A. Local school boards shall establish student discipline policies and shall file them with the department. The local school board shall involve parents, school personnel and students in the development of these policies, and public hearings shall be held during the formulation of these policies in the high school attendance areas within each school district or on a district-wide basis for those school districts that have no high school. No local school board shall allow for the imposition of discipline, discrimination or disparate treatment against a student based on the student's race, religion or culture or because of the student's use of protective hairstyles or cultural or religious headdresses.
B. Each school district discipline policy shall establish rules of conduct governing areas of student and school activity, detail specific prohibited acts and activities and enumerate possible disciplinary sanctions, which sanctions may include in-school suspension, school service, suspension or expulsion. Corporal punishment shall be prohibited by each local school board and each governing body of a charter school.
C. An individual school within a school district may establish a school discipline policy, provided that parents, school personnel and students are involved in its development and a public hearing is held in the school prior to its adoption. If an individual school adopts a discipline policy in addition to the local school board's school district discipline policy, it shall submit its policy to the local school board for approval.
D. All school discipline policies shall define and include a specific prohibition against racialized aggression involving a student or school personnel. Every school district and every charter school shall provide links to the statewide hotline to report racially charged incidents or racialized aggression.
E. No school employee who in good faith reports any known or suspected violation of the school discipline policy or in good faith attempts to enforce the policy shall be held liable for any civil damages as a result of such report or of the employee's efforts to enforce any part of the policy.
F. All public school and school district discipline policies shall allow students to carry and self-administer asthma medication and emergency anaphylaxis medication that has been legally prescribed to the student by a licensed health care provider under the following conditions:
(1) the health care provider has instructed the student in the correct and responsible use of the medication;
(2) the student has demonstrated to the health care provider and the school nurse or other school official the skill level necessary to use the medication and any device that is necessary to administer the medication as prescribed;
(3) the health care provider formulates a written treatment plan for managing asthma or anaphylaxis episodes of the student and for medication use by the student during school hours or school-sponsored activities, including transit to or from school or school-sponsored activities; and
(4) the student's parent has completed and submitted to the school any written documentation required by the school or the school district, including the treatment plan required in Paragraph (3) of this subsection and other documents related to liability.
G. The parent of a student who is allowed to carry and self-administer asthma medication and emergency anaphylaxis medication may provide the school with backup medication that shall be kept in a location to which the student has immediate access in the event of an asthma or anaphylaxis emergency.
H. Authorized school personnel who in good faith provide a person with backup medication as provided in this section shall not be held liable for civil damages as a result of providing the medication.
I. As used in this section:
(1) "cultural or religious headdresses" includes hijabs, head wraps or other headdresses used as part of an individual's personal cultural or religious beliefs;
(2) "protective hairstyles" includes such hairstyles as braids, locs, twists, tight coils or curls, cornrows, bantu knots, afros, weaves, wigs or head wraps; and
(3) "race" includes traits historically associated with race, including hair texture, length of hair, protective hairstyles or cultural or religious headdresses.
History: 1978 Comp., § 22-5-4.3, enacted by Laws 1986, ch. 33, § 9; 1993, ch. 226, § 13; 2005, ch. 60, § 1; 2011, ch. 97, § 1; 2021, ch. 19, § 1; 2021, ch. 37, § 1; 2021, ch. 51, § 8.
2021 Multiple Amendments. — Laws 2021, ch. 19, § 1 and Laws 2021, ch. 37, § 1, both effective July 1, 2021, and Laws 2021, ch. 51, § 8, effective June 18, 2021, enacted different amendments to this section that can be reconciled. Pursuant to 12-1-8 NMSA 1978, Laws 2021, ch. 51, § 8 as the last act signed by the governor is set out above and incorporates all amendments. The amendments enacted by Laws 2021, ch. 19, § 1, Laws 2021, ch. 37, § 1, and Laws 2021, ch. 51, § 8 are described below. To view the session laws in their entirety, see the 2021 session laws on NMOneSource.com.
The nature of the difference between the amendments is that Laws 2021, ch. 19, § 1 and Laws 2021, ch. 37, § 1, which enacted identical amendments, prohibited the imposition of discipline, discrimination or disparate treatment against a student based on the student's race, religion or culture or because of the student's use of protective hairstyles or cultural or religious headdresses, and defined "cultural or religious headdresses", "protective hairstyles", and "race" as used in this section, and Laws 2021, ch. 51, § 8, required school discipline policies to define and include a specific prohibition against racialized aggression involving a student or school personnel, and required every school district and every charter school to provide links to the statewide hotline to report incidents of racial aggression.
Laws 2021, ch. 19, § 1 and Laws 2021, ch. 37, § 1, effective July 1, 2021, prohibited the imposition of discipline, discrimination or disparate treatment against a student based on the student's race, religion or culture or because of the student's use of protective hairstyles or cultural or religious headdresses, and defined "cultural or religious headdresses", "protective hairstyles", and "race" as used in this section; in Subsection A, added the last sentence; and added Subsection H (now Subsection I).
Laws 2021, ch. 51, § 8, effective June 18, 2021, required school discipline policies to define and include a specific prohibition against racialized aggression involving a student or school personnel, and required every school district and every charter school to provide links to the statewide hotline to report incidents of racial aggression; in the section heading, added "racial sensitivity and anti-racism training; hotline for reporting racially charged incidents and racialized aggression involving students or school personnel"; and added a new Subsection D and redesignated the succeeding subsections accordingly.
The 2011 amendment, effective June 17, 2011, prohibited corporal punishment as a disciplinary sanction.
The 2005 amendment, effective June 17, 2005, permits students to carry and self-administer asthma medication and emergency anaphylaxis medication prescribed by a license health care provider.
The 1993 amendment, effective July 1, 1993, deleted former Subsection E, pertaining to the effective date of policies adopted pursuant to this section and the time for review of existing school discipline policies, and made a minor stylistic change in Subsection A.
Dress code. — Wearing of sagging pants is not constitutionally protected speech under the First Amendment. Bivens by & Through Green v. Albuquerque Pub. Sch., 899 F. Supp. 556 (D.N.M. 1995).
Corporal punishment. — In school discipline cases, the substantive due process inquiry is whether the force applied caused injury so severe, was so disproportionate to the need presented, and was so inspired by malice or sadism rather than a merely careless or unwise excess of zeal that it amounted to a brutal and inhumane abuse of official power literally shocking to the conscience. Garcia by Garcia v. Miera, 817 F.2d 650 (10th Cir. 1987), cert. denied, 485 U.S. 959, 108 S.Ct. 1220, 99 L.Ed.2d 421 (1988).
Structure New Mexico Statutes
Article 5 - Local School Boards
Section 22-5-1 - Local school boards; members.
Section 22-5-1.1 - Local school board members; elected from districts.
Section 22-5-3 - School board membership; optional form.
Section 22-5-3.1 - Local school boards; reversion to five members.
Section 22-5-4 - Local school boards; powers; duties.
Section 22-5-4.2 - Child abuse; report coordination; confirmation.
Section 22-5-4.4 - School employees; reporting drug and alcohol use; release from liability.
Section 22-5-4.5 - Pledge of allegiance.
Section 22-5-4.6 - Recompiled.
Section 22-5-4.7 - Additional student discipline policies; weapon-free schools.
Section 22-5-4.8 - Area vocational high schools.
Section 22-5-4.9 - High school diplomas; World War II veterans.
Section 22-5-4.10 - High school diplomas; Korean conflict veterans.
Section 22-5-4.11 - Psychotropic medication; prohibition on compulsion.
Section 22-5-4.12 - Use of restraint and seclusion; techniques; requirements.
Section 22-5-4.14 - High school diplomas; Vietnam conflict veterans.
Section 22-5-5 - Compensation; prohibited employment.
Section 22-5-6 - Nepotism prohibited.
Section 22-5-7 - Officers; surety bonds.
Section 22-5-8 - Term of office.
Section 22-5-9 - Local school board vacancies.
Section 22-5-9.1 - Oath of office.
Section 22-5-10 - Publications; advertisements.
Section 22-5-11 - School district salary system.
Section 22-5-12 - Local school boards; vacant or vacated offices.
Section 22-5-13 - Local school board training.
Section 22-5-14 - Local superintendent; powers and duties.
Section 22-5-15 - Collaborative school improvement programs.
Section 22-5-16 - Advisory school councils; creation; duties.
Section 22-5-17 - Private use of school facilities; policy; insurance.
Section 22-5-18 - Local school board authority over who may carry a firearm on school premises.