16-165. Causes for cancellation; report
A. The county recorder shall cancel a registration:
1. At the request of the person registered.
2. When the county recorder is informed and confirms that the person registered is dead.
3. If the person has been adjudicated an incapacitated person as defined in section 14-5101.
4. When the person registered has been convicted of a felony, and the judgment of conviction has not been reversed or set aside. The county recorder shall cancel the registration on receipt of notice of a felony conviction from the court or from the secretary of state or when reported by the elector on a signed juror questionnaire that is completed pursuant to section 21-314.
5. On production of a certified copy of a judgment directing a cancellation to be made.
6. Promptly after the election if the person registered has applied for a ballot pursuant to section 16-126.
7. When a person has been on the inactive voter list and has not voted during the time periods prescribed in section 16-166, subsection C.
8. When the county recorder receives written information from the person registered that the person has a change of residence within the county and the person does not complete and return a new registration form within twenty-nine days after the county recorder mails notification of the need to complete and return a new registration form with current information.
9. When the county recorder receives written information from the person registered that the person has a change of address outside the county, including when the county recorder either:
(a) Receives a form from the person pursuant to subsection E of this section on which the person has confirmed that the person is not a resident of this state.
(b) Receives a summary report from the jury commissioner or jury manager pursuant to section 21-314 indicating that the person has stated that the person is not a resident of the county. Before the county recorder cancels a registration pursuant to this subdivision, the county recorder shall send the person notice by forwardable mail and a postage prepaid preaddressed return form requesting the person confirm by signing under penalty of perjury that the person is a resident of the county and is not knowingly registered to vote in another county or another state. The notice shall inform the person that failure to return the form within thirty-five days will result in the person's registration being canceled. If the person fails to return the notice within thirty-five days the county recorder shall cancel the person's registration.
10. When the county recorder obtains information pursuant to this section and confirms that the person registered is not a United States citizen, including when the county recorder receives a summary report from the jury commissioner or jury manager pursuant to section 21-314 indicating that a person who is registered to vote has stated that the person is not a United States citizen. Before the county recorder cancels a registration pursuant to this paragraph, the county recorder shall send the person notice by forwardable mail that the person's registration will be canceled in thirty-five days unless the person provides satisfactory evidence of United States citizenship pursuant to section 16-166. The notice shall include a list of documents the person may provide and a postage prepaid preaddressed return envelope. If the person registered does not provide satisfactory evidence within thirty-five days, the county recorder shall cancel the registration and notify the county attorney and attorney general for possible investigation.
11. When the county recorder receives confirmation from another county recorder that the person registered has registered to vote in that other county.
B. If the county recorder receives credible information that a person has registered to vote in a different county, the county recorder shall confirm the person's voter registration with that other county and, on confirmation, shall cancel the person's registration pursuant to subsection A, paragraph 11 of this section.
C. If the county recorder cancels a registration pursuant to subsection A, paragraph 8 of this section, the county recorder shall send the person notice that the registration has been canceled and a registration form with the information described in section 16-131, subsection C attached to the form.
D. When proceedings in the superior court or the United States district court result in a person being declared incapable of taking care of himself and managing his property, and for whom a guardian of the person and estate is appointed, result in such person being committed as an insane person or result in a person being convicted of a felony, the clerk of the superior court in the county in which those proceedings occurred shall file with the secretary of state an official notice of that fact. The secretary of state shall notify the appropriate county recorder and the recorder shall cancel the name of the person on the register. Such a notice shall name the person covered, shall give the person's date and place of birth if available, the person's social security number, if available, the person's usual place of residence, the person's address and the date of the notice, and shall be filed with the recorder of the county where the person last resided.
E. Each month the department of health services shall transmit to the secretary of state without charge a record of the death of every resident of the state reported to the department within the preceding month. This record shall include only the name of the decedent, the decedent's date of birth, the decedent's date of death, the decedent's social security number, if available, the decedent's usual legal residence at the time of death and, if available, the decedent's father's name or mother's maiden name. The secretary of state shall use the record for the sole purpose of canceling the names of deceased persons from the statewide voter registration database. In addition, the department of health services shall annually provide to the secretary of state from the statewide electronic death registration system without charge a record of all deaths of residents of this state that are reported to the department of health services. The records transmitted by the department of health services shall include only the name of the decedent, the decedent's date of birth, the decedent's social security number, if available, the decedent's usual legal residence at the time of death and, if available, the decedent's father's name or mother's maiden name. The secretary of state shall compare the records of deaths with the statewide voter registration database. Public access to the records is prohibited. Use of information from the records for purposes other than those required by this section is prohibited. The name of each deceased person shall promptly be canceled from the statewide voter registration database and the secretary of state shall notify the appropriate county recorder and the recorder shall cancel the name of the person from the register.
F. Each month the department of transportation shall furnish to the secretary of state without charge a list of persons who the department has been notified have been issued a driver license or the equivalent of an Arizona nonoperating identification license in another state. Within ten days after receiving the list of persons from the department of transportation, the secretary of state shall provide to the appropriate county recorder a list of registered voters in that county who have been issued a driver license or the equivalent of an Arizona nonoperating identification license in another state. The county recorder shall promptly send notice by forwardable mail to each person who has obtained a driver license or the equivalent of an Arizona nonoperating identification license in another state and a postage prepaid preaddressed return form requesting the person confirm by signing under penalty of perjury that the person is a resident of this state and is not knowingly registered to vote in another state or confirm that the person is not a resident of this state. The notice shall inform the person that failure to return the form within ninety days will result in the person's registration being placed in inactive status. If the person returns the form within ninety days confirming that the person is a resident of this state, the county recorder shall maintain the registration in active status. If the person fails to return the form within ninety days, the county recorder shall place the person's registration in inactive status.
G. Each month the secretary of state shall compare the statewide voter registration database to the driver license database maintained by the department of transportation. The secretary of state shall notify the appropriate county recorder if a person who is registered to vote in that county has changed the person's residence address or is not a United States citizen.
H. To the extent practicable, each month the county recorder shall compare the county's voter registration database to the social security administration database.
I. To the extent practicable, each month the county recorder shall compare persons who are registered to vote in that county and who the county recorder has reason to believe are not United States citizens and persons who are registered to vote without satisfactory evidence of citizenship as prescribed by section 16-166 with the systematic alien verification for entitlements program maintained by the United States citizenship and immigration services to verify the citizenship status of the persons registered.
J. For persons who are registered to vote without satisfactory evidence of citizenship as prescribed in section 16-166, the county recorder shall compare the electronic verification of vital events system maintained by a national association for public health statistics and information systems, if accessible, with the information on the person's voter registration file.
K. To the extent practicable, the county recorder shall review relevant city, town, county, state and federal databases to which the county recorder has access to confirm information obtained that requires cancellation of registrations pursuant to this section.
L. After canceling a registration pursuant to this section, the county recorder shall send a notice by forwardable mail informing the person that the person's registration has been canceled, the reason for cancellation, the qualifications of electors pursuant to section 16-101 and instructions on registering to vote if the person is qualified.
M. The secretary of state shall report the following information to the legislature at the end of each quarter:
1. The number of deaths reported to the secretary of state by the department of health services, the number of voter registration cancellation notices issued by the secretary of state to the county recorders as a result of those reports and the number of registrations canceled as a result of those notices.
2. The number of persons reported to the secretary of state who have been issued a driver license or the equivalent of an Arizona nonoperating identification license in another state, the number of notices sent pursuant to subsection E of this section and the number of voter registrations that have been placed in inactive status and the number of voter registrations that have been canceled as a result of those notices.
3. The number of persons who have stated on a jury questionnaire that the person is not a United States citizen, the number of notices sent pursuant to subsection A, paragraph 10 of this section and the number of registrations that have been canceled as a result of those notices.
4. The number of persons who have stated on a jury questionnaire that the person is not a resident of the county, the number of notices sent pursuant to subsection A, paragraph 9, subdivision (b) of this section and the number of registrations that have been canceled as a result of those notices.
5. The number of registrations on the inactive voter list that have been canceled pursuant to subsection A, paragraph 7 of this section.
Structure Arizona Revised Statutes
Title 16 - Elections and Electors
§ 16-101 - Qualifications of registrant; definition
§ 16-102 - Power of attorney; prohibited use
§ 16-104 - Registration in incorporated cities and towns
§ 16-105 - Registration required by city ordinance or charter
§ 16-112 - Driver license voter registration
§ 16-120 - Eligibility to vote
§ 16-121 - Qualified elector; definition
§ 16-121.01 - Requirements for proper registration; violation; classification
§ 16-122 - Registration and records prerequisite to voting
§ 16-123 - Proof of location of residence
§ 16-124 - Public officer residing in county of post of duty
§ 16-125 - Change of residence to different county during twenty-nine day period preceding election
§ 16-126 - Authority to vote in presidential election after moving from state
§ 16-127 - Federal only voters; early ballot; eligibility; exemption
§ 16-128 - Clerk of the court; secretary of state; county recorder; notice of conviction
§ 16-131 - Registration of electors; deputy registrars
§ 16-132 - Voter registration assistance; hunting, fishing, trapping licenses; definitions
§ 16-133 - Voter registration events; website posting
§ 16-135 - Change of residence from one address to another
§ 16-136 - Change of political party
§ 16-138 - Voter registration database; federal only voters; analysis; annual report; investigation
§ 16-139 - Registration expenses as county charge
§ 16-140 - Voter registration assistance agencies; definitions
§ 16-141 - Armed forces recruiting offices; voter registration assistance
§ 16-143 - Federal only voters; attorney general; investigation; report
§ 16-144 - Same day voter registration prohibited; violation; classification
§ 16-145 - Automatic voter registration prohibited
§ 16-151 - Forms for registration supplied by county recorder and secretary of state
§ 16-153 - Voter registration; confidentiality; definitions
§ 16-161 - Official record of registration; federal form; reporting
§ 16-162 - Retention of registration forms and record of cancellation
§ 16-165 - Causes for cancellation; report
§ 16-166 - Verification of registration
§ 16-168.01 - County contributions to the voter registration system fund; exemption
§ 16-169 - Disposition and use of precinct registers; signature roster; form
§ 16-170 - Transmittal of signature roster to county recorder; comparison of names by recorder
§ 16-171 - Preservation of signature rosters as permanent records
§ 16-172 - Use of county registration rolls by political subdivisions
§ 16-173 - County recorder to file data processing system or program
§ 16-181 - Return of registration; violation; classification
§ 16-182 - False registration; classification; cancellation of registration
§ 16-183 - Violations; classification
§ 16-184 - Additional violations; classification
§ 16-193 - Active registered voters; applicability
§ 16-202 - Notice of offices for which candidates are to be nominated at primary
§ 16-203 - Primary election for nomination of candidates in municipalities
§ 16-204 - Declaration of statewide concern; consolidated election dates; definition
§ 16-205 - Election dates; notice; administration
§ 16-212 - Election of presidential electors; electoral college votes; vacancy; replacement
§ 16-213 - Election of United States senator
§ 16-221 - Special election to fill vacancy in Congress
§ 16-222 - Vacancy in the office of United States senator or representative
§ 16-225 - Special district election dates
§ 16-226 - Nonpartisan elections; local elections; time of calling; definition
§ 16-227 - Publication or posting of call of election for nonpartisan elections
§ 16-228 - Notice of election for nonpartisan elections
§ 16-229 - Affidavit of compliance
§ 16-230 - Vacancy in certain state or county offices; election
§ 16-241 - Presidential preference election; conduct of election
§ 16-242 - Qualifications for ballot; nomination paper
§ 16-243 - National convention delegates; vote for candidates
§ 16-244 - Representation on ballot
§ 16-245 - Form and content of ballot
§ 16-246 - Early balloting; satellite locations; additional procedures
§ 16-247 - Write-in candidates prohibited
§ 16-248 - Designation of polling places
§ 16-249 - Certification of election to parties; automatic recount inapplicable; tabulation
§ 16-250 - Expenses of election
§ 16-301 - Nomination of candidates for printing on official ballot of general or special election
§ 16-302 - Failure to nominate candidate in primary election
§ 16-311 - Nomination papers; statement of interest; filing; definitions
§ 16-312 - Filing of nomination papers for write-in candidates
§ 16-313 - Filing of nomination paper and petitions for special primary election
§ 16-314 - Filing and form of nomination petitions; definition
§ 16-315 - Form of petitions; registration of circulators
§ 16-317 - Secure online signature collection; municipal, county and precinct committeeman offices
§ 16-318 - Secure online signature collection; federal offices
§ 16-321 - Signing and certification of nomination petition; definition
§ 16-322 - Number of signatures required on nomination petitions
§ 16-331 - Election of superior court judges by declared divisions of court
§ 16-332 - Election of justices of supreme court or judges of court of appeals by declared terms
§ 16-333 - Preparation and filing of nominating petition for certain judicial offices
§ 16-342 - Special election nominations by delegate convention
§ 16-343 - Filling vacancy caused by death or incapacity or withdrawal of candidate
§ 16-344 - Office of presidential elector; appointment by state committee chairman
§ 16-351 - Limitations on appeals of validity of nomination petitions; disqualification of candidate
§ 16-351.01 - Nomination challenges; expenses
§ 16-401 - Applicability of general election law to primary elections
§ 16-403 - City or town elections; duties of officers
§ 16-404 - Preparation of polling place; voting booths; ballot boxes for paper ballots
§ 16-405 - Preparation for elections
§ 16-406 - Public display of voting equipment
§ 16-407.01 - Election administration; private monies prohibited
§ 16-407.02 - Elections training classes; statement; water; registration form
§ 16-407.03 - Election deadlines; filings; violation; classification
§ 16-408 - Cost of special district elections; bond
§ 16-409 - Certain cities, towns and school districts; mail ballot elections; report
§ 16-410 - Cancellation of certain elections; appointment to office; filling vacancies
§ 16-412 - Effective date of new precincts
§ 16-413 - Precincts; special district boundaries
§ 16-441 - Effective date of article; approval of counting equipment
§ 16-442 - Committee approval; adoption of vote tabulating equipment; experimental use; emergency
§ 16-442.01 - Accessible voting technology; recommendations; certification; applicability
§ 16-443 - Authorization of use at all elections
§ 16-444 - Definitions; applicability of general laws
§ 16-445 - Filing of computer election programs with secretary of state
§ 16-446 - Specifications of electronic voting system
§ 16-447 - Voting devices; inspection; specifications and number of booths
§ 16-448 - Write-in votes; instructions
§ 16-449 - Required test of equipment and programs; notice; procedures manual
§ 16-450 - Location and acquisition of vote tabulating devices
§ 16-451 - Cost; means of financing
§ 16-462 - Form of paper ballot
§ 16-464 - Rotation of names on ballots
§ 16-465 - Arrangement of candidates' names at primary election
§ 16-467 - Method of voting on ballot
§ 16-468 - Form of ballot; optical scanning system; sample ballots
§ 16-501 - Compliance with primary election law as prerequisite to printing name on ballot
§ 16-502 - Form and contents of ballot
§ 16-504 - Antifraud ballot paper; vendor certification; antifraud measures
§ 16-507 - Presentation of presidential candidates on ballot
§ 16-508 - Number of ballots furnished each polling place
§ 16-509 - Delivery of ballots to election officers
§ 16-510 - Sample ballots; preparation and distribution
§ 16-511 - Duty of board of supervisors to furnish election supplies to precinct officers
§ 16-512 - Displaying United States flag at polls
§ 16-513 - Instructions for voters and election officers; overvote notice
§ 16-513.01 - Right to vote a provisional ballot; notice
§ 16-514 - Notice to voters; form
§ 16-515 - "Seventy-five foot limit" notices; posting; violation; classification
§ 16-531 - Appointment of election boards; qualifications
§ 16-533 - Filling vacancy in election board by electors
§ 16-535 - Election marshal; appointment; powers and duties
§ 16-536 - Compensation of election board officers
§ 16-537 - Powers and duties of election officers with respect to special elections
§ 16-542 - Request for ballot; civil penalties; violation; classification
§ 16-543 - Application for ballot; United States service; emergency procedures
§ 16-543.02 - Federal write-in early ballots; procedure; registration form
§ 16-544 - Active early voting list; civil penalty; violation; classification; definition
§ 16-547 - Ballot affidavit; form
§ 16-548 - Preparation and transmission of ballot
§ 16-550 - Receipt of voter's ballot; cure period
§ 16-550; Version 2 - Receipt of voter's ballot; cure period; tracking system
§ 16-551 - Early election board; violation; classification
§ 16-552 - Early ballots; processing; challenges
§ 16-558 - Special districts; mail ballot election option; conduct
§ 16-558.01 - Mailing of ballots
§ 16-558.02 - Replacement ballots
§ 16-562 - Preparation and arrangement of polling place with voting booths and ballot boxes
§ 16-563 - Posting sample ballots, instruction cards and notice to voters before opening polls
§ 16-565 - Hours polls opened and closed; proclamation of opening and closing polls
§ 16-566 - Opening and closing of polling place; unused ballots
§ 16-570 - Conduct of election; duties of officers; placing machines
§ 16-571 - Poll lists to be kept by election clerk; posting
§ 16-572 - Delivery and custody of ballots at polling place
§ 16-573 - Substitution of ballots when official ballots not available
§ 16-574 - Repair or substitution of machines; use of paper ballots
§ 16-579 - Procedure for obtaining ballot by elector
§ 16-579.01 - Early ballots; on-site tabulation
§ 16-579.02 - Election day early ballot on-site tabulation procedure; fund
§ 16-580 - Manner of voting; assistance for certain electors
§ 16-581 - Elderly persons; persons with disabilities; inaccessible polling places; definitions
§ 16-583 - Voter not on precinct register; inactive voter list; procedure
§ 16-585 - Spoiled ballots; disposition
§ 16-590 - Appointment of challengers and party representatives
§ 16-591 - Grounds for challenging an elector
§ 16-592 - Proceedings on challenge; disposition of ballot
§ 16-593 - Rules determining residence of voter upon challenge; reading of rules upon request
§ 16-594 - List of challenges, grounds and rulings
§ 16-603 - Inspection of ballots by party representative
§ 16-604 - Election integrity fund; purpose; exemption
§ 16-607 - Statements of tally
§ 16-608 - Delivery of ballots; electronic voting system
§ 16-609 - Questioned legality of ballots; procedure
§ 16-610 - Uncertainty of voter's choice as cause for rejection
§ 16-611 - Certain defects invalidating vote for particular office
§ 16-612 - Determination of write-in choice of voter
§ 16-614 - Signing of tally lists after completion of tally
§ 16-615 - Delivery of returns
§ 16-616 - Preparation and disposition of unofficial returns
§ 16-617 - Transmittal of signature roster and precinct registers after election
§ 16-621 - Proceedings at the counting center
§ 16-622 - Official canvass; unofficial results
§ 16-623 - Copy of abstract of vote of certain counties filed with secretary of state
§ 16-624 - Disposition of official returns and ballots
§ 16-625 - Electronic data and digital images; ballots; security
§ 16-642 - Canvass of election; postponements
§ 16-644 - Effect of want of form in precinct returns
§ 16-646 - Statement, contents and mailing of official canvass
§ 16-647 - Declaration of election to office; delivery of certificate of election
§ 16-648 - Canvass for state offices, amendments and measures; postponement
§ 16-649 - Determination of tie vote; notice to candidates; exception
§ 16-650 - Declaration of election to office; delivery of certificate of election
§ 16-651 - Proclamation by governor on amendments and initiated and referred measures
§ 16-661 - Automatic recount; requirements
§ 16-662 - Certification to superior court of facts requiring recount
§ 16-663 - Recount of votes; method
§ 16-664 - Recount of votes by automatic tabulating system
§ 16-665 - Determination of results by court; distribution of copies of order of determination
§ 16-666 - Expenses of recount
§ 16-667 - Supplementary nature of article
§ 16-671 - Contest of primary elections
§ 16-672 - Contest of state election; grounds; venue
§ 16-673 - Statement of contest; verification; filing
§ 16-674 - Contest of county or other election
§ 16-675 - Summons; form; answer
§ 16-676 - Time for hearing contest; continuance; findings of the court; judgment
§ 16-677 - Inspection of ballots before trial; petition; bond; appointment of inspectors
§ 16-678 - Inapplicability of article to contests of election of legislators
§ 16-701 - Applicability of election laws
§ 16-702 - Number of delegates
§ 16-703 - Qualifications of candidates for delegate; nominations
§ 16-706 - Meeting of delegates in convention
§ 16-707 - Organization of convention
§ 16-708 - Journal of proceedings
§ 16-709 - Certificate of ratification
§ 16-710 - Compensation and mileage of delegates
§ 16-711 - Congressional provisions as superseding article
§ 16-801 - Representation of new party on ballot at primary and general elections
§ 16-802 - Representation of new party on ballot for county or municipal election
§ 16-807 - Political parties trust fund
§ 16-821 - County committee; vacancy in office of precinct committeeman
§ 16-822 - Precinct committeemen; eligibility; vacancy; duties; term
§ 16-823 - Legislative district committee; organization; boundary change; reorganization
§ 16-824 - Meeting, organization and officers of county committee
§ 16-825.01 - State committee; vacancy; filling of vacancy
§ 16-826 - Meeting, organization and officers of state committee
§ 16-827 - Executive committee of state committee
§ 16-901.01 - Limitations on certain unreported expenditures and contributions
§ 16-905 - Committee qualification; requirements; exemption; adjustments
§ 16-906 - Committee statement of organization; amendment; committee limitation
§ 16-907 - Committee recordkeeping; treasurer; accounts
§ 16-908 - Mega PAC status qualification
§ 16-911 - Exemption from definition of contribution
§ 16-912 - Individual contribution limits; requirements
§ 16-913 - Candidate committee contribution limits; requirements
§ 16-914 - Political action committee contribution limits; requirements
§ 16-915 - Political party contribution limits; requirements
§ 16-917 - Partnership contribution limits; requirements
§ 16-918 - Earmarking prohibited
§ 16-921 - Exemptions from definition of expenditure
§ 16-922 - Independent and coordinated expenditures
§ 16-925 - Advertising and fundraising disclosure statements
§ 16-926 - Campaign finance reports; contents
§ 16-927 - Campaign finance reporting period
§ 16-928 - Filing officer; statements and reports
§ 16-931 - Biennial adjustments; committee registration; contribution limits
§ 16-933 - Transfer and disposal of committee monies; limitations
§ 16-934 - Termination statement; filing; contents
§ 16-937 - Failure to file; penalties; notice; suspension
§ 16-938 - Enforcement authority; investigation; reasonable cause; notice of violation; appeal
§ 16-940 - Findings and declarations
§ 16-941 - Limits on spending and contributions for political campaigns
§ 16-942 - Civil penalties and forfeiture of office
§ 16-943 - Criminal violations and penalties
§ 16-945 - Limits on early contributions
§ 16-946 - Qualifying contributions
§ 16-947 - Certification as a participating candidate
§ 16-948 - Controls on participating candidates' campaign accounts
§ 16-949 - Controls on spending from citizens clean elections fund
§ 16-950 - Qualification for clean elections funding
§ 16-951 - Clean elections funding
§ 16-952 - One-party-dominant legislative district
§ 16-953 - Return of monies to the citizens clean elections fund
§ 16-954 - Disposition of excess monies
§ 16-955 - Citizens clean election commission; structure
§ 16-956 - Voter education and enforcement duties
§ 16-957 - Enforcement procedure
§ 16-958 - Manner of filing reports
§ 16-959 - Inflationary and other adjustments of dollar values
§ 16-1001 - Applicability of penal provisions
§ 16-1002 - Counterfeiting or distributing unlawful ballots; classification
§ 16-1003 - False endorsement, knowing destruction or delay in delivery of ballot; classification
§ 16-1005 - Ballot abuse; violation; classification
§ 16-1006 - Changing vote of elector by corrupt means or inducement; classification
§ 16-1007 - Election officer ascertaining or disclosing elector's vote; classification
§ 16-1008 - Election officer changing vote of elector by menace or reward; classification
§ 16-1009 - Failure or refusal to perform duty by election officer; classification
§ 16-1010 - Refusal by election officer to perform duty; violation of election law; classification
§ 16-1011 - Counterfeiting election returns; violation; classification
§ 16-1012 - Intimidation of elector by employer; classification
§ 16-1013 - Coercion or intimidation of elector; classification
§ 16-1014 - Corruption of electors; classification
§ 16-1015 - Election wagers; classification
§ 16-1017 - Unlawful acts by voters with respect to voting; classification
§ 16-1018 - Additional unlawful acts by persons with respect to voting; classification
§ 16-1019 - Political signs; printed materials; tampering; violation; classification
§ 16-1020 - Signing of petitions; violation; classification
§ 16-1021 - Enforcement by attorney general and county, city or town attorney
§ 16-1022 - Campaign finance violations; classification
§ 16-1101 - Redistricting; legislative district designation
§ 16-1103 - Legislative and congressional redistricting; census enumeration