§38-16-501. Liability.
(a) A person may not make, present, or use a document or other record with:
(1) Knowledge that the document or other record is a fraudulent court record or a fraudulent lien or claim against real or personal property or an interest in real or personal property;
(2) Intent that the document or other record be given the same legal effect as a court record or document of a court created by or established under the Constitution or laws of this state or the United States, evidencing a valid lien or claim against real or personal property or an interest in real or personal property; and
(3) Intent to cause another person to suffer:
(A) Physical injury;
(B) Financial injury; or
(C) Mental anguish or emotional distress.
(b) A person who violates subsection (a) is liable to each injured person for:
(1) The greater of:
(A) $10,000; or
(B) The actual damages caused by the violation;
(2) Court costs;
(3) Reasonable attorney's fees; and
(4) Exemplary damages in an amount determined by the court.
Structure West Virginia Code
Article 16. Fraudulent Common Law Liens
§38-16-101. Definitions; Application of Definitions
§38-16-102. Court of Competent Jurisdiction Defined
§38-16-103. Federal Government Defined
§38-16-104. Federal Official or Employee Defined
§38-16-106. Nonconsensual Common Law Lien Defined
§38-16-107. Purported Court Defined
§38-16-108. State or Local Official or Employee Defined
§38-16-201. Bonafide Liens Are Not Affected by This Article
§38-16-202. Real Property Common Law Liens Unenforceable; Personal Property Common Law Liens Limited
§38-16-301. Filing or Recording a Claim of Nonconsensual Commonlaw Lien Is of No Force or Effect
§38-16-304. No Duty to Disclose Record of Common Law Lien
§38-16-305. Immunity From Liability for Failure to Accept Filing or Disclose Common Law Lien
§38-16-306. No Duty to Disclose Fraudulent Lien Record; Lien of Purported Court Is a Nullity
§38-16-401. Notice by Clerk of Fraudulent Lien
§38-16-402. Action on Fraudulent Judgment Lien
§38-16-403. Action on Fraudulent Lien on Property
§38-16-404. Costs and Attorneys' Fees