§ 1-501. The lesser seal - The lesser seal of the Commonwealth shall be one and...
§ 1-502. Custody; impressions displayed in the Library of Virginia - The seals of the Commonwealth described in §§ 1-500 and...
§ 1-503. Uses and tax on great seal - The great seal shall be affixed to documents, signed by...
§ 1-504. Uses and tax on lesser seal - The lesser seal shall be affixed to all grants for...
§ 1-505. Seals deemed property of Commonwealth; unauthorized use; penalty - The seals of the Commonwealth shall be deemed the property...
§ 1-506. Flag of the Commonwealth - The flag of the Commonwealth shall be a deep blue...
§ 1-507. Governor to prescribe size of flag - The Governor shall regulate the size and dimensions of the...
§ 1-508. Director of General Services to have available flags of the Commonwealth for sale - The Director of the Department of General Services shall have...
§ 1-509. When flag to be suspended over Capitol - During the sessions of either house of the General Assembly...
§ 1-510. Official emblems and designations - The following are hereby designated official emblems and designations of...
§ 1-511. English designated the official language of the Commonwealth - English shall be designated as the official language of the...
§ 1-512. Poet laureate - The honorary position of Poet Laureate of Virginia is hereby...
Chapter 6 - Virginia Coordinate Systems
§ 1-600. Virginia coordinate systems designated - The systems of plane coordinates that have been established by...
§ 1-601. North and South Zones - For the purpose of the use of the Virginia Coordinate...
§ 1-602. Designation of systems in land description - A. As established for use in the North Zone, the...
§ 1-603. Plane coordinates used in systems - The plane coordinates of a point on the earth's surface,...
§ 1-604. Tract of land lying in both coordinate zones - When any tract of land to be defined by a...
§ 1-605. Definition of systems by National Ocean Service/National Geodetic Survey; adopted - A. For purposes of more precisely defining the Virginia Coordinate...
§ 1-606. Position of systems - The position of the Virginia coordinate systems shall be as...
§ 1-607. Limitation on use of systems - No coordinates based on the Virginia coordinate systems, purporting to...
§ 1-608. Limitation on use of name of systems - The use of the terms "Virginia Coordinate System of 1927"...
§ 1-609. Use of system not compulsory - For purposes of describing the location of any survey station...
§ 1-610. Old Dominion University designated as administrative agency - Old Dominion University is designated as the authorized state agency...