For purposes of this article:
"Commercial electronic mail" means electronic mail, the primary purpose of which is the advertisement or promotion of a commercial product or service.
"Computer" means a device that accepts information in digital or similar form and manipulates it for a result based on a sequence of instructions. Such term does not include simple calculators, automated typewriters, facsimile machines, or any other specialized computing devices that are preprogrammed to perform a narrow range of functions with minimal end-user or operator intervention and are dedicated to a specific task.
"Computer data" means any representation of information, knowledge, facts, concepts, or instructions which is being prepared or has been prepared and is intended to be processed, is being processed, or has been processed in a computer or computer network. "Computer data" may be in any form, whether readable only by a computer or only by a human or by either, including, but not limited to, computer printouts, magnetic storage media, punched cards, or stored internally in the memory of the computer.
"Computer network" means two or more computers connected by a network.
"Computer operation" means arithmetic, logical, monitoring, storage or retrieval functions and any combination thereof, and includes, but is not limited to, communication with, storage of data to, or retrieval of data from any device or human hand manipulation of electronic or magnetic impulses. A "computer operation" for a particular computer may also be any function for which that computer was generally designed.
"Computer program" means an ordered set of data representing coded instructions or statements that, when executed by a computer, causes the computer to perform one or more computer operations.
"Computer services" means computer time or services, including data processing services, Internet services, electronic mail services, electronic message services, or information or data stored in connection therewith.
"Computer software" means a set of computer programs, procedures and associated documentation concerned with computer data or with the operation of a computer, computer program, or computer network.
"Electronic mail service provider" (EMSP) means any person who (i) is an intermediary in sending or receiving electronic mail and (ii) provides to end-users of electronic mail services the ability to send or receive electronic mail.
"Financial instrument" includes, but is not limited to, any check, draft, warrant, money order, note, certificate of deposit, letter of credit, bill of exchange, credit or debit card, transaction authorization mechanism, marketable security, or any computerized representation thereof.
"Network" means any combination of digital transmission facilities and packet switches, routers, and similar equipment interconnected to enable the exchange of computer data.
"Owner" means an owner or lessee of a computer or a computer network or an owner, lessee, or licensee of computer data, computer programs or computer software.
"Person" shall include any individual, partnership, association, corporation or joint venture.
"Property" shall include:
1. Real property;
2. Computers and computer networks;
3. Financial instruments, computer data, computer programs, computer software and all other personal property regardless of whether they are:
a. Tangible or intangible;
b. In a format readable by humans or by a computer;
c. In transit between computers or within a computer network or between any devices which comprise a computer; or
d. Located on any paper or in any device on which it is stored by a computer or by a human; and
4. Computer services.
"Spam" means unsolicited commercial electronic mail. Spam shall not include commercial electronic mail transmitted to a recipient with whom the sender has an existing business or personal relationship.
A person "uses" a computer or computer network when he attempts to cause or causes a computer or computer network to perform or to stop performing computer operations.
A person is "without authority" when he knows or reasonably should know that he has no right, agreement, or permission or acts in a manner knowingly exceeding such right, agreement, or permission.
1984, c. 751; 1999, cc. 886, 904, 905; 2000, c. 627; 2003, cc. 987, 1016; 2005, cc. 761, 812, 827; 2009, cc. 321, 376; 2010, c. 489.
Structure Code of Virginia
Title 18.2 - Crimes and Offenses Generally
Chapter 5 - Crimes Against Property
§ 18.2-77. Burning or destroying dwelling house, etc.
§ 18.2-78. What not deemed dwelling house
§ 18.2-79. Burning or destroying meeting house, etc.
§ 18.2-80. Burning or destroying any other building or structure
§ 18.2-81. Burning or destroying personal property, standing grain, etc.
§ 18.2-84. Causing, inciting, etc., commission of act proscribed by § 18.2-83
§ 18.2-86. Setting fire to woods, fences, grass, etc.
§ 18.2-87. Setting woods, etc., on fire intentionally whereby another is damaged or jeopardized
§ 18.2-87.1. Setting off chemical bombs capable of producing smoke in certain public buildings
§ 18.2-88. Carelessly damaging property by fire
§ 18.2-89. Burglary; how punished
§ 18.2-92. Breaking and entering dwelling house with intent to commit other misdemeanor
§ 18.2-93. Entering bank, armed, with intent to commit larceny
§ 18.2-94. Possession of burglarious tools, etc.
§ 18.2-95. Grand larceny defined; how punished
§ 18.2-96. Petit larceny defined; how punished
§ 18.2-96.1. Identification of certain personalty
§ 18.2-97. Larceny of certain animals and poultry
§ 18.2-97.1. Removal of a transmitting device; penalty
§ 18.2-98. Larceny of bank notes, checks, etc., or any book of accounts
§ 18.2-99. Larceny of things fixed to the freehold
§ 18.2-100. Removal of crop by tenant before rents and advances are satisfied
§ 18.2-101. Selling, etc., of goods distrained or levied on
§ 18.2-102.1. Removal of shopping cart from store premises
§ 18.2-102.2. Unauthorized use of dairy milk cases or milk crates; penalty
§ 18.2-104.1. Liability upon conviction under § 18.2-103
§ 18.2-105.1. Detention of suspected shoplifter
§ 18.2-106. "Agents of the merchant" defined
§ 18.2-107. Theft or destruction of public records by others than officers
§ 18.2-108. Receiving, etc., stolen goods
§ 18.2-108.01. Larceny with intent to sell or distribute; sale of stolen property; penalty
§ 18.2-108.1. Receipt of stolen firearm
§ 18.2-109. Receipt or transfer of possession of stolen vehicle, aircraft or boat
§ 18.2-111. Embezzlement deemed larceny; indictment
§ 18.2-111.2. Failure to pay withheld child support; embezzlement
§ 18.2-112.1. Misuse of public assets; penalty
§ 18.2-114.1. When collection of money by commissioner, etc., larceny
§ 18.2-115.1. Unlawful sublease of a motor vehicle; penalty
§ 18.2-116. Failure to pay for or return goods delivered for selection or approval
§ 18.2-117. Failure of bailee to return animal, aircraft, vehicle or boat
§ 18.2-118. Fraudulent conversion or removal of leased personal property
§ 18.2-119. Trespass after having been forbidden to do so; penalties
§ 18.2-119.1. Validity of signs forbidding trespass; penalty
§ 18.2-121. Entering property of another for purpose of damaging it, etc.
§ 18.2-121.1. Permitting certain animals to run at large
§ 18.2-121.2. Trespass by spotlight on agricultural land
§ 18.2-121.3. Trespass with an unmanned aircraft system; penalty
§ 18.2-124. Jurisdiction over offenses committed in Capitol Square
§ 18.2-125. Trespass at night upon any cemetery
§ 18.2-126. Violation of sepulture; defilement of a dead human body; penalties
§ 18.2-127. Injuries to churches, church property, cemeteries, burial grounds, etc.; penalty
§ 18.2-128. Trespass upon church or school property
§ 18.2-130. Peeping or spying into dwelling or enclosure
§ 18.2-130.1. Peeping or spying into dwelling or occupied building by electronic device; penalty
§ 18.2-131. Trespass upon licensed shooting preserve
§ 18.2-132. Trespass by hunters and fishers
§ 18.2-132.1. Trespass by hunters using dogs; penalty
§ 18.2-133. Refusal of person on land, etc., of another to identify himself
§ 18.2-134. Trespass on posted property
§ 18.2-134.1. Method of posting lands
§ 18.2-135. Destruction of posted signs; posting land of another
§ 18.2-136.1. Enforcement of §§ 18.2-131 through 18.2-135
§ 18.2-137. Injuring, etc., any property, monument, etc.
§ 18.2-138. Damaging public buildings, etc.; penalty
§ 18.2-139. Injuries to trees, fences or herbage on grounds of Capitol, or in any public square
§ 18.2-140. Destruction of trees, shrubs, etc.
§ 18.2-141. Cutting or destroying trees; carrying axe, saw, etc., while hunting
§ 18.2-143. Pulling down fences or leaving open gates
§ 18.2-144. Maiming, killing or poisoning animals, fowl, etc.
§ 18.2-144.1. Prohibition against killing or injuring police animals; penalty
§ 18.2-145. Protection of homing pigeons
§ 18.2-145.1. Damaging or destroying research farm product; penalty; restitution
§ 18.2-147.2. Devices for puncturing motor vehicle tires
§ 18.2-148. Bona fide repossession under lien
§ 18.2-149. Injury to hired animal, aircraft, vehicle or boat
§ 18.2-150. Willfully destroying vessel, etc.
§ 18.2-151. Opening or carrying away pumps, etc., used for dispensing gasoline, etc.
§ 18.2-151.1. Injuring, destroying, removing, or tampering with firefighting equipment; penalty
§ 18.2-152. Stealing from or tampering with parking meter, vending machine, pay telephone, etc.
§ 18.2-152.2. Definitions; computer crimes
§ 18.2-152.3. Computer fraud; penalty
§ 18.2-152.3:1. Transmission of unsolicited commercial electronic mail (spam); penalty
§ 18.2-152.4. Computer trespass; penalty
§ 18.2-152.5. Computer invasion of privacy; penalties
§ 18.2-152.5:1. Using a computer to gather identifying information; penalties
§ 18.2-152.6. Theft of computer services; penalties
§ 18.2-152.7. Personal trespass by computer; penalty
§ 18.2-152.7:1. Harassment by computer; penalty
§ 18.2-152.7:2. Using computer to commit a scheme involving false representations; penalty
§ 18.2-152.8. Property capable of embezzlement
§ 18.2-152.11. Article not exclusive
§ 18.2-152.12. Civil relief; damages
§ 18.2-152.14. Computer as instrument of forgery
§ 18.2-152.15. Encryption used in criminal activity
§ 18.2-152.17. Fraudulent procurement, sale, or receipt of telephone records
§ 18.2-153. Obstructing or injuring canal, railroad, power line, etc.
§ 18.2-154. Shooting at or throwing missiles, etc., at train, car, vessel, etc.; penalty
§ 18.2-155. Injuring, etc., signal used by railroad
§ 18.2-156. Taking or removing waste or packing from journal boxes
§ 18.2-157. Injury to fences or cattle stops along line of railroad
§ 18.2-158. Driving, etc., animal on track to recover damages
§ 18.2-159. Trespassing on railroad track
§ 18.2-160. Trespassing on railroad trains
§ 18.2-160.2. Trespassing on public transportation; penalty
§ 18.2-160.3. Fare enforcement inspectors; failure to produce proof of payment of fare; penalty
§ 18.2-162. Damage or trespass to public services or utilities
§ 18.2-162.1. Diverting wastewater line; diverting or wasting public water supply
§ 18.2-163. Tampering with metering device; diverting service; civil liability
§ 18.2-165. Unlawful use of, or injury to, television or radio signals and equipment
§ 18.2-165.1. Tampering with or unlawful use of cable television service
§ 18.2-165.2. Unlawful interference with emergency two-way radio communications; penalty
§ 18.2-167. Selling or transferring certain telephonic instruments
§ 18.2-167.1. Interception or monitoring of customer telephone calls; penalty