California Code
Evidence Code - EVID

DIVISION 1 - PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS AND CONSTRUCTION

Section 1. - 1. This code shall be known as the Evidence Code....

Section 2. - 2. The rule of the common law, that statutes in...

Section 3. - 3. If any provision or clause of this code or...

Section 4. - 4. Unless the provision or context otherwise requires, these preliminary...

Section 5. - 5. Division, chapter, article, and section headings do not in...

Section 6. - 6. Whenever any reference is made to any portion of...

Section 7. - 7. Unless otherwise expressly stated: (a) “Division” means a division...

Section 8. - 8. The present tense includes the past and future tenses;...

Section 9. - 9. The masculine gender includes the feminine and neuter. (Enacted...

Section 10. - 10. The singular number includes the plural; and the plural,...

Section 11. - 11. “Shall” is mandatory and “may” is permissive. (Enacted by...

Section 12. - 12. (a) This code shall become operative on January 1,...

DIVISION 2 - WORDS AND PHRASES DEFINED

Section 100. - 100. Unless the provision or context otherwise requires, these definitions...

Section 105. - 105. “Action” includes a civil action and a criminal action....

Section 110. - 110. “Burden of producing evidence” means the obligation of a...

Section 115. - 115. “Burden of proof” means the obligation of a party...

Section 120. - 120. “Civil action” includes civil proceedings. (Enacted by Stats. 1965,...

Section 125. - 125. “Conduct” includes all active and passive behavior, both verbal...

Section 130. - 130. “Criminal action” includes criminal proceedings. (Enacted by Stats. 1965,...

Section 135. - 135. “Declarant” is a person who makes a statement. (Enacted...

Section 140. - 140. “Evidence” means testimony, writings, material objects, or other things...

Section 145. - 145. “The hearing” means the hearing at which a question...

Section 150. - 150. “Hearsay evidence” is defined in Section 1200. (Enacted by...

Section 160. - 160. “Law” includes constitutional, statutory, and decisional law. (Enacted by...

Section 165. - 165. “Oath” includes affirmation or declaration under penalty of perjury....

Section 170. - 170. “Perceive” means to acquire knowledge through one’s senses. (Enacted...

Section 175. - 175. “Person” includes a natural person, firm, association, organization, partnership,...

Section 177. - 177. “Dependent person” means a person, regardless of whether the...

Section 180. - 180. “Personal property” includes money, goods, chattels, things in action,...

Section 185. - 185. “Property” includes both real and personal property. (Enacted by...

Section 190. - 190. “Proof” is the establishment by evidence of a requisite...

Section 195. - 195. “Public employee” means an officer, agent, or employee of...

Section 200. - 200. “Public entity” includes a nation, state, county, city and...

Section 205. - 205. “Real property” includes lands, tenements, and hereditaments. (Enacted by...

Section 210. - 210. “Relevant evidence” means evidence, including evidence relevant to the...

Section 215. - 215. “Spouse” includes “registered domestic partner,” as required by Section...

Section 220. - 220. “State” means the State of California, unless applied to...

Section 225. - 225. “Statement” means (a) oral or written verbal expression or...

Section 230. - 230. “Statute” includes a treaty and a constitutional provision. (Enacted...

Section 235. - 235. “Trier of fact” includes (a) the jury and (b)...

Section 240. - 240. (a) Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (b), “unavailable...

Section 250. - 250. “Writing” means handwriting, typewriting, printing, photostating, photographing, photocopying, transmitting...

Section 255. - 255. “Original” means the writing itself or any counterpart intended...

Section 260. - 260. A “duplicate” is a counterpart produced by the same...

DIVISION 3 - GENERAL PROVISIONS

CHAPTER 1 - Applicability of Code

Section 300. - 300. Except as otherwise provided by statute, this code applies...

CHAPTER 2 - Province of Court and Jury

Section 310. - 310. (a) All questions of law (including but not limited...

Section 311. - 311. If the law of an organization of nations, a...

Section 312. - 312. Except as otherwise provided by law, where the trial...

CHAPTER 3 - Order of Proof

Section 320. - 320. Except as otherwise provided by law, the court in...

CHAPTER 4 - Admitting and Excluding Evidence

ARTICLE 1 - General Provisions

Section 350. - 350. No evidence is admissible except relevant evidence. (Enacted by...

Section 351. - 351. Except as otherwise provided by statute, all relevant evidence...

Section 351.1. - 351.1. (a) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the results...

Section 351.2. - 351.2. (a) In a civil action for personal injury or...

Section 351.3. - 351.3. (a) In a civil action not governed by Section...

Section 351.4. - 351.4. (a) In a criminal action, evidence of a person’s...

Section 352. - 352. The court in its discretion may exclude evidence if...

Section 352.1. - 352.1. In any criminal proceeding under Section 261, 262, or...

Section 352.2. - 352.2. (a) In any criminal proceeding where a party seeks...

Section 353. - 353. A verdict or finding shall not be set aside,...

Section 354. - 354. A verdict or finding shall not be set aside,...

Section 355. - 355. When evidence is admissible as to one party or...

Section 356. - 356. Where part of an act, declaration, conversation, or writing...

ARTICLE 2 - Preliminary Determinations on Admissibility of Evidence

Section 400. - 400. As used in this article, “preliminary fact” means a...

Section 401. - 401. As used in this article, “proffered evidence” means evidence,...

Section 402. - 402. (a) When the existence of a preliminary fact is...

Section 403. - 403. (a) The proponent of the proffered evidence has the...

Section 404. - 404. Whenever the proffered evidence is claimed to be privileged...

Section 405. - 405. With respect to preliminary fact determinations not governed by...

Section 406. - 406. This article does not limit the right of a...

CHAPTER 5 - Weight of Evidence Generally

Section 410. - 410. As used in this chapter, “direct evidence” means evidence...

Section 411. - 411. Except where additional evidence is required by statute, the...

Section 412. - 412. If weaker and less satisfactory evidence is offered when...

Section 413. - 413. In determining what inferences to draw from the evidence...

DIVISION 4 - JUDICIAL NOTICE

Section 450. - 450. Judicial notice may not be taken of any matter...

Section 451. - 451. Judicial notice shall be taken of the following: (a)...

Section 452. - 452. Judicial notice may be taken of the following matters...

Section 452.5. - 452.5. (a) The official acts and records specified in subdivisions...

Section 453. - 453. The trial court shall take judicial notice of any...

Section 454. - 454. (a) In determining the propriety of taking judicial notice...

Section 455. - 455. With respect to any matter specified in Section 452...

Section 456. - 456. If the trial court denies a request to take...

Section 457. - 457. If a matter judicially noticed is a matter which...

Section 458. - 458. The failure or refusal of the trial court to...

Section 459. - 459. (a) The reviewing court shall take judicial notice of...

Section 460. - 460. Where the advice of persons learned in the subject...

DIVISION 5 - BURDEN OF PROOF; BURDEN OF PRODUCING EVIDENCE; PRESUMPTIONS AND INFERENCES

CHAPTER 1 - Burden of Proof

ARTICLE 1 - General

Section 500. - 500. Except as otherwise provided by law, a party has...

Section 501. - 501. Insofar as any statute, except Section 522, assigns the...

Section 502. - 502. The court on all proper occasions shall instruct the...

ARTICLE 2 - Burden of Proof on Specific Issues

Section 520. - 520. The party claiming that a person is guilty of...

Section 521. - 521. The party claiming that a person did not exercise...

Section 522. - 522. The party claiming that any person, including himself, is...

Section 523. - 523. In any action where the state is a party,...

Section 524. - 524. (a) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, in a...

CHAPTER 2 - Burden of Producing Evidence

Section 550. - 550. (a) The burden of producing evidence as to a...

CHAPTER 3 - Presumptions and Inferences

ARTICLE 1 - General

Section 600. - 600. (a) A presumption is an assumption of fact that...

Section 601. - 601. A presumption is either conclusive or rebuttable. Every rebuttable...

Section 602. - 602. A statute providing that a fact or group of...

Section 603. - 603. A presumption affecting the burden of producing evidence is...

Section 604. - 604. The effect of a presumption affecting the burden of...

Section 605. - 605. A presumption affecting the burden of proof is a...

Section 606. - 606. The effect of a presumption affecting the burden of...

Section 607. - 607. When a presumption affecting the burden of proof operates...

ARTICLE 2 - Conclusive Presumptions

Section 620. - 620. The presumptions established by this article, and all other...

Section 622. - 622. The facts recited in a written instrument are conclusively...

Section 623. - 623. Whenever a party has, by his own statement or...

Section 624. - 624. A tenant is not permitted to deny the title...

ARTICLE 3 - Presumptions Affecting the Burden of Producing Evidence

Section 630. - 630. The presumptions established by this article, and all other...

Section 631. - 631. Money delivered by one to another is presumed to...

Section 632. - 632. A thing delivered by one to another is presumed...

Section 633. - 633. An obligation delivered up to the debtor is presumed...

Section 634. - 634. A person in possession of an order on himself...

Section 635. - 635. An obligation possessed by the creditor is presumed not...

Section 636. - 636. The payment of earlier rent or installments is presumed...

Section 637. - 637. The things which a person possesses are presumed to...

Section 638. - 638. A person who exercises acts of ownership over property...

Section 639. - 639. A judgment, when not conclusive, is presumed to correctly...

Section 640. - 640. A writing is presumed to have been truly dated....

Section 641. - 641. A letter correctly addressed and properly mailed is presumed...

Section 642. - 642. A trustee or other person, whose duty it was...

Section 643. - 643. A deed or will or other writing purporting to...

Section 644. - 644. A book, purporting to be printed or published by...

Section 645. - 645. A book, purporting to contain reports of cases adjudged...

Section 645.1. - 645.1. Printed materials, purporting to be a particular newspaper or...

Section 646. - 646. (a) As used in this section, “defendant” includes any...

Section 647. - 647. The return of a process server registered pursuant to...

ARTICLE 4 - Presumptions Affecting the Burden of Proof

Section 660. - 660. The presumptions established by this article, and all other...

Section 662. - 662. The owner of the legal title to property is...

Section 663. - 663. A ceremonial marriage is presumed to be valid. (Enacted...

Section 664. - 664. It is presumed that official duty has been regularly...

Section 665. - 665. A person is presumed to intend the ordinary consequences...

Section 666. - 666. Any court of this state or the United States,...

Section 667. - 667. A person not heard from in five years is...

Section 668. - 668. An unlawful intent is presumed from the doing of...

Section 669. - 669. (a) The failure of a person to exercise due...

Section 669.1. - 669.1. A rule, policy, manual, or guideline of state or...

Section 669.5. - 669.5. (a) Any ordinance enacted by the governing body of...

Section 670. - 670. (a) In any dispute concerning payment by means of...

DIVISION 6 - WITNESSES

CHAPTER 1 - Competency

Section 700. - 700. Except as otherwise provided by statute, every person, irrespective...

Section 701. - 701. (a) A person is disqualified to be a witness...

Section 702. - 702. (a) Subject to Section 801, the testimony of a...

Section 703. - 703. (a) Before the judge presiding at the trial of...

Section 703.5. - 703.5. No person presiding at any judicial or quasi-judicial proceeding,...

Section 704. - 704. (a) Before a juror sworn and impaneled in the...

CHAPTER 2 - Oath and Confrontation

Section 710. - 710. Every witness before testifying shall take an oath or...

Section 711. - 711. At the trial of an action, a witness can...

Section 712. - 712. Notwithstanding Sections 711 and 1200, at the trial of...

CHAPTER 3 - Expert Witnesses

ARTICLE 1 - Expert Witnesses Generally

Section 720. - 720. (a) A person is qualified to testify as an...

Section 721. - 721. (a) Subject to subdivision (b), a witness testifying as...

Section 722. - 722. (a) The fact of the appointment of an expert...

Section 723. - 723. The court may, at any time before or during...

ARTICLE 2 - Appointment of Expert Witness by Court

Section 730. - 730. When it appears to the court, at any time...

Section 731. - 731. (a) (1) In all criminal actions and juvenile court...

Section 732. - 732. Any expert appointed by the court under Section 730...

Section 733. - 733. Nothing contained in this article shall be deemed or...

CHAPTER 4 - Interpreters and Translators

Section 750. - 750. A person who serves as an interpreter or translator...

Section 751. - 751. (a) An interpreter shall take an oath that he...

Section 752. - 752. (a) When a witness is incapable of understanding the...

Section 753. - 753. (a) When the written characters in a writing offered...

Section 754. - 754. (a) As used in this section, “individual who is...

Section 754.5. - 754.5. Whenever an otherwise valid privilege exists between an individual...

Section 755.5. - 755.5. (a) During any medical examination, requested by an insurer...

Section 756. - 756. (a) To the extent required by other state or...

Section 757. - 757. Pursuant to this chapter, other applicable law, and existing...

CHAPTER 5 - Method and Scope of Examination

ARTICLE 1 - Definitions

Section 760. - 760. “Direct examination” is the first examination of a witness...

Section 761. - 761. “Cross-examination” is the examination of a witness by a...

Section 762. - 762. “Redirect examination” is an examination of a witness by...

Section 763. - 763. “Recross-examination” is an examination of a witness by a...

Section 764. - 764. A “leading question” is a question that suggests to...

ARTICLE 2 - Examination of Witnesses

Section 765. - 765. (a) The court shall exercise reasonable control over the...

Section 766. - 766. A witness must give responsive answers to questions, and...

Section 767. - 767. (a) Except under special circumstances where the interests of...

Section 768. - 768. (a) In examining a witness concerning a writing, it...

Section 769. - 769. In examining a witness concerning a statement or other...

Section 770. - 770. Unless the interests of justice otherwise require, extrinsic evidence...

Section 771. - 771. (a) Subject to subdivision (c), if a witness, either...

Section 772. - 772. (a) The examination of a witness shall proceed in...

Section 773. - 773. (a) A witness examined by one party may be...

Section 774. - 774. A witness once examined cannot be reexamined as to...

Section 775. - 775. The court, on its own motion or on the...

Section 776. - 776. (a) A party to the record of any civil...

Section 777. - 777. (a) Subject to subdivisions (b) and (c), the court...

Section 778. - 778. After a witness has been excused from giving further...

CHAPTER 6 - Credibility of Witnesses

ARTICLE 1 - Credibility Generally

Section 780. - 780. Except as otherwise provided by statute, the court or...

Section 782. - 782. (a) In any of the circumstances described in subdivision...

Section 782.1. - 782.1. The possession of a condom is not admissible as...

Section 783. - 783. In any civil action alleging conduct which constitutes sexual...

ARTICLE 2 - Attacking or Supporting Credibility

Section 785. - 785. The credibility of a witness may be attacked or...

Section 786. - 786. Evidence of traits of his character other than honesty...

Section 787. - 787. Subject to Section 788, evidence of specific instances of...

Section 788. - 788. For the purpose of attacking the credibility of a...

Section 789. - 789. Evidence of his religious belief or lack thereof is...

Section 790. - 790. Evidence of the good character of a witness is...

Section 791. - 791. Evidence of a statement previously made by a witness...

CHAPTER 7 - Hypnosis of Witnesses

Section 795. - 795. (a) The testimony of a witness is not inadmissible...

DIVISION 7 - OPINION TESTIMONY AND SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE

CHAPTER 1 - Expert and Other Opinion Testimony

ARTICLE 1 - Expert and Other Opinion Testimony Generally

Section 800. - 800. If a witness is not testifying as an expert,...

Section 801. - 801. If a witness is testifying as an expert, his...

Section 802. - 802. A witness testifying in the form of an opinion...

Section 803. - 803. The court may, and upon objection shall, exclude testimony...

Section 804. - 804. (a) If a witness testifying as an expert testifies...

Section 805. - 805. Testimony in the form of an opinion that is...

ARTICLE 2 - Evidence of Market Value of Property

Section 810. - 810. (a) Except where another rule is provided by statute,...

Section 811. - 811. As used in this article, “value of property” means...

Section 812. - 812. This article is not intended to alter or change...

Section 813. - 813. (a) The value of property may be shown only...

Section 814. - 814. The opinion of a witness as to the value...

Section 815. - 815. When relevant to the determination of the value of...

Section 816. - 816. When relevant to the determination of the value of...

Section 817. - 817. (a) Subject to subdivision (b), when relevant to the...

Section 818. - 818. For the purpose of determining the capitalized value of...

Section 819. - 819. When relevant to the determination of the value of...

Section 820. - 820. When relevant to the determination of the value of...

Section 821. - 821. When relevant to the determination of the value of...

Section 822. - 822. (a) In an eminent domain or inverse condemnation proceeding,...

Section 823. - 823. Notwithstanding any other provision of this article, the value...

Section 824. - 824. (a) Notwithstanding any other provision of this article, a...

ARTICLE 3 - Opinion Testimony on Particular Subjects

Section 870. - 870. A witness may state his opinion as to the...

DIVISION 8 - PRIVILEGES

CHAPTER 1 - Definitions

Section 900. - 900. Unless the provision or context otherwise requires, the definitions...

Section 901. - 901. “Proceeding” means any action, hearing, investigation, inquest, or inquiry...

Section 902. - 902. “Civil proceeding” means any proceeding except a criminal proceeding....

Section 903. - 903. “Criminal proceeding” means: (a) A criminal action; and (b)...

Section 905. - 905. “Presiding officer” means the person authorized to rule on...

CHAPTER 2 - Applicability of Division

Section 910. - 910. Except as otherwise provided by statute, the provisions of...

CHAPTER 3 - General Provisions Relating to Privileges

Section 911. - 911. Except as otherwise provided by statute: (a) No person...

Section 912. - 912. (a) Except as otherwise provided in this section, the...

Section 913. - 913. (a) If in the instant proceeding or on a...

Section 914. - 914. (a) The presiding officer shall determine a claim of...

Section 915. - 915. (a) Subject to subdivision (b), the presiding officer may...

Section 916. - 916. (a) The presiding officer, on his own motion or...

Section 917. - 917. (a) If a privilege is claimed on the ground...

Section 918. - 918. A party may predicate error on a ruling disallowing...

Section 919. - 919. (a) Evidence of a statement or other disclosure of...

Section 920. - 920. Nothing in this division shall be construed to repeal...

CHAPTER 4 - Particular Privileges

ARTICLE 1 - Privilege of Defendant in Criminal Case

Section 930. - 930. To the extent that such privilege exists under the...

ARTICLE 2 - Privilege Against Self-Incrimination

Section 940. - 940. To the extent that such privilege exists under the...

ARTICLE 3 - Lawyer-Client Privilege

Section 950. - 950. As used in this article, “lawyer” means a person...

Section 951. - 951. As used in this article, “client” means a person...

Section 952. - 952. As used in this article, “confidential communication between client...

Section 953. - 953. As used in this article, “holder of the privilege”...

Section 954. - 954. Subject to Section 912 and except as otherwise provided...

Section 955. - 955. The lawyer who received or made a communication subject...

Section 956. - 956. (a) There is no privilege under this article if...

Section 956.5. - 956.5. There is no privilege under this article if the...

Section 957. - 957. There is no privilege under this article as to...

Section 958. - 958. There is no privilege under this article as to...

Section 959. - 959. There is no privilege under this article as to...

Section 960. - 960. There is no privilege under this article as to...

Section 961. - 961. There is no privilege under this article as to...

Section 962. - 962. Where two or more clients have retained or consulted...

ARTICLE 3.5 - Lawyer Referral Service-Client Privilege

Section 965. - 965. For purposes of this article, the following terms have...

Section 966. - 966. (a) Subject to Section 912 and except as otherwise...

Section 967. - 967. A lawyer referral service that has received or made...

Section 968. - 968. There is no privilege under this article if either...

ARTICLE 4 - Privilege Not to Testify Against Spouse

Section 970. - 970. Except as otherwise provided by statute, a married person...

Section 971. - 971. Except as otherwise provided by statute, a married person...

Section 972. - 972. A married person does not have a privilege under...

Section 973. - 973. (a) Unless erroneously compelled to do so, a married...

ARTICLE 5 - Privilege for Confidential Marital Communications

Section 980. - 980. Subject to Section 912 and except as otherwise provided...

Section 981. - 981. There is no privilege under this article if the...

Section 982. - 982. There is no privilege under this article in a...

Section 983. - 983. There is no privilege under this article in a...

Section 984. - 984. There is no privilege under this article in: (a)...

Section 985. - 985. There is no privilege under this article in a...

Section 986. - 986. There is no privilege under this article in a...

Section 987. - 987. There is no privilege under this article in a...

ARTICLE 6 - Physician-Patient Privilege

Section 990. - 990. As used in this article, “physician” means a person...

Section 991. - 991. As used in this article, “patient” means a person...

Section 992. - 992. As used in this article, “confidential communication between patient...

Section 993. - 993. As used in this article, “holder of the privilege”...

Section 994. - 994. Subject to Section 912 and except as otherwise provided...

Section 995. - 995. The physician who received or made a communication subject...

Section 996. - 996. There is no privilege under this article as to...

Section 997. - 997. There is no privilege under this article if the...

Section 998. - 998. There is no privilege under this article in a...

Section 999. - 999. There is no privilege under this article as to...

Section 1000. - 1000. There is no privilege under this article as to...

Section 1001. - 1001. There is no privilege under this article as to...

Section 1002. - 1002. There is no privilege under this article as to...

Section 1003. - 1003. There is no privilege under this article as to...

Section 1004. - 1004. There is no privilege under this article in a...

Section 1005. - 1005. There is no privilege under this article in a...

Section 1006. - 1006. There is no privilege under this article as to...

Section 1007. - 1007. There is no privilege under this article in a...

ARTICLE 7 - Psychotherapist-Patient Privilege

Section 1010. - 1010. As used in this article, “psychotherapist” means a person...

Section 1010.5. - 1010.5. A communication between a patient and an educational psychologist,...

Section 1011. - 1011. As used in this article, “patient” means a person...

Section 1012. - 1012. As used in this article, “confidential communication between patient...

Section 1013. - 1013. As used in this article, “holder of the privilege”...

Section 1014. - 1014. Subject to Section 912 and except as otherwise provided...

Section 1015. - 1015. The psychotherapist who received or made a communication subject...

Section 1016. - 1016. There is no privilege under this article as to...

Section 1017. - 1017. (a) There is no privilege under this article if...

Section 1018. - 1018. There is no privilege under this article if the...

Section 1019. - 1019. There is no privilege under this article as to...

Section 1020. - 1020. There is no privilege under this article as to...

Section 1021. - 1021. There is no privilege under this article as to...

Section 1022. - 1022. There is no privilege under this article as to...

Section 1023. - 1023. There is no privilege under this article in a...

Section 1024. - 1024. There is no privilege under this article if the...

Section 1025. - 1025. There is no privilege under this article in a...

Section 1026. - 1026. There is no privilege under this article as to...

Section 1027. - 1027. There is no privilege under this article if all...

ARTICLE 8 - Clergy Penitent Privileges

Section 1030. - 1030. As used in this article, a “member of the...

Section 1031. - 1031. As used in this article, “penitent” means a person...

Section 1032. - 1032. As used in this article, “penitential communication” means a...

Section 1033. - 1033. Subject to Section 912, a penitent, whether or not...

Section 1034. - 1034. Subject to Section 912, a member of the clergy,...

ARTICLE 8.5 - Sexual Assault Counselor-Victim Privilege

Section 1035. - 1035. As used in this article, “victim” means a person...

Section 1035.2. - 1035.2. As used in this article, “sexual assault counselor” means...

Section 1035.4. - 1035.4. As used in this article, “confidential communication between the...

Section 1035.6. - 1035.6. As used in this article, “holder of the privilege”...

Section 1035.8. - 1035.8. A victim of a sexual assault, whether or not...

Section 1036. - 1036. The sexual assault counselor who received or made a...

Section 1036.2. - 1036.2. As used in this article, “sexual assault” includes all...

ARTICLE 8.7 - Domestic Violence Counselor-Victim Privilege

Section 1037. - 1037. As used in this article, “victim” means any person...

Section 1037.1. - 1037.1. (a) (1) As used in this article, “domestic violence...

Section 1037.2. - 1037.2. (a) As used in this article, “confidential communication” means...

Section 1037.3. - 1037.3. Nothing in this article shall be construed to limit...

Section 1037.4. - 1037.4. As used in this article, “holder of the privilege”...

Section 1037.5. - 1037.5. A victim of domestic violence, whether or not a...

Section 1037.6. - 1037.6. The domestic violence counselor who received or made a...

Section 1037.7. - 1037.7. As used in this article, “domestic violence” means “domestic...

Section 1037.8. - 1037.8. A domestic violence counselor shall inform a domestic violence...

ARTICLE 8.8 - Human Trafficking Caseworker-Victim Privilege

Section 1038. - 1038. (a) A trafficking victim, whether or not a party...

Section 1038.1. - 1038.1. (a) The court may compel disclosure of information received...

Section 1038.2. - 1038.2. As used in this article, the following terms have...

Section 1038.3. - 1038.3. Nothing in this article shall be construed as limiting...

ARTICLE 9 - Official Information and Identity of Informer

Section 1040. - 1040. (a) As used in this section, “official information” means...

Section 1041. - 1041. (a) Except as provided in this section, a public...

Section 1042. - 1042. (a) Except where disclosure is forbidden by an act...

Section 1043. - 1043. (a) In any case in which discovery or disclosure...

Section 1044. - 1044. Nothing in this article shall be construed to affect...

Section 1045. - 1045. (a) This article does not affect the right of...

Section 1046. - 1046. In any case, otherwise authorized by law, in which...

Section 1047. - 1047. (a) Records of peace officers or custodial officers, as...

ARTICLE 10 - Political Vote

Section 1050. - 1050. If he claims the privilege, a person has a...

ARTICLE 11 - Trade Secret

Section 1060. - 1060. If he or his agent or employee claims the...

Section 1061. - 1061. (a) For purposes of this section, and Sections 1062...

Section 1062. - 1062. (a) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, in a...

Section 1063. - 1063. The following provisions shall govern requests to seal articles...

CHAPTER 5 - Immunity of Newsman From Citation for Contempt

Section 1070. - 1070. (a) A publisher, editor, reporter, or other person connected...

DIVISION 9 - EVIDENCE AFFECTED OR EXCLUDED BY EXTRINSIC POLICIES

CHAPTER 1 - Evidence of Character, Habit, or Custom

Section 1100. - 1100. Except as otherwise provided by statute, any otherwise admissible...

Section 1101. - 1101. (a) Except as provided in this section and in...

Section 1102. - 1102. In a criminal action, evidence of the defendant’s character...

Section 1103. - 1103. (a) In a criminal action, evidence of the character...

Section 1104. - 1104. Except as provided in Sections 1102 and 1103, evidence...

Section 1105. - 1105. Any otherwise admissible evidence of habit or custom is...

Section 1106. - 1106. (a) In any civil action alleging conduct which constitutes...

Section 1107. - 1107. (a) In a criminal action, expert testimony is admissible...

Section 1107.5. - 1107.5. (a) In a criminal action, expert testimony is admissible...

Section 1108. - 1108. (a) In a criminal action in which the defendant...

Section 1109. - 1109. (a) (1) Except as provided in subdivision (e) or...

CHAPTER 2 - Mediation

Section 1115. - 1115. For purposes of this chapter: (a) “Mediation” means a...

Section 1116. - 1116. (a) Nothing in this chapter expands or limits a...

Section 1117. - 1117. (a) Except as provided in subdivision (b), this chapter...

Section 1118. - 1118. An oral agreement “in accordance with Section 1118” means...

Section 1119. - 1119. Except as otherwise provided in this chapter: (a) No...

Section 1120. - 1120. (a) Evidence otherwise admissible or subject to discovery outside...

Section 1121. - 1121. Neither a mediator nor anyone else may submit to...

Section 1122. - 1122. (a) A communication or a writing, as defined in...

Section 1123. - 1123. A written settlement agreement prepared in the course of,...

Section 1124. - 1124. An oral agreement made in the course of, or...

Section 1125. - 1125. (a) For purposes of confidentiality under this chapter, a...

Section 1126. - 1126. Anything said, any admission made, or any writing that...

Section 1127. - 1127. If a person subpoenas or otherwise seeks to compel...

Section 1128. - 1128. Any reference to a mediation during any subsequent trial...

Section 1129. - 1129. (a) Except in the case of a class or...

CHAPTER 3 - Other Evidence Affected or Excluded by Extrinsic Policies

Section 1150. - 1150. (a) Upon an inquiry as to the validity of...

Section 1151. - 1151. When, after the occurrence of an event, remedial or...

Section 1152. - 1152. (a) Evidence that a person has, in compromise or...

Section 1153. - 1153. Evidence of a plea of guilty, later withdrawn, or...

Section 1153.5. - 1153.5. Evidence of an offer for civil resolution of a...

Section 1154. - 1154. Evidence that a person has accepted or offered or...

Section 1155. - 1155. Evidence that a person was, at the time a...

Section 1156. - 1156. (a) In-hospital medical or medical-dental staff committees of a...

Section 1156.1. - 1156.1. (a) A committee established in compliance with Sections 4070...

Section 1157. - 1157. (a) Neither the proceedings nor the records of organized...

Section 1157.5. - 1157.5. Except in actions involving a claim of a provider...

Section 1157.6. - 1157.6. Neither the proceedings nor the records of a committee...

Section 1157.7. - 1157.7. The prohibition relating to discovery or testimony provided in...

Section 1158. - 1158. (a) For purposes of this section, “medical provider” means...

Section 1159. - 1159. (a) No evidence pertaining to live animal experimentation, including,...

Section 1160. - 1160. (a) The portion of statements, writings, or benevolent gestures...

Section 1161. - 1161. (a) Evidence that a victim of human trafficking, as...

Section 1162. - 1162. Evidence that a victim of, or a witness to,...

DIVISION 10 - HEARSAY EVIDENCE

CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions

Section 1200. - 1200. (a) “Hearsay evidence” is evidence of a statement that...

Section 1201. - 1201. A statement within the scope of an exception to...

Section 1202. - 1202. Evidence of a statement or other conduct by a...

Section 1203. - 1203. (a) The declarant of a statement that is admitted...

Section 1203.1. - 1203.1. Section 1203 is not applicable if the hearsay statement...

Section 1204. - 1204. A statement that is otherwise admissible as hearsay evidence...

Section 1205. - 1205. Nothing in this division shall be construed to repeal...

CHAPTER 2 - Exceptions to the Hearsay Rule

ARTICLE 1 - Confessions and Admissions

Section 1220. - 1220. Evidence of a statement is not made inadmissible by...

Section 1221. - 1221. Evidence of a statement offered against a party is...

Section 1222. - 1222. Evidence of a statement offered against a party is...

Section 1223. - 1223. Evidence of a statement offered against a party is...

Section 1224. - 1224. When the liability obligation, or duty of a party...

Section 1225. - 1225. When a right, title, or interest in any property...

Section 1226. - 1226. Evidence of a statement by a minor child is...

Section 1227. - 1227. Evidence of a statement by the deceased is not...

Section 1228. - 1228. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, for the purpose...

Section 1228.1. - 1228.1. (a) Except as provided in subdivision (b), neither the...

ARTICLE 2 - Declarations Against Interest

Section 1230. - 1230. Evidence of a statement by a declarant having sufficient...

ARTICLE 2.5 - Sworn Statements Regarding Gang-Related Crimes

Section 1231. - 1231. Evidence of a prior statement made by a declarant...

Section 1231.1. - 1231.1. A statement is admissible pursuant to Section 1231 only...

Section 1231.2. - 1231.2. A peace officer may administer and certify oaths for...

Section 1231.3. - 1231.3. Any law enforcement officer testifying as to any hearsay...

Section 1231.4. - 1231.4. If evidence of a prior statement is introduced pursuant...

ARTICLE 3 - Prior Statements of Witnesses

Section 1235. - 1235. Evidence of a statement made by a witness is...

Section 1236. - 1236. Evidence of a statement previously made by a witness...

Section 1237. - 1237. (a) Evidence of a statement previously made by a...

Section 1238. - 1238. Evidence of a statement previously made by a witness...

ARTICLE 4 - Spontaneous, Contemporaneous, and Dying Declarations

Section 1240. - 1240. Evidence of a statement is not made inadmissible by...

Section 1241. - 1241. Evidence of a statement is not made inadmissible by...

Section 1242. - 1242. Evidence of a statement made by a dying person...

ARTICLE 5 - Statements of Mental or Physical State

Section 1250. - 1250. (a) Subject to Section 1252, evidence of a statement...

Section 1251. - 1251. Subject to Section 1252, evidence of a statement of...

Section 1252. - 1252. Evidence of a statement is inadmissible under this article...

Section 1253. - 1253. Subject to Section 1252, evidence of a statement is...

ARTICLE 6 - Statements Relating to Wills and to Claims Against Estates

Section 1260. - 1260. (a) Except as provided in subdivision (b), evidence of...

Section 1261. - 1261. (a) Evidence of a statement is not made inadmissible...

ARTICLE 7 - Business Records

Section 1270. - 1270. As used in this article, “a business” includes every...

Section 1271. - 1271. Evidence of a writing made as a record of...

Section 1272. - 1272. Evidence of the absence from the records of a...

ARTICLE 8 - Official Records and Other Official Writings

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