Connecticut General Statutes
Chapter 104 - Municipal Police and Fire Protection
Section 7-308. - Liability of volunteer firefighter, volunteer ambulance member or volunteer fire police officer.

(a) As used in this section, “municipality” has the same meaning as provided in section 7-314; “fire duties” has the same meaning as provided in section 7-314; “ambulance service” means “ambulance service” as defined in section 7-314b; “volunteer ambulance member” means “active member of an organization certified as a volunteer ambulance service in accordance with section 19a-180” as defined in section 7-314b; and “fire police officer” means any active member of a volunteer fire police organization operating under a municipal fire department that provides support services to such department in accordance with section 7-313a.

(b) Each municipality of this state, notwithstanding any inconsistent provision of law, general, special or local, or any limitation contained in the provisions of any charter, shall protect and save harmless any volunteer firefighter, volunteer ambulance member or volunteer fire police officer of such municipality from financial loss and expense, including legal fees and costs, if any, arising out of (1) any claim, demand, suit or judgment by reason of alleged negligence on the part of such volunteer firefighter, volunteer ambulance member or volunteer fire police officer while performing fire, volunteer ambulance or fire police duties, and (2) any claim, demand or suit instituted against such volunteer firefighter, volunteer ambulance member or volunteer fire police officer by reason of alleged malicious, wanton or wilful act on the part of such volunteer firefighter, volunteer ambulance member or volunteer fire police officer while performing fire, volunteer ambulance or fire police duties. In the event that a court of law enters a judgment against such volunteer firefighter, volunteer ambulance member or volunteer fire police officer for a malicious, wanton or wilful act, such volunteer firefighter, volunteer ambulance member or volunteer fire police officer shall reimburse such municipality for any expenses that the municipality incurred in providing such defense, and such municipality shall be exempt from any liability to such volunteer firefighter, volunteer ambulance member or volunteer fire police officer for any financial loss resulting from such act. This section shall not apply to damages to a person caused by an employee to a fellow employee while both employees are engaged in the scope of their employment for such municipality if the employee suffering such damages or, in the case of his or her death, his or her dependent, has a right to benefits or compensation under chapter 568 by reason of such damages. If a firefighter or, in the case of his or her death, his or her dependent, has a right to benefits or compensation under chapter 568 by reason of injury or death caused by the negligence or wrong of a fellow employee while both employees are engaged in the scope of their employment for such municipality, such firefighter or, in the case of his or her death, his or her dependent, shall have no cause of action against such fellow employee to recover damages for such injury or death unless such wrong was wilful and malicious. Such municipality may arrange for and maintain appropriate insurance or may elect to act as a self-insurer to maintain such protection. No action or proceeding instituted pursuant to the provisions of this section shall be prosecuted or maintained against the municipality or firefighter, volunteer ambulance member or volunteer fire police officer unless at least thirty days have elapsed since the demand, claim or claims upon which such action or special proceeding is founded were presented to the clerk or corresponding officer of such municipality. No action for personal injuries or damages to real or personal property shall be maintained against such municipality and firefighter, volunteer ambulance member or volunteer fire police officer unless such action is commenced within one year after the cause of action therefor arose and notice of the intention to commence such action and of the time when and the place where the damages were incurred or sustained has been filed with the clerk or corresponding officer of such municipality and with the firefighter, volunteer ambulance member or volunteer fire police officer not later than six months after such cause of action has accrued. No action for trespass shall lie against any firefighter crossing or working upon lands of another to extinguish fire or for investigation of such fire. No action for trespass shall lie against any volunteer ambulance member crossing or working upon lands of another while performing ambulance services. No action for trespass shall lie against any volunteer fire police officer crossing or working upon lands of another while performing fire police services. Governmental immunity shall not be a defense in any action brought under this section. In any such action the municipality and the firefighter, or the municipality and the volunteer ambulance member, or the municipality and the volunteer fire police officer, may be represented by the same attorney.
(1955, S. 266d; 1957, P.A. 401, S. 2; 1959, P.A. 446, S. 1; 1961, P.A. 355; February, 1965, P.A. 596; P.A. 98-108, S. 2; P.A. 03-278, S. 14; P.A. 11-243, S. 1.)
History: 1959 act substituted reference to Sec. 7-314 for reference to Sec. 7-309 and defined “fire duties”; 1961 act added provisions re damages caused employee by fellow employee; 1965 act added provisions re representation of municipality and fireman by same attorney; P.A. 98-108 divided existing section into Subsecs. (a) and (b) and added provisions re volunteer ambulance members (Revisor's note: In Subsec. (a) the phrase “‘fire duties’ mean ...” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “‘fire duties’ means ...” for grammatical correctness); P.A. 03-278 replaced “verdict” with “final judgment” and made technical changes in Subsec. (b), effective July 9, 2003; P.A. 11-243 added definition of “fire police officer” in Subsec. (a), substantially revised Subsec. (b) re liability of volunteer firefighter, volunteer ambulance member or volunteer fire police officer and made technical changes.
Cited. 148 C. 27. Because reference in section to an action by a “fireman” includes an action by that fireman's administratrix, trial court did not err in concluding that statute applied to bar the action; section is capable of a reasonable interpretation; notwithstanding an inaccurate reference in it to a cause of action on the part of a deceased's “dependent”, it is not unconstitutionally void for vagueness; section is not superseded by Sec. 31-293a which permits an action against a fellow employee for injuries arising out of the negligent operation of a motor vehicle; because the purpose of section, which is to prevent double liability on the part of a municipality for the negligence of municipal firemen, bears a rational relationship to a legitimate governmental objective, it does not violate principles of equal protection. 187 C. 53. Cited. 189 C. 550; 196 C. 192; 209 C. 273. Because the prohibition in Subsec. (b) on a cause of action by a municipal firefighter against a fellow employee is rationally related to legitimate governmental interest of reducing municipal liability and fostering provision of effective firefighting services, it does not violate federal or state equal protection clause. 300 C. 395.
Cited. 12 CA 538; judgment reversed, see 209 C. 273.
Cited. 22 CS 240. To establish liability of municipality, plaintiff must allege and prove that conduct of employees was not wilful or wanton and that they were engaged in fire duties as defined in Sec. 7-314; necessity of allegation of presentation to municipality of demand is not satisfied by an allegation that required notice of injury was given municipality. 23 CS 149. Cited. Id., 229. Cause of action against a fireman and a municipality is not limited to a living fireman but extends to his executor or administrator in case he dies; section must be read in conjunction with Sec. 52-599. Id., 321. Identity of unknown fireman can be ascertained for purpose of instituting action by invoking Sec. 52-156 re depositions. 24 CS 452. Cited. 28 CS 507. When suit by firemen against another prohibited. 29 CS 420. Cited. 44 CS 230.

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