28-2-316. EXCLUSION OR MODIFICATION OF WARRANTIES. (1) Words or conduct relevant to the creation of an express warranty and words or conduct tending to negate or limit warranty shall be construed wherever reasonable as consistent with each other; but subject to the provisions of this chapter on parol or extrinsic evidence (section 28-2-202) negation or limitation is inoperative to the extent that such construction is unreasonable.
(2) Subject to subsection (3), to exclude or modify the implied warranty of merchantability or any part of it the language must mention merchantability and in case of a writing must be conspicuous, and to exclude or modify any implied warranty of fitness the exclusion must be by a writing and conspicuous. Language to exclude all implied warranties of fitness is sufficient if it states, for example, that "There are no warranties which extend beyond the description on the face hereof."
(3) Notwithstanding subsection (2)
(a) unless the circumstances indicate otherwise, all implied warranties are excluded by expressions like "as is," "with all faults" or other language which in common understanding calls the buyer’s attention to the exclusion of warranties and makes plain that there is no implied warranty; and
(b) when the buyer before entering into the contract has examined the goods or the sample or model as fully as he desired or has refused to examine the goods there is no implied warranty with regard to defects which an examination ought in the circumstances to have revealed to him; and
(c) an implied warranty can also be excluded or modified by course of dealing or course of performance or usage of trade.
(4) Remedies for breach of warranty can be limited in accordance with the provisions of this chapter on liquidation or limitation of damages and on contractual modification of remedy (sections 28-2-718 and 28-2-719).
History:
[28-2-316, added 1967, ch. 161, sec. 2-316, p. 351.]
Structure Idaho Code
Title 28 - COMMERCIAL TRANSACTIONS
Chapter 2 - UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE — SALES
Part 3 - GENERAL OBLIGATION AND CONSTRUCTION OF CONTRACT
Section 28-2-301 - GENERAL OBLIGATIONS OF PARTIES.
Section 28-2-302 - UNCONSCIONABLE CONTRACT OR CLAUSE.
Section 28-2-303 - ALLOCATION OR DIVISION OF RISKS.
Section 28-2-304 - PRICE PAYABLE IN MONEY, GOODS, REALTY, OR OTHERWISE.
Section 28-2-305 - OPEN PRICE TERM.
Section 28-2-306 - OUTPUT, REQUIREMENTS AND EXCLUSIVE DEALINGS.
Section 28-2-307 - DELIVERY IN SINGLE LOT OR SEVERAL LOTS.
Section 28-2-308 - ABSENCE OF SPECIFIED PLACE FOR DELIVERY.
Section 28-2-309 - ABSENCE OF SPECIFIC TIME PROVISIONS — NOTICE OF TERMINATION.
Section 28-2-310 - OPEN TIME FOR PAYMENT OR RUNNING OF CREDIT — AUTHORITY TO SHIP UNDER RESERVATION.
Section 28-2-311 - OPTIONS AND COOPERATION RESPECTING PERFORMANCE.
Section 28-2-313 - EXPRESS WARRANTIES BY AFFIRMATION, PROMISE, DESCRIPTION, SAMPLE.
Section 28-2-314 - IMPLIED WARRANTY — MERCHANTABILITY — USAGE OF TRADE.
Section 28-2-315 - IMPLIED WARRANTY — FITNESS FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
Section 28-2-316 - EXCLUSION OR MODIFICATION OF WARRANTIES.
Section 28-2-317 - CUMULATION AND CONFLICT OF WARRANTIES EXPRESS OR IMPLIED.
Section 28-2-318 - THIRD PARTY BENEFICIARIES OF WARRANTIES EXPRESS OR IMPLIED.
Section 28-2-319 - F.O.B. AND F.A.S. TERMS.
Section 28-2-320 - C.I.F. AND C. & F. TERMS.
Section 28-2-322 - DELIVERY “EX-SHIP.”
Section 28-2-323 - FORM OF BILL OF LADING REQUIRED IN OVERSEAS SHIPMENT — “OVERSEAS.”
Section 28-2-324 - “NO ARRIVAL, NO SALE” TERM.
Section 28-2-325 - “LETTER OF CREDIT” TERM — “CONFIRMED CREDIT.”
Section 28-2-326 - SALE ON APPROVAL AND SALE OR RETURN — RIGHTS OF CREDITORS.
Section 28-2-327 - SPECIAL INCIDENTS OF SALE ON APPROVAL AND SALE OR RETURN.
Section 28-2-328 - SALE BY AUCTION.
Section 28-2-329 - VOLUNTARY AND UNSOLICITED SENDING OF GOODS.