Any person who uses a computer or computer network, without authority and:
1. Obtains property or services by false pretenses;
2. Embezzles or commits larceny; or
3. Converts the property of another;
is guilty of the crime of computer fraud.
If the value of the property or services obtained is $1,000 or more, the crime of computer fraud shall be punishable as a Class 5 felony. Where the value of the property or services obtained is less than $1,000, the crime of computer fraud shall be punishable as a Class 1 misdemeanor.
1984, c. 751; 1985, c. 322; 2003, cc. 987, 1016; 2005, cc. 747, 761, 827, 837; 2018, cc. 764, 765; 2020, cc. 89, 401.
Structure Code of Virginia
Title 18.2 - Crimes and Offenses Generally
Chapter 5 - Crimes Against Property
§ 18.2-77. Burning or destroying dwelling house, etc.
§ 18.2-78. What not deemed dwelling house
§ 18.2-79. Burning or destroying meeting house, etc.
§ 18.2-80. Burning or destroying any other building or structure
§ 18.2-81. Burning or destroying personal property, standing grain, etc.
§ 18.2-84. Causing, inciting, etc., commission of act proscribed by § 18.2-83
§ 18.2-86. Setting fire to woods, fences, grass, etc.
§ 18.2-87. Setting woods, etc., on fire intentionally whereby another is damaged or jeopardized
§ 18.2-87.1. Setting off chemical bombs capable of producing smoke in certain public buildings
§ 18.2-88. Carelessly damaging property by fire
§ 18.2-89. Burglary; how punished
§ 18.2-92. Breaking and entering dwelling house with intent to commit other misdemeanor
§ 18.2-93. Entering bank, armed, with intent to commit larceny
§ 18.2-94. Possession of burglarious tools, etc.
§ 18.2-95. Grand larceny defined; how punished
§ 18.2-96. Petit larceny defined; how punished
§ 18.2-96.1. Identification of certain personalty
§ 18.2-97. Larceny of certain animals and poultry
§ 18.2-97.1. Removal of a transmitting device; penalty
§ 18.2-98. Larceny of bank notes, checks, etc., or any book of accounts
§ 18.2-99. Larceny of things fixed to the freehold
§ 18.2-100. Removal of crop by tenant before rents and advances are satisfied
§ 18.2-101. Selling, etc., of goods distrained or levied on
§ 18.2-102.1. Removal of shopping cart from store premises
§ 18.2-102.2. Unauthorized use of dairy milk cases or milk crates; penalty
§ 18.2-104.1. Liability upon conviction under § 18.2-103
§ 18.2-105.1. Detention of suspected shoplifter
§ 18.2-106. "Agents of the merchant" defined
§ 18.2-107. Theft or destruction of public records by others than officers
§ 18.2-108. Receiving, etc., stolen goods
§ 18.2-108.01. Larceny with intent to sell or distribute; sale of stolen property; penalty
§ 18.2-108.1. Receipt of stolen firearm
§ 18.2-109. Receipt or transfer of possession of stolen vehicle, aircraft or boat
§ 18.2-111. Embezzlement deemed larceny; indictment
§ 18.2-111.2. Failure to pay withheld child support; embezzlement
§ 18.2-112.1. Misuse of public assets; penalty
§ 18.2-114.1. When collection of money by commissioner, etc., larceny
§ 18.2-115.1. Unlawful sublease of a motor vehicle; penalty
§ 18.2-116. Failure to pay for or return goods delivered for selection or approval
§ 18.2-117. Failure of bailee to return animal, aircraft, vehicle or boat
§ 18.2-118. Fraudulent conversion or removal of leased personal property
§ 18.2-119. Trespass after having been forbidden to do so; penalties
§ 18.2-119.1. Validity of signs forbidding trespass; penalty
§ 18.2-121. Entering property of another for purpose of damaging it, etc.
§ 18.2-121.1. Permitting certain animals to run at large
§ 18.2-121.2. Trespass by spotlight on agricultural land
§ 18.2-121.3. Trespass with an unmanned aircraft system; penalty
§ 18.2-124. Jurisdiction over offenses committed in Capitol Square
§ 18.2-125. Trespass at night upon any cemetery
§ 18.2-126. Violation of sepulture; defilement of a dead human body; penalties
§ 18.2-127. Injuries to churches, church property, cemeteries, burial grounds, etc.; penalty
§ 18.2-128. Trespass upon church or school property
§ 18.2-130. Peeping or spying into dwelling or enclosure
§ 18.2-130.1. Peeping or spying into dwelling or occupied building by electronic device; penalty
§ 18.2-131. Trespass upon licensed shooting preserve
§ 18.2-132. Trespass by hunters and fishers
§ 18.2-132.1. Trespass by hunters using dogs; penalty
§ 18.2-133. Refusal of person on land, etc., of another to identify himself
§ 18.2-134. Trespass on posted property
§ 18.2-134.1. Method of posting lands
§ 18.2-135. Destruction of posted signs; posting land of another
§ 18.2-136.1. Enforcement of §§ 18.2-131 through 18.2-135
§ 18.2-137. Injuring, etc., any property, monument, etc.
§ 18.2-138. Damaging public buildings, etc.; penalty
§ 18.2-139. Injuries to trees, fences or herbage on grounds of Capitol, or in any public square
§ 18.2-140. Destruction of trees, shrubs, etc.
§ 18.2-141. Cutting or destroying trees; carrying axe, saw, etc., while hunting
§ 18.2-143. Pulling down fences or leaving open gates
§ 18.2-144. Maiming, killing or poisoning animals, fowl, etc.
§ 18.2-144.1. Prohibition against killing or injuring police animals; penalty
§ 18.2-145. Protection of homing pigeons
§ 18.2-145.1. Damaging or destroying research farm product; penalty; restitution
§ 18.2-147.2. Devices for puncturing motor vehicle tires
§ 18.2-148. Bona fide repossession under lien
§ 18.2-149. Injury to hired animal, aircraft, vehicle or boat
§ 18.2-150. Willfully destroying vessel, etc.
§ 18.2-151. Opening or carrying away pumps, etc., used for dispensing gasoline, etc.
§ 18.2-151.1. Injuring, destroying, removing, or tampering with firefighting equipment; penalty
§ 18.2-152. Stealing from or tampering with parking meter, vending machine, pay telephone, etc.
§ 18.2-152.2. Definitions; computer crimes
§ 18.2-152.3. Computer fraud; penalty
§ 18.2-152.3:1. Transmission of unsolicited commercial electronic mail (spam); penalty
§ 18.2-152.4. Computer trespass; penalty
§ 18.2-152.5. Computer invasion of privacy; penalties
§ 18.2-152.5:1. Using a computer to gather identifying information; penalties
§ 18.2-152.6. Theft of computer services; penalties
§ 18.2-152.7. Personal trespass by computer; penalty
§ 18.2-152.7:1. Harassment by computer; penalty
§ 18.2-152.7:2. Using computer to commit a scheme involving false representations; penalty
§ 18.2-152.8. Property capable of embezzlement
§ 18.2-152.11. Article not exclusive
§ 18.2-152.12. Civil relief; damages
§ 18.2-152.14. Computer as instrument of forgery
§ 18.2-152.15. Encryption used in criminal activity
§ 18.2-152.17. Fraudulent procurement, sale, or receipt of telephone records
§ 18.2-153. Obstructing or injuring canal, railroad, power line, etc.
§ 18.2-154. Shooting at or throwing missiles, etc., at train, car, vessel, etc.; penalty
§ 18.2-155. Injuring, etc., signal used by railroad
§ 18.2-156. Taking or removing waste or packing from journal boxes
§ 18.2-157. Injury to fences or cattle stops along line of railroad
§ 18.2-158. Driving, etc., animal on track to recover damages
§ 18.2-159. Trespassing on railroad track
§ 18.2-160. Trespassing on railroad trains
§ 18.2-160.2. Trespassing on public transportation; penalty
§ 18.2-160.3. Fare enforcement inspectors; failure to produce proof of payment of fare; penalty
§ 18.2-162. Damage or trespass to public services or utilities
§ 18.2-162.1. Diverting wastewater line; diverting or wasting public water supply
§ 18.2-163. Tampering with metering device; diverting service; civil liability
§ 18.2-165. Unlawful use of, or injury to, television or radio signals and equipment
§ 18.2-165.1. Tampering with or unlawful use of cable television service
§ 18.2-165.2. Unlawful interference with emergency two-way radio communications; penalty
§ 18.2-167. Selling or transferring certain telephonic instruments
§ 18.2-167.1. Interception or monitoring of customer telephone calls; penalty