(a) Unless otherwise provided in this title or Title 8.4, an unauthorized signature is ineffective except as the signature of the unauthorized signer in favor of a person who in good faith pays the instrument or takes it for value. An unauthorized signature may be ratified for all purposes of this title.
(b) If the signature of more than one person is required to constitute the authorized signature of an organization, the signature of the organization is unauthorized if one of the required signatures is lacking.
(c) The civil or criminal liability of a person who makes an unauthorized signature is not affected by any provision of this title which makes the unauthorized signature effective for the purposes of this title.
Code 1950, §§ 6-361, 6-375; 1956, c. 149; 1964, c. 219, §§ 8.3-404, 8.3-405; 1992, c. 693.
Structure Code of Virginia
Title 8.3A - Commercial Code - Negotiable Instruments
§ 8.3A-402. Signature by representative
§ 8.3A-403. Unauthorized signature
§ 8.3A-404. Impostors; fictitious payees
§ 8.3A-405. Employer's responsibility for fraudulent endorsement by employee
§ 8.3A-406. Negligence contributing to forged signature or alteration of instrument
§ 8.3A-408. Drawee not liable on unaccepted draft
§ 8.3A-409. Acceptance of draft; certified check
§ 8.3A-410. Acceptance varying draft
§ 8.3A-411. Refusal to pay cashier's checks, teller's checks, and certified checks
§ 8.3A-412. Obligation of issuer of note or cashier's check
§ 8.3A-413. Obligation of acceptor
§ 8.3A-414. Obligation of drawer
§ 8.3A-415. Obligation of endorser
§ 8.3A-416. Transfer warranties
§ 8.3A-417. Presentment warranties
§ 8.3A-418. Payment or acceptance by mistake