(a) A person is not liable on an instrument unless (i) the person signed the instrument, or (ii) the person is represented by an agent or representative who signed the instrument and the signature is binding on the represented person under § 8.3A-402.
(b) A signature may be made (i) manually or by means of a device or machine, and (ii) by the use of any name, including a trade or assumed name, or by a word, mark, or symbol executed or adopted by a person with present intention to authenticate a writing.
Code 1950, § 6-370; 1964, c. 219, § 8.3-401; 1992, c. 693.
Structure Code of Virginia
Title 8.3A - Commercial Code - Negotiable Instruments
§ 8.3A-402. Signature by representative
§ 8.3A-403. Unauthorized signature
§ 8.3A-404. Impostors; fictitious payees
§ 8.3A-405. Employer's responsibility for fraudulent endorsement by employee
§ 8.3A-406. Negligence contributing to forged signature or alteration of instrument
§ 8.3A-408. Drawee not liable on unaccepted draft
§ 8.3A-409. Acceptance of draft; certified check
§ 8.3A-410. Acceptance varying draft
§ 8.3A-411. Refusal to pay cashier's checks, teller's checks, and certified checks
§ 8.3A-412. Obligation of issuer of note or cashier's check
§ 8.3A-413. Obligation of acceptor
§ 8.3A-414. Obligation of drawer
§ 8.3A-415. Obligation of endorser
§ 8.3A-416. Transfer warranties
§ 8.3A-417. Presentment warranties
§ 8.3A-418. Payment or acceptance by mistake