California Code
Commercial Code - COM

DIVISION 1 - GENERAL PROVISIONS

CHAPTER 1 - Short Title, Construction, Application and Subject Matter of the Code

Section 1101. - 1101. This code may be cited as the Uniform Commercial...

Section 1102. - 1102. This division applies to a transaction to the extent...

Section 1103. - 1103. (a) This code shall be liberally construed and applied...

Section 1104. - 1104. This code being a general act intended as a...

Section 1105. - 1105. If any provision or clause of this code or...

Section 1106. - 1106. In this code, unless the statutory context otherwise requires:...

Section 1108. - 1108. This chapter modifies, limits, and supersedes the federal Electronic...

CHAPTER 2 - General Definitions and Principles of Interpretation

Section 1201. - 1201. (a) Unless the context otherwise requires, words or phrases...

Section 1202. - 1202. (a) Subject to subdivision (f), a person has “notice”...

Section 1203. - 1203. (a) Whether a transaction in the form of a...

Section 1204. - 1204. Except as otherwise provided in Divisions 3, 4, 5,...

Section 1205. - 1205. (a) Whether a time for taking an action required...

Section 1206. - 1206. Whenever this code creates a “presumption” with respect to...

CHAPTER 3 - Territorial Applicability and General Rules

Section 1301. - 1301. (a) Except as otherwise provided in this section, when...

Section 1302. - 1302. (a) Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (b) or...

Section 1303. - 1303. (a) A “course of performance” is a sequence of...

Section 1304. - 1304. Every contract or duty within this code imposes an...

Section 1305. - 1305. (a) The remedies provided by this code shall be...

Section 1306. - 1306. A claim or right arising out of an alleged...

Section 1307. - 1307. (1) A bill of lading, policy or certificate of...

Section 1308. - 1308. (a) A party that with explicit reservation of rights...

Section 1309. - 1309. A term providing that one party or that party’s...

Section 1310. - 1310. An obligation may be issued as subordinated to performance...

DIVISION 2 - SALES

CHAPTER 1 - Short Title, General Construction and Subject Matter

Section 2101. - 2101. This division shall be known and may be cited...

Section 2102. - 2102. Unless the context otherwise requires, this division applies to...

Section 2103. - 2103. (1) In this division unless the context otherwise requires:...

Section 2104. - 2104. (1) “Merchant” means a person who deals in goods...

Section 2105. - 2105. (1) “Goods” means all things (including specially manufactured goods)...

Section 2106. - 2106. (1) In this division unless the context otherwise requires...

Section 2107. - 2107. (1) A contract for the sale of minerals or...

CHAPTER 2 - Form, Formation and Readjustment of Contract

Section 2201. - 2201. (1) Except as otherwise provided in this section a...

Section 2202. - 2202. Terms with respect to which the confirmatory memoranda of...

Section 2204. - 2204. (1) A contract for sale of goods may be...

Section 2205. - 2205. (a) An offer by a merchant to buy or...

Section 2206. - 2206. (1) Unless otherwise unambiguously indicated by the language or...

Section 2207. - 2207. (1) A definite and seasonable expression of acceptance or...

Section 2209. - 2209. (1) An agreement modifying a contract within this division...

Section 2210. - 2210. (1) A party may perform his or her duty...

CHAPTER 3 - General Obligation and Construction of Contract

Section 2301. - 2301. The obligation of the seller is to transfer and...

Section 2303. - 2303. Where this division allocates a risk or a burden...

Section 2304. - 2304. (1) The price can be made payable in money...

Section 2305. - 2305. (1) The parties if they so intend can conclude...

Section 2306. - 2306. (1) A term which measures the quantity by the...

Section 2307. - 2307. Unless otherwise agreed all goods called for by a...

Section 2308. - 2308. Unless otherwise agreed (a) The place for delivery of...

Section 2309. - 2309. (1) The time for shipment or delivery or any...

Section 2310. - 2310. Unless otherwise agreed: (a) Payment is due at the...

Section 2311. - 2311. (1) An agreement for sale which is otherwise sufficiently...

Section 2312. - 2312. (1) Subject to subdivision (2) there is in a...

Section 2313. - 2313. (1) Express warranties by the seller are created as...

Section 2314. - 2314. (1) Unless excluded or modified (Section 2316), a warranty...

Section 2315. - 2315. Where the seller at the time of contracting has...

Section 2316. - 2316. (1) Words or conduct relevant to the creation of...

Section 2317. - 2317. Warranties whether express or implied shall be construed as...

Section 2319. - 2319. (1) Unless otherwise agreed the term F.O.B. (which means...

Section 2320. - 2320. (1) The term C.I.F. means that the price includes...

Section 2321. - 2321. Under a contract containing a term C.I.F. or C....

Section 2322. - 2322. (1) Unless otherwise agreed a term for delivery of...

Section 2323. - 2323. (1) Where the contract contemplates overseas shipment and contains...

Section 2324. - 2324. Under a term “no arrival, no sale” or terms...

Section 2325. - 2325. (1) Failure of the buyer seasonably to furnish an...

Section 2326. - 2326. (1) Unless otherwise agreed, if delivered goods may be...

Section 2327. - 2327. (1) Under sale on approval unless otherwise agreed (a)...

Section 2328. - 2328. (1) In a sale by auction if goods are...

CHAPTER 4 - Title, Creditors and Good Faith Purchasers

Section 2401. - 2401. Each provision of this division with regard to the...

Section 2402. - 2402. (1) Except as provided in subdivisions (2) and (3),...

Section 2403. - 2403. (1) A purchaser of goods acquires all title which...

CHAPTER 5 - Performance

Section 2501. - 2501. (1) The buyer obtains a special property and an...

Section 2502. - 2502. (1) Subject to subdivisions (2) and (3), and even...

Section 2503. - 2503. (1) Tender of delivery requires that the seller put...

Section 2504. - 2504. Where the seller is required or authorized to send...

Section 2505. - 2505. (1) Where the seller has identified goods to the...

Section 2506. - 2506. (1) A financing agency by paying or purchasing for...

Section 2507. - 2507. (1) Tender of delivery is a condition to the...

Section 2508. - 2508. (1) Where any tender or delivery by the seller...

Section 2509. - 2509. (1) Where the contract requires or authorizes the seller...

Section 2510. - 2510. (1) Where a tender or delivery of goods so...

Section 2511. - 2511. (1) Unless otherwise agreed, tender of payment is a...

Section 2512. - 2512. (1) Where the contract requires payment before inspection nonconformity...

Section 2513. - 2513. (1) Unless otherwise agreed and subject to subdivision (3),...

Section 2514. - 2514. Unless otherwise agreed documents against which a draft is...

Section 2515. - 2515. In furtherance of the adjustment of any claim or...

CHAPTER 6 - Breach, Repudiation and Excuse

Section 2601. - 2601. Subject to the provisions of this division on breach...

Section 2602. - 2602. (1) Rejection of goods must be within a reasonable...

Section 2603. - 2603. (1) Subject to any security interest in the buyer...

Section 2604. - 2604. Subject to the provisions of the immediately preceding section...

Section 2605. - 2605. (1) The buyer’s failure to state in connection with...

Section 2606. - 2606. (1) Acceptance of goods occurs when the buyer (a)...

Section 2607. - 2607. (1) The buyer must pay at the contract rate...

Section 2608. - 2608. (1) The buyer may revoke his acceptance of a...

Section 2609. - 2609. (1) A contract for sale imposes an obligation on...

Section 2610. - 2610. When either party repudiates the contract with respect to...

Section 2611. - 2611. (1) Until the repudiating party’s next performance is due...

Section 2612. - 2612. (1) An “installment contract” is one which requires or...

Section 2613. - 2613. Where the contract requires for its performance goods identified...

Section 2614. - 2614. (1) Where without fault of either party the agreed...

Section 2615. - 2615. Except so far as a seller may have assumed...

Section 2616. - 2616. (1) Where the buyer receives notification of a material...

CHAPTER 7 - Remedies

Section 2701. - 2701. Remedies for breach of any obligation or promise collateral...

Section 2702. - 2702. (1) Where the seller discovers the buyer to be...

Section 2703. - 2703. Where the buyer wrongfully rejects or revokes acceptance of...

Section 2704. - 2704. (1) An aggrieved seller under the preceding section may...

Section 2705. - 2705. (1) The seller may stop delivery of goods in...

Section 2706. - 2706. (1) Under the conditions stated in Section 2703 on...

Section 2707. - 2707. (1) A “person in the position of a seller”...

Section 2708. - 2708. (1) Subject to subdivision (2) and to the provisions...

Section 2709. - 2709. (1) When the buyer fails to pay the price...

Section 2710. - 2710. Incidental damages to an aggrieved seller include any commercially...

Section 2711. - 2711. (1) Where the seller fails to make delivery or...

Section 2712. - 2712. (1) After a breach within the preceding section the...

Section 2713. - 2713. (1) Subject to the provisions of this division with...

Section 2714. - 2714. (1) Where the buyer has accepted goods and given...

Section 2715. - 2715. (1) Incidental damages resulting from the seller’s breach include...

Section 2716. - 2716. (1) Specific performance may be decreed where the goods...

Section 2717. - 2717. The buyer on notifying the seller of his intention...

Section 2718. - 2718. (1) Damages for breach by either party may be...

Section 2719. - 2719. (1) Subject to the provisions of subdivisions (2) and...

Section 2720. - 2720. Unless the contrary intention clearly appears, expressions of “cancellation”...

Section 2721. - 2721. Remedies for material misrepresentation or fraud include all remedies...

Section 2722. - 2722. Where a third party so deals with goods which...

Section 2723. - 2723. (1) If an action based on anticipatory repudiation comes...

Section 2724. - 2724. Whenever the prevailing price or value of any goods...

Section 2725. - 2725. (1) An action for breach of any contract for...

CHAPTER 8 - Retail Sales

Section 2800. - 2800. As used in this chapter “goods” means goods used...

Section 2801. - 2801. In any retail sale of goods, if the manufacturer...

DIVISION 3 - NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS

CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions and Definitions

Section 3101. - 3101. This division may be cited as Uniform Commercial Code—Negotiable...

Section 3102. - 3102. (a) This division applies to negotiable instruments. It does...

Section 3103. - 3103. (a) In this division: (1) “Acceptor” means a drawee...

Section 3104. - 3104. (a) Except as provided in subdivisions (c) and (d),...

Section 3105. - 3105. (a) “Issue” means the first delivery of an instrument...

Section 3106. - 3106. (a) Except as provided in this section, for the...

Section 3107. - 3107. Unless the instrument otherwise provides, an instrument that states...

Section 3108. - 3108. (a) A promise or order is “payable on demand”...

Section 3109. - 3109. (a) A promise or order is payable to bearer...

Section 3110. - 3110. (a) The person to whom an instrument is initially...

Section 3111. - 3111. Except as otherwise provided for items in Division 4...

Section 3112. - 3112. (a) Unless otherwise provided in the instrument, (1) an...

Section 3113. - 3113. (a) An instrument may be antedated or postdated. The...

Section 3114. - 3114. If an instrument contains contradictory terms, typewritten terms prevail...

Section 3115. - 3115. (a) ‛Incomplete instrument‛ means a signed writing, whether or...

Section 3116. - 3116. (a) Except as otherwise provided in the instrument, two...

Section 3117. - 3117. Subject to applicable law regarding exclusion of proof of...

Section 3118. - 3118. (a) Except as provided in subdivision (e), an action...

Section 3119. - 3119. In an action for breach of an obligation for...

CHAPTER 2 - Negotiation, Transfer, and Indorsement

Section 3201. - 3201. (a) “Negotiation” means a transfer of possession, whether voluntary...

Section 3202. - 3202. (a) Negotiation is effective even if obtained (1) from...

Section 3203. - 3203. (a) An instrument is transferred when it is delivered...

Section 3204. - 3204. (a) “Indorsement” means a signature, other than that of...

Section 3205. - 3205. (a) If an indorsement is made by the holder...

Section 3206. - 3206. (a) An indorsement limiting payment to a particular person...

Section 3207. - 3207. Reacquisition of an instrument occurs if it is transferred...

CHAPTER 3 - Enforcement of Instruments

Section 3301. - 3301. “Person entitled to enforce” an instrument means (a) the...

Section 3302. - 3302. (a) Subject to subdivision (c) and subdivision (d) of...

Section 3303. - 3303. (a) An instrument is issued or transferred for value...

Section 3304. - 3304. (a) An instrument payable on demand becomes overdue at...

Section 3305. - 3305. (a) Except as stated in subdivision (b), the right...

Section 3306. - 3306. A person taking an instrument, other than a person...

Section 3307. - 3307. (a) In this section: (1) “Fiduciary” means an agent,...

Section 3308. - 3308. (a) In an action with respect to an instrument,...

Section 3309. - 3309. (a) A person not in possession of an instrument...

Section 3310. - 3310. (a) Unless otherwise agreed, if a certified check, cashier’s...

Section 3311. - 3311. (a) If a person against whom a claim is...

Section 3312. - 3312. (a) In this section: (1) “Check” means a cashier’s...

CHAPTER 4 - Liability of Parties

Section 3401. - 3401. (a) A person is not liable on an instrument...

Section 3402. - 3402. (a) If a person acting, or purporting to act,...

Section 3403. - 3403. (a) Unless otherwise provided in this division or Division...

Section 3404. - 3404. (a) If an impostor, by use of the mails...

Section 3405. - 3405. (a) In this section: (1) “Employee” includes an independent...

Section 3406. - 3406. (a) A person whose failure to exercise ordinary care...

Section 3407. - 3407. (a) “Alteration” means (1) an unauthorized change in an...

Section 3408. - 3408. A check or other draft does not of itself...

Section 3409. - 3409. (a) “Acceptance” means the drawee’s signed agreement to pay...

Section 3410. - 3410. (a) If the terms of a drawee’s acceptance vary...

Section 3411. - 3411. (a) In this section, “obligated bank” means the acceptor...

Section 3412. - 3412. The issuer of a note or cashier’s check or...

Section 3413. - 3413. (a) The acceptor of a draft is obliged to...

Section 3414. - 3414. (a) This section does not apply to cashier’s checks...

Section 3415. - 3415. (a) Subject to subdivisions (b), (c), and (d) and...

Section 3416. - 3416. (a) A person who transfers an instrument for consideration...

Section 3417. - 3417. (a) If an unaccepted draft is presented to the...

Section 3418. - 3418. (a) Except as provided in subdivision (c), if the...

Section 3419. - 3419. (a) If an instrument is issued for value given...

Section 3420. - 3420. (a) The law applicable to conversion of personal property...

CHAPTER 5 - Dishonor

Section 3501. - 3501. (a) “Presentment” means a demand made by or on...

Section 3502. - 3502. (a) Dishonor of a note is governed by the...

Section 3503. - 3503. (a) The obligation of an indorser stated in subdivision...

Section 3504. - 3504. (a) Presentment for payment or acceptance of an instrument...

Section 3505. - 3505. (a) The following are admissible as evidence and create...

CHAPTER 6 - Discharge and Payment

Section 3601. - 3601. (a) The obligation of a party to pay the...

Section 3602. - 3602. (a) Subject to subdivision (b), an instrument is paid...

Section 3603. - 3603. (a) If tender of payment of an obligation to...

Section 3604. - 3604. (a) A person entitled to enforce an instrument, with...

Section 3605. - 3605. (a) In this section, the term “indorser” includes a...

DIVISION 4 - BANK DEPOSITS AND COLLECTIONS

CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions and Definitions

Section 4101. - 4101. This division may be cited as Uniform Commercial Code—Bank...

Section 4102. - 4102. (a) To the extent that items within this division...

Section 4103. - 4103. (a) The effect of the provisions of this division...

Section 4104. - 4104. (a) In this division unless the context otherwise requires:...

Section 4105. - 4105. In this division: (1) “Bank” means a person engaged...

Section 4106. - 4106. (a) If an item states that it is “payable...

Section 4107. - 4107. A branch or separate office of a bank is...

Section 4108. - 4108. (a) For the purpose of allowing time to process...

Section 4109. - 4109. (a) Unless otherwise instructed, a collecting bank in a...

Section 4110. - 4110. (a) “Agreement for electronic presentment” means an agreement, clearing...

Section 4111. - 4111. An action to enforce an obligation, duty, or right...

CHAPTER 2 - Collection of Items: Depositary and Collecting Banks

Section 4201. - 4201. (a) Unless a contrary intent clearly appears and before...

Section 4202. - 4202. (a) A collecting bank shall exercise ordinary care in...

Section 4203. - 4203. Subject to Division 3 (commencing with Section 3101) concerning...

Section 4204. - 4204. (a) A collecting bank shall send items by reasonably...

Section 4205. - 4205. If a customer delivers an item to a depositary...

Section 4206. - 4206. Any agreed method that identifies the transferor bank is...

Section 4207. - 4207. (a) A customer or collecting bank that transfers an...

Section 4208. - 4208. (a) If an unaccepted draft is presented to the...

Section 4209. - 4209. (a) A person who encodes information on or with...

Section 4210. - 4210. (a) A collecting bank has a security interest in...

Section 4211. - 4211. For purposes of determining its status as a holder...

Section 4212. - 4212. (a) Unless otherwise instructed, a collecting bank may present...

Section 4213. - 4213. (a) With respect to settlement by a bank, the...

Section 4214. - 4214. (a) If a collecting bank has made provisional settlement...

Section 4215. - 4215. (a) An item is finally paid by a payor...

Section 4216. - 4216. (a) If an item is in or comes into...

CHAPTER 3 - Collection of Items: Payor Banks

Section 4301. - 4301. (a) If a payor bank settles for a demand...

Section 4302. - 4302. (a) If an item is presented to and received...

Section 4303. - 4303. (a) Any knowledge, notice, or stop-payment order received by,...

CHAPTER 4 - Relationship Between Payor Bank and Its Customer

Section 4401. - 4401. (a) A bank may charge against the account of...

Section 4402. - 4402. (a) Except as otherwise provided in this division, a...

Section 4403. - 4403. (a) A customer or any person authorized to draw...

Section 4404. - 4404. A bank is under no obligation to a customer...

Section 4405. - 4405. (a) A payor or collecting bank’s authority to accept,...

Section 4406. - 4406. (a) A bank that sends or makes available to...

Section 4407. - 4407. If a payor bank has paid an item over...

CHAPTER 5 - Collection of Documentary Drafts

Section 4501. - 4501. A bank that takes a documentary draft for collection...

Section 4502. - 4502. If a draft or the relevant instructions require presentment...

Section 4503. - 4503. Unless otherwise instructed and except as provided in Division...

Section 4504. - 4504. (a) A presenting bank that, following the dishonor of...

DIVISION 5 - LETTERS OF CREDIT

Section 5101. - 5101. This division may be cited as Uniform Commercial Code—Letters...

Section 5102. - 5102. (a) In this division: (1) “Adviser” means a person...

Section 5103. - 5103. (a) This division applies to letters of credit and...

Section 5104. - 5104. A letter of credit, confirmation, advice, transfer, amendment, or...

Section 5105. - 5105. Consideration is not required to issue, amend, transfer, or...

Section 5106. - 5106. (a) A letter of credit is issued and becomes...

Section 5107. - 5107. (a) A confirmer is directly obligated on a letter...

Section 5108. - 5108. (a) Except as otherwise provided in Section 5109, an...

Section 5109. - 5109. (a) If a presentation is made that appears on...

Section 5110. - 5110. (a) If its presentation is honored, the beneficiary warrants:...

Section 5111. - 5111. (a) If an issuer wrongfully dishonors or repudiates its...

Section 5112. - 5112. (a) Except as otherwise provided in Section 5113, unless...

Section 5113. - 5113. (a) A successor of a beneficiary may consent to...

Section 5114. - 5114. (a) In this section, “proceeds of a letter of...

Section 5115. - 5115. An action to enforce a right or obligation arising...

Section 5116. - 5116. (a) The liability of an issuer, nominated person, or...

Section 5117. - 5117. (a) An issuer that honors a beneficiary’s presentation is...

Section 5118. - 5118. (a) An issuer or nominated person has a security...

DIVISION 6 - BULK SALES

Section 6101. - 6101. This division shall be known and may be cited...

Section 6102. - 6102. (a) In this division, unless the context otherwise requires:...

Section 6103. - 6103. (a) Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (c), this...

Section 6104. - 6104. In a bulk sale as defined in subparagraph (ii)...

Section 6105. - 6105. (a) A notice that is governed by this section...

Section 6106.2. - 6106.2. (a) This section applies only to a bulk sale...

Section 6106.4. - 6106.4. In any case where the notice of a bulk...

Section 6107. - 6107. (a) Except as provided in subdivision (c), and subject...

Section 6108. - 6108. (a) Sections 6104, 6105, and 6107 apply to a...

Section 6110. - 6110. (a) Except as provided in subdivision (b), an action...

Section 6111. - 6111. (a) Except to the extent provided in subdivision (b),...

DIVISION 7 - DOCUMENTS OF TITLE

CHAPTER 1 - General

Section 7101. - 7101. This division may be cited as the Uniform Commercial...

Section 7102. - 7102. (a) In this division, unless the context otherwise requires:...

Section 7103. - 7103. (a) This division is subject to any treaty or...

Section 7104. - 7104. (a) Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (c), a...

Section 7105. - 7105. (a) Upon request of a person entitled under an...

Section 7106. - 7106. (a) A person has control of an electronic document...

CHAPTER 2 - Warehouse Receipts: Special Provisions

Section 7201. - 7201. (a) A warehouse receipt may be issued by any...

Section 7202. - 7202. (a) A warehouse receipt need not be in any...

Section 7203. - 7203. A party to or purchaser for value in good...

Section 7204. - 7204. (a) A warehouse is liable for damages for loss...

Section 7205. - 7205. A buyer in ordinary course of business of fungible...

Section 7206. - 7206. (a) A warehouse, by giving notice to the person...

Section 7207. - 7207. (a) Unless the warehouse receipt provides otherwise, a warehouse...

Section 7208. - 7208. If a blank in a negotiable tangible warehouse receipt...

Section 7209. - 7209. (a) A warehouse has a lien against the bailor...

Section 7210. - 7210. (a) Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (b), a...

CHAPTER 3 - Bills of Lading: Special Provisions

Section 7301. - 7301. (a) A consignee of a nonnegotiable bill of lading...

Section 7302. - 7302. (a) The issuer of a through bill of lading,...

Section 7303. - 7303. (a) Unless the bill of lading otherwise provides, a...

Section 7304. - 7304. (a) Except as customary in international transportation, a tangible...

Section 7305. - 7305. (a) Instead of issuing a bill of lading to...

Section 7306. - 7306. An unauthorized alteration or filling in of a blank...

Section 7307. - 7307. (a) A carrier has a lien on the goods...

Section 7308. - 7308. (a) A carrier’s lien on goods may be enforced...

Section 7309. - 7309. (a) A carrier that issues a bill of lading,...

CHAPTER 4 - Warehouse Receipts and Bills of Lading: General Obligations

Section 7401. - 7401. The obligations imposed by this division on an issuer...

Section 7402. - 7402. A duplicate or any other document of title purporting...

Section 7403. - 7403. (a) A bailee shall deliver the goods to a...

Section 7404. - 7404. A bailee that in good faith has received goods...

CHAPTER 5 - Warehouse Receipts and Bills of Lading: Negotiation and Transfer

Section 7501. - 7501. (a) The following rules apply to a negotiable tangible...

Section 7502. - 7502. (a) Subject to Sections 7205 and 7503, a holder...

Section 7503. - 7503. (a) A document of title confers no right in...

Section 7504. - 7504. (a) A transferee of a document of title, whether...

Section 7505. - 7505. The indorsement of a tangible document of title issued...

Section 7506. - 7506. The transferee of a negotiable tangible document of title...

Section 7507. - 7507. If a person negotiates or delivers a document of...

Section 7508. - 7508. A collecting bank or other intermediary known to be...

Section 7509. - 7509. Whether a document of title is adequate to fulfill...

CHAPTER 6 - Warehouse Receipts and Bills Of Lading: Miscellaneous Provisions

Section 7601. - 7601. (a) If a document of title is lost, stolen,...

Section 7602. - 7602. Unless a document of title was originally issued upon...

Section 7603. - 7603. If more than one person claims title to or...

DIVISION 8 - INVESTMENT SECURITIES

CHAPTER 1 - Short Title and General Matters

Section 8101. - 8101. This division may be cited as Uniform Commercial Code—Investment...

Section 8102. - 8102. (a) In this division: (1) “Adverse claim” means a...

Section 8103. - 8103. (a) A share or similar equity interest issued by...

Section 8104. - 8104. (a) A person acquires a security or an interest...

Section 8105. - 8105. (a) A person has notice of an adverse claim...

Section 8106. - 8106. (a) A purchaser has “control” of a certificated security...

Section 8107. - 8107. (a) “Appropriate person” means any of the following: (1)...

Section 8108. - 8108. (a) A person who transfers a certificated security to...

Section 8109. - 8109. (a) A person who originates an entitlement order to...

Section 8110. - 8110. (a) The local law of the issuer’s jurisdiction, as...

Section 8111. - 8111. A rule adopted by a clearing corporation governing rights...

Section 8112. - 8112. (a) The interest of a debtor in a certificated...

Section 8113. - 8113. A contract or modification of a contract for the...

Section 8114. - 8114. The following rules apply in an action on a...

Section 8115. - 8115. A securities intermediary that has transferred a financial asset...

Section 8116. - 8116. A securities intermediary that receives a financial asset and...

CHAPTER 2 - Issue and Issuer

Section 8201. - 8201. (a) With respect to an obligation on or a...

Section 8202. - 8202. (a) Even against a purchaser for value and without...

Section 8203. - 8203. After an act or event, other than a call...

Section 8204. - 8204. A restriction on transfer of a security imposed by...

Section 8205. - 8205. An unauthorized signature placed on a security certificate before...

Section 8206. - 8206. (a) If a security certificate contains the signatures necessary...

Section 8207. - 8207. (a) Before due presentment for registration of transfer of...

Section 8208. - 8208. (a) A person signing a security certificate as authenticating...

Section 8209. - 8209. A lien in favor of an issuer upon a...

Section 8210. - 8210. (a) In this section, “overissue” means the issue of...

CHAPTER 3 - Transfer of Certificated and Uncertificated Securities

Section 8301. - 8301. (a) Delivery of a certificated security to a purchaser...

Section 8302. - 8302. (a) Except as otherwise provided in subdivisions (b) and...

Section 8303. - 8303. (a) “Protected purchaser” means a purchaser of a certificated...

Section 8304. - 8304. (a) An endorsement may be in blank or special....

Section 8305. - 8305. (a) If an instruction has been originated by an...

Section 8306. - 8306. (a) A person who guarantees a signature of an...

Section 8307. - 8307. Unless otherwise agreed, the transferor of a security on...

CHAPTER 4 - Registration

Section 8401. - 8401. (a) If a certificated security in registered form is...

Section 8402. - 8402. (a) An issuer may require the following assurance that...

Section 8403. - 8403. (a) A person who is an appropriate person to...

Section 8404. - 8404. (a) Except as otherwise provided in Section 8406, an...

Section 8405. - 8405. (a) If an owner of a certificated security, whether...

Section 8406. - 8406. If a security certificate has been lost, apparently destroyed,...

Section 8407. - 8407. A person acting as authenticating trustee, transfer agent, registrar,...

CHAPTER 5 - Security Entitlements

Section 8501. - 8501. (a) “Securities account” means an account to which a...

Section 8502. - 8502. An action based on an adverse claim to a...

Section 8503. - 8503. (a) To the extent necessary for a securities intermediary...

Section 8504. - 8504. (a) A securities intermediary shall promptly obtain and thereafter...

Section 8505. - 8505. (a) A securities intermediary shall take action to obtain...

Section 8506. - 8506. A securities intermediary shall exercise rights with respect to...

Section 8507. - 8507. (a) A securities intermediary shall comply with an entitlement...

Section 8508. - 8508. A securities intermediary shall act at the direction of...

Section 8509. - 8509. (a) If the substance of a duty imposed upon...

Section 8510. - 8510. (a) In a case not covered by the priority...

Section 8511. - 8511. (a) Except as otherwise provided in subdivisions (b) and...

CHAPTER 6 - Transition Provisions

Section 8601. - 8601. This division becomes operative January 1, 1997. (Added by...

Section 8603. - 8603. (a) This division does not affect an action or...

DIVISION 9 - SECURED TRANSACTIONS

CHAPTER 1 - General Provisions

Section 9101. - 9101. This division may be cited as the Uniform Commercial...

Section 9102. - 9102. (a) In this division: (1) “Accession” means goods that...

Section 9103. - 9103. (a) In this section: (1) “Purchase money collateral” means...

Section 9104. - 9104. (a) A secured party has control of a deposit...

Section 9105. - 9105. (a) A secured party has control of electronic chattel...

Section 9106. - 9106. (a) A person has control of a certificated security,...

Section 9107. - 9107. A secured party has control of a letter-of-credit right...

Section 9108. - 9108. (a) Except as otherwise provided in subdivisions (c), (d),...

Section 9109. - 9109. (a) Except as otherwise provided in subdivisions (c) and...

Section 9110. - 9110. A security interest arising under Section 2401 or 2505,...

CHAPTER 2 - Effectiveness of Security Agreement: Attachment of Security Interest: Rights of Parties to Security Agreement

Section 9201. - 9201. (a) Except as otherwise provided in this code, a...

Section 9202. - 9202. Except as otherwise provided with respect to consignments or...

Section 9203. - 9203. (a) A security interest attaches to collateral when it...

Section 9204. - 9204. (a) Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (b), a...

Section 9205. - 9205. (a) A security interest is not invalid or fraudulent...

Section 9206. - 9206. (a) A security interest in favor of a securities...

Section 9207. - 9207. (a) Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (d), a...

Section 9208. - 9208. (a) This section applies to cases in which there...

Section 9209. - 9209. (a) Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (c), this...

Section 9210. - 9210. (a) In this section: (1) “Request” means a record...

CHAPTER 3 - Perfection and Priority

Section 9301. - 9301. Except as otherwise provided in Sections 9303 to 9306,...

Section 9302. - 9302. While farm products are located in a jurisdiction, the...

Section 9303. - 9303. (a) This section applies to goods covered by a...

Section 9304. - 9304. (a) The local law of a bank’s jurisdiction governs...

Section 9305. - 9305. (a) Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (c), the...

Section 9306. - 9306. (a) Subject to subdivision (c), the local law of...

Section 9307. - 9307. (a) In this section, “place of business” means a...

Section 9308. - 9308. (a) Except as otherwise provided in this section and...

Section 9309. - 9309. The following security interests are perfected when they attach:...

Section 9310. - 9310. (a) Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (b) and...

Section 9311. - 9311. (a) Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (d), the...

Section 9312. - 9312. (a) A security interest in chattel paper, negotiable documents,...

Section 9313. - 9313. (a) Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (b), a...

Section 9314. - 9314. (a) A security interest in investment property, deposit accounts,...

Section 9315. - 9315. (a) Except as otherwise provided in this division and...

Section 9316. - 9316. (a) A security interest perfected pursuant to the law...

Section 9317. - 9317. (a) A security interest or agricultural lien is subordinate...

Section 9318. - 9318. (a) A debtor that has sold an account, chattel...

Section 9319. - 9319. (a) Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (b), for...

Section 9320. - 9320. (a) Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (e), a...

Section 9321. - 9321. (a) In this section, “licensee in ordinary course of...

Section 9321.1. - 9321.1. A licensee of nonexclusive rights in a motion picture...

Section 9322. - 9322. (a) Except as otherwise provided in this section, priority...

Section 9323. - 9323. (a) Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (c), for...

Section 9324. - 9324. (a) Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (g), a...

Section 9325. - 9325. (a) Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (b), a...

Section 9326. - 9326. (a) Subject to subdivision (b), a security interest that...

Section 9327. - 9327. The following rules govern priority among conflicting security interests...

Section 9328. - 9328. The following rules govern priority among conflicting security interests...

Section 9329. - 9329. The following rules govern priority among conflicting security interests...

Section 9330. - 9330. (a) A purchaser of chattel paper has priority over...

Section 9331. - 9331. (a) This division does not limit the rights of...

Section 9332. - 9332. (a) A transferee of money takes the money free...

Section 9333. - 9333. (a) In this section, “possessory lien” means an interest,...

Section 9334. - 9334. (a) A security interest under this division may be...

Section 9335. - 9335. (a) A security interest may be created in an...

Section 9336. - 9336. (a) In this section, “commingled goods” means goods that...

Section 9337. - 9337. If, while a security interest in goods is perfected...

Section 9338. - 9338. If a security interest or agricultural lien is perfected...

Section 9339. - 9339. This division does not preclude subordination by agreement by...

Section 9340. - 9340. (a) Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (c), a...

Section 9341. - 9341. Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (c) of Section...

Section 9342. - 9342. This division does not require a bank to enter...

CHAPTER 4 - Rights of Third Parties

Section 9401. - 9401. (a) Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (b) and...

Section 9402. - 9402. The existence of a security interest, agricultural lien, or...

Section 9403. - 9403. (a) In this section, “value” has the meaning provided...

Section 9404. - 9404. (a) Unless an account debtor has made an enforceable...

Section 9405. - 9405. (a) A modification of or substitution for an assigned...

Section 9406. - 9406. (a) Subject to subdivisions (b) to (i), inclusive, an...

Section 9407. - 9407. (a) Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (b), a...

Section 9408. - 9408. (a) Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (b), a...

Section 9409. - 9409. (a) A term in a letter of credit or...

CHAPTER 5 - Filing

Section 9501. - 9501. (a) Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (b), if...

Section 9502. - 9502. (a) Subject to subdivision (b), a financing statement is...

Section 9503. - 9503. (a) A financing statement sufficiently provides the name of...

Section 9504. - 9504. A financing statement sufficiently indicates the collateral that it...

Section 9505. - 9505. (a) A consignor, lessor, or other bailor of goods,...

Section 9506. - 9506. (a) A financing statement substantially satisfying the requirements of...

Section 9507. - 9507. (a) A filed financing statement remains effective with respect...

Section 9508. - 9508. (a) Except as otherwise provided in this section, a...

Section 9509. - 9509. (a) A person may file an initial financing statement,...

Section 9510. - 9510. (a) A filed record is effective only to the...

Section 9511. - 9511. (a) A secured party of record with respect to...

Section 9512. - 9512. (a) Subject to Section 9509, a person may add...

Section 9513. - 9513. (a) A secured party shall cause the secured party...

Section 9514. - 9514. (a) Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (c), an...

Section 9515. - 9515. (a) Except as otherwise provided in subdivisions (b), (e),...

Section 9516. - 9516. (a) Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (b), communication...

Section 9517. - 9517. The failure of the filing office to index a...

Section 9518. - 9518. (a) A person may file in the filing office...

Section 9519. - 9519. (a) For each record filed in a filing office,...

Section 9520. - 9520. (a) A filing office shall refuse to accept a...

Section 9521. - 9521. (a) A filing office that accepts written records may...

Section 9522. - 9522. (a) The filing office shall maintain a record of...

Section 9523. - 9523. (a) If a person that files a written record...

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