Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations
Chapter 84 - State trunk highways; federal aid.
84.06 - Highway construction.

84.06 Highway construction.
(1) Definitions. In this section:
(a) Subject to par. (b), “improvement" or “highway improvement" includes all of the following:
1. Construction, reconstruction, rehabilitation, and processes incidental to building, fabricating, or bettering a highway or street.
2. Highway operations or activities that are life-cycle or investment driven and that are based on an asset management philosophy in which taking action adds service life by preventing or delaying deterioration of highway system functionality.
(b) “Improvement" or “highway improvement" does not include any of the following:
1. Maintenance activities described in s. 84.07 (1).
2. The installation, replacement, rehabilitation, or maintenance of highway signs, highway lighting, or pavement markings or the maintenance of traffic control signals or intelligent transportation systems, unless incidental to building, fabricating, or bettering a highway or street.
(1m) Plans. The department may prepare plans, estimates and specifications and undertake and perform all surveys, investigations and engineering work for any highway improvement within its jurisdiction. When provision has been made for the necessary funds for any such highway improvement and, if federal aid is to be utilized, when the project has been approved by the proper federal authorities, the department may proceed as provided in this section, with due regard to any applicable federal requirement or regulation.
(2) Bids, contracts.
(a) All such highway improvements shall be executed by contract based on bids unless the department finds that another method as provided in sub. (3) or (4) would be more feasible and advantageous. Bids shall be advertised for in the manner determined by the department. Except as provided in s. 84.075, the contract shall be awarded to the lowest competent and responsible bidder as determined by the department. If the bid of the lowest competent bidder is determined by the department to be in excess of the estimated reasonable value of the work or not in the public interest, all bids may be rejected. The department shall, so far as reasonable, follow uniform methods of advertising for bids and may prescribe and require uniform forms of bids and contracts. Except as provided in par. (b), the secretary shall enter into the contract on behalf of the state. Every such contract is exempted from ss. 16.70 to 16.75, 16.755 to 16.82, 16.87 and 16.89, but ss. 16.528, 16.752, and 16.754 apply to the contract. Any such contract involving an expenditure of $1,000 or more shall not be valid until approved by the governor. The secretary may require the attorney general to examine any contract and any bond submitted in connection with the contract and report on its sufficiency of form and execution. The bond required by s. 779.14 (1m) is exempt from approval by the governor and shall be subject to approval by the secretary. This subsection also applies to contracts with private contractors based on bids for maintenance under s. 84.07.
(b) The department may designate the governing body of a city, county, village or town as its agent on behalf of the state to perform those bidding and contracting responsibilities under par. (a) that the department determines are appropriate to delegate. An agent so designated who enters into a contract under this subsection shall do so on behalf of the department and the state, and the state shall be a party to the contract. Any such contract is subject to the conditions specified for contracts entered into by the secretary. The department may authorize an agent who is designated under this paragraph to perform bidding and contracting responsibilities under par. (a) to administer the resulting contract on behalf of the state.
(3) Contracts with county or municipality; direct labor; materials. If the department finds that it would be more feasible and advantageous to have the improvement performed by the county in which the proposed improvement is located and without bids, the department may, by arrangement with the county highway committee of the county, enter into a contract satisfactory to the department to have the work done by the county forces and equipment. In such contract the department may authorize the county to purchase, deliver, and store materials and may fix the rental rates of small tools and equipment. The contract shall be between the county and the state and shall not be based on bids, and may be entered into on behalf of the county by the county highway committee and on behalf of the state by the secretary. Such contract is exempted from s. 779.14 and from all provisions of chs. 16 and 230, except s. 16.754. If the total estimated indebtedness to be incurred exceeds $5,000 the contract shall not be valid until approved by the governor. The provisions of this subsection relating to agreements between a county and the state shall also authorize and apply to such arrangements between a city, town, or a village and the state. In such cases, the governing body of the city, town, or village shall enter into the agreement on behalf of the municipality.
(4) Special contracts with railroads and utilities. If an improvement undertaken by the department will cross or affect the property or facilities of a railroad or public utility company, the department may, upon finding that it is feasible and advantageous to the state, arrange to perform portions of the improvement work affecting such facilities or property or perform work of altering, rearranging, or relocating such facilities by contract with the railroad or public utility. Such contract shall be between the railroad company or public utility and the state and need not be based on bids. The contract may be entered into on behalf of the state by the secretary. Every such contract is exempted from s. 779.14 and from all provisions of chs. 16 and 230, except ss. 16.528, 16.752, and 16.754. No such contract in which the total estimated debt to be incurred exceeds $5,000 shall be valid until approved by the governor. As used in this subsection, “public utility" means the same as in s. 196.01 (5), and includes a telecommunications carrier as defined in s. 196.01 (8m), and “railroad" means the same as in s. 195.02. “Property" as used in this subsection includes but is not limited to tracks, trestles, signals, grade crossings, rights-of-way, stations, pole lines, plants, substations, and other facilities. Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to relieve any railroad or public utility from any financial obligation, expense, duty, or responsibility otherwise provided by law relative to such property.
(6) Excess cost. Any excess in construction cost over the funds made available for any piece of work, shall be paid from unobligated funds as the department may determine, and any balance shall be credited to the appropriation from which the work was financed.
(7) Inspection and payment. The department may provide for the inspection of each piece of work to insure its proper performance. All indebtedness incurred under this section for any highway improvement shall be paid out of the available funds subject, if federal aid is utilized, to any applicable federal requirement or regulation.
(8) Contract for materials. Whenever an improvement has been determined upon and provision has been made for fully financing the cost the department, if it concludes that a probable saving can be effected thereby, may contract for any or all of the materials to be used in the improvement and for the delivery and storage of said materials at suitable points, and pay for the same out of any funds available for the improvement.
(9) Cattle passes. As a part of any highway improvement or as a separate project under this section, cattle passes may be constructed at places determined to be necessary and practical.
(10) Study required for highway development projects. The department shall conduct a study of the costs and benefits of each major highway development project which is commenced after July 1, 1980, and funded from the appropriation under s. 20.395 (3) (bq).
(11) State trails. As a part of any highway improvement or as a separate project under this section, a portion of a hiking trail, cross-country ski trail, bridle trail or bicycle trail under the management of a state agency, municipality or nonprofit corporation may be incorporated into the highway right-of-way, and facilities for safe crossing of the highway may be provided.
(12) Borrow sites.
(a) In this subsection:
1. “Borrow" means soil or a mixture of soil and stone, gravel, or other material suitable for use in the construction of embankments or other similar earthworks constructed as part of a state highway construction project.
2. “Borrow site" means any site from which borrow is excavated for use in a specified state highway construction project.
3. “Political subdivision" means a city, village, town, or county.
(b) No zoning ordinance enacted under s. 59.69, 60.61, 60.62, 61.35, or 62.23 may apply to a borrow site if all of the following apply:
1. The borrow site is located on a property near the site of the state highway construction project on which the borrow is to be used.
2. The owner of the property has consented to the establishment of the borrow site on his or her property.
3. The borrow site is used solely for the specified state highway construction project and solely during the period of construction of the specified state highway construction project.
4. The owner of the property on which the borrow site is located agrees to any noise abatement or landscaping measures required by the governing body of the political subdivision during the period of use.
5. The owner of the property on which the borrow site is located agrees to reasonably restore the site after the period of use.
(c) This subsection does not apply to any borrow site opened for use after July 1, 2011.
(13) Expenditures for intelligent transportation systems and traffic control signals.
(a) The installation, replacement, or rehabilitation of traffic control signals and intelligent transportation systems, not incidental to another highway improvement, may be funded only from the appropriations under s. 20.395 (3) (eq), (et), (ev), (eu), (ex), and (ez).
(b) No later than September 1, 2014, and annually thereafter until September 1, 2019, the department shall prepare and submit a report under s. 13.172 (3) to the standing committees of the legislature with jurisdiction over transportation matters on the expenditures from s. 20.395 (3) (et), (eu), and (ez) and on any other pertinent information related to traffic signals and intelligent transportation systems.
History: 1971 c. 125; 1977 c. 29 ss. 932, 1654 (8) (a); 1977 c. 196 s. 131; 1977 c. 273; 1979 c. 32 s. 92 (9); 1979 c. 34, 314; 1983 a. 27; 1983 a. 524 ss. 31, 50; 1985 a. 225 s. 100; 1985 a. 300, 332; 1987 a. 98, 399; 1989 a. 31, 345; 1993 a. 496; 1995 a. 27; 1997 a. 237; 2001 a. 16; 2005 a. 410; 2009 a. 28; 2013 a. 20; 2021 a. 267.
The Department of Transportation may reevaluate a bidder's prior qualification or reject the lowest bid on the ground of irresponsibility of the successful bidder, but, in both instances, notice and an opportunity for hearing on the reevaluation must be given to the contractor. 63 Atty. Gen. 60.

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