A. The governor may, in case of insurrection, invasion, riot or breach of the peace or of imminent danger thereof or in case of other emergency, order into active service of the state the militia or any components or parts thereof that have not been called into federal service. As used in this section, "emergency" includes any man-made or natural disaster causing or threatening widespread physical or economic harm that is beyond local control and requiring the resources of the state.
B. The governor may also order any member of the national guard to active state service for a period not to exceed a cumulative total of four months within a calendar year for any individual member for the following reasons:
(1) to protect critical infrastructure in the state from a cybersecurity threat or security vulnerability;
(2) to protect an information system owned or operated by the state from a cybersecurity threat or security vulnerability;
(3) to protect information that is stored on, processed by or transiting on an information system owned or operated by the state from a cybersecurity threat or security vulnerability; or
(4) to identify the source of a cybersecurity threat.
C. A member of the national guard called to active service pursuant to the provisions of Subsection B of this section shall not have any police powers or arrest authority. "Subsection B of Section 20-2-3 NMSA 1978" shall be cited on all orders, vouchers and payroll documents submitted for reimbursement pursuant to Section 20-1-6 NMSA 1978 in support of all actions authorized by Subsection B of this section. In no case shall an activation ordered pursuant to Subsection B of this section be used to incur a debt under Article 9, Section 7 of the constitution of New Mexico.
D. In case of any breach of the peace, tumult, riot or resistance to process of this state or imminent danger thereof, the sheriff of a county may call for aid from the governor as commander-in-chief of the national guard. If it appears to the governor that the power of the county is insufficient to enable the sheriff to preserve the peace and protect the lives and property of the peaceful residents of the county or to overcome the resistance to process of this state, the governor shall, on application of the sheriff, order out such military force as is necessary.
E. When any portion of the militia is called out for the purpose of suppressing an unlawful or riotous assembly, the commander of the troops shall cooperate with the civil officers to the fullest extent consistent with the accomplishment of the object for which the troops were called. The civil officials may express to the commander of the troops the general or specific objective that the civil officials desire to accomplish, but the tactical direction of the troops, the kind and extent of force to be used and the particular means to be employed to accomplish the object specified by the civil officers shall be left solely to the commander of the troops present on duty.
F. When any portion of the militia is ordered into active service pursuant to this section in case of an emergency, the militia may provide those resources and services necessary to avoid or minimize economic or physical harm until a situation becomes stabilized and again under local self-support and control, including the provision, on a temporary, emergency basis, for lodging, sheltering, health care, food and any transportation or shipping necessary to protect lives or public property; or for any other action necessary to protect the public health, safety and welfare.
G. In the event of the exercise by the governor of the powers under this section, the governor shall first utilize the personnel and assets of the national guard and only in their absence or insufficiency utilize the personnel and assets of the state defense force.
History: 1978 Comp., § 20-2-3, enacted by Laws 1987, ch. 318, § 10; 1999, ch. 140, § 3; 2017, ch. 93, § 1.
Repeals and reenactments. — Laws 1987, Chapter 318 repealed former 20-2-3 NMSA 1978, as enacted by Laws 1943, ch. 29, § 1, relating to the definition of militia, and enacted a new section, effective April 10, 1987.
Cross references. — For constitutional power of governor to call out militia, see N.M. Const., art. V, § 4.
The 2017 amendment, effective April 6, 2017, authorized the activation of the national guard in the case of cybersecurity threats, placed limits on the authority exercised pursuant to such activation, and prohibited the incurrence of debt for such activations; added new Subsections B and C, and redesignated the succeeding subsections accordingly; and in Subsection F, after "health care, food", added "and".
The 1999 amendment, effective June 18, 1999, added the last sentence in Subsection A, added Subsection D, redesignated former Subsection D as Subsection E and made minor stylistic changes.
Generally. — When acting within the power vested in him by N.M. Const., art. V, § 4 and this section, the governor may order into active service the militia of the state and may direct locality of operations. He is made the sole judge of the facts that may seem to demand the assistance of the military forces of the state. The presumption of course is that he will not exercise this power unless it becomes necessary. To his good judgment and sound discretion, the law has left the final decision as to whether the military arm of the state shall be ordered into active service. There is no power in the courts to control or restrain his acts. State ex rel. Charlton v. French, 1940-NMSC-010, 44 N.M. 169, 99 P.2d 715.
Effects of using militia. — Where the governor of the state, seeking to quell insurrection, calls out the militia by executive process and puts them in charge, such military forces do not act as sheriffs or deputy sheriffs, but their power supersedes the civil authorities; the courts may not, under writs of habeas corpus, interfere with their arrests made during insurrection. State ex rel. Roberts v. Swope, 1933-NMSC-097, 38 N.M. 53, 28 P.2d 4.
Quartering of men and equipment. — Governor may expend money to quarter men and equipment of national guard, although men and equipment are not engaged in active duty. State ex rel. Charlton v. French, 1940-NMSC-010, 44 N.M. 169, 99 P.2d 715.
Converting and quartering of cavalry. — Governor may convert cavalry into a mechanized unit in an emergency to provide better for the public defense, and may order armories altered to quarter same. State ex rel. Charlton v. French, 1940-NMSC-010, 44 N.M. 169, 99 P.2d 715.
Enlistment generally. — A voluntary enlistment is a contractual relationship between the person enlisting and the state. It is a contract which, in effect, changes the status of the party enlisting. 1955 Op. Att'y Gen. No. 55-6315.
Am. Jur. 2d, A.L.R. and C.J.S. references. — 53 Am. Jur. 2d Military, and Civil Defense §§ 3, 32.
Constitutionality of statute providing for payments to public officers or employees who enter military service of the United States or their dependents, 145 A.L.R. 1156.
Workmen's compensation: person in military or naval service, 150 A.L.R. 1456.
6 C.J.S. Armed Services § 295.
Structure 2021 New Mexico Statutes
Section 20-2-1 - Definitions and principles.
Section 20-2-2 - Militia composition.
Section 20-2-3 - Governor; power to call out militia.
Section 20-2-4 - Governor; proclamation of a state of insurrection.
Section 20-2-5 - Fresh pursuit.
Section 20-2-6 - Governor; call for federal or state service; powers.
Section 20-2-7 - Miscellaneous provisions.