(a) There is established within the Department of Agriculture a program to solicit, from owners of agricultural land, offers to sell the development rights to such land and to inform the public of the purposes, goals and provisions of this chapter. The commissioner, with the approval of the State Properties Review Board, shall have the power to acquire or accept as a gift, on behalf of the state, the development rights of any agricultural land, if offered by the owner. Notice of the offer shall be filed in the land records wherein the agricultural land is situated. If ownership of any land for which development rights have been offered is transferred, the offer shall be effective until the subsequent owner revokes the offer in writing. The state conservation and development plan established pursuant to section 16a-24 shall be applied as an advisory document to the acquisition of development rights of any agricultural lands. The factors to be considered by the commissioner in deciding whether or not to acquire such rights shall include, but not be limited to, the following: (1) The probability that the land will be sold for nonagricultural purposes; (2) the current productivity of such land and the likelihood of continued productivity; (3) the suitability of the land as to soil classification and other criteria for agricultural use; (4) the degree to which such acquisition would contribute to the preservation of the agricultural potential of the state; (5) any encumbrances on such land; (6) the cost of acquiring such rights; and (7) the degree to which such acquisition would mitigate damage due to flood hazards. Ownership by a nonprofit organization authorized to hold land for conservation and preservation purposes of land which prior to such ownership qualified for the program established pursuant to this section shall not be deemed to diminish the probability that the land will be sold for nonagricultural purposes. After a preliminary evaluation of such factors by the Commissioner of Agriculture, he shall obtain and review one or more fee appraisals of the property selected in order to determine the value of the development rights of such property. The commissioner shall notify the Department of Transportation, the Department of Economic and Community Development, the Department of Energy and Environmental Protection and the Office of Policy and Management that such property is being appraised. Any appraisal of the value of such land obtained by the owner and performed in a manner approved by the commissioner shall be considered by the commissioner in making such determination. The value of development rights for all purposes of this section shall be the difference between the value of the property for its highest and best use and its value for agricultural purposes as determined by the commissioner. The use or presence of pollutants or chemicals in the soil shall not be deemed to diminish the agricultural value of the land or to prohibit the commissioner from acquiring the development rights to such land. The commissioner may purchase development rights for a lesser amount provided he complies with all factors for acquisition specified in this subsection and in any implementing regulations. In determining the value of the property for its highest and best use, consideration shall be given but not limited to sales of comparable properties in the general area, use of which was unrestricted at the time of sale.
(b) Upon the acquisition by the commissioner of the development rights of agricultural land, the commissioner shall cause to be filed in the appropriate land records and in the office of the Secretary of the State a notice of such acquisition which shall set forth a description of the agricultural land as will be sufficient to give any prospective purchaser of such agricultural land or creditor of the owner thereof notice of such restriction. Upon such filing, the owner of such agricultural land shall not be permitted to exercise development rights with respect to such land, and such development rights shall be considered and deemed dedicated to the state in perpetuity, except as hereinafter provided. If restricted land is to be sold, the owner shall notify, in writing, the commissioner of such impending sale not more than ninety days before transfer of title to the land and shall provide the commissioner with the name and address of the new owner.
(c) The commissioner shall have no power to release such land from its agricultural restriction, except as set forth in this subsection. The commissioner, in consultation with the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection and such advisory groups as the Commissioner of Agriculture may appoint, may approve (1) a petition by the owner of the restricted agricultural land to remove such restriction provided such petition is approved by resolution of the legislative body of the town, or (2) a petition by the legislative body of the town in which such land is situated to remove such restriction provided such petition is approved in writing by said owner. Upon approval of such a petition by the commissioner, the legislative body of the town shall submit to the qualified voters of such town the question of removing the agricultural restriction from such land or a part thereof, at a referendum held at a regular election or a special election warned and called for that purpose. In the event a majority of those voting at such referendum are in favor of such removal, the restriction shall be removed from the agricultural land upon filing of the certified results of such referendum in the land records and the office of the Secretary of the State, and the commissioner shall convey the development rights to such owner provided such owner shall pay the commissioner an amount equal to the value of such rights. Such petition shall set forth the facts and circumstances upon which the commissioner shall consider approval, and said commissioner shall deny such approval unless he determines that the public interest is such that there is an overriding necessity to relinquish control of the development rights. The commissioner shall hold at least one public hearing prior to the initiation of any proceedings hereunder. The expenses, if any, of the hearing and the referendum shall be borne by the petitioner. In the event that the state sells any development rights under the procedure provided in this subsection, it shall receive the value of such rights.
(d) Whenever the commissioner acquires the development rights of any agricultural land and the purchase price of such development rights is ten thousand dollars or more, said commissioner and the owner of such land may enter into a written agreement which provides for the payment of the purchase price in two or three annual installments, but no interest shall be paid on any unpaid balance of such purchase price.
(e) Whenever the commissioner acquires the development rights to any agricultural land, and any municipality in which all or part of the land is situated paid a part of the purchase price from a fund established pursuant to section 7-131q, such municipality and the state may jointly own the development rights. The land may be released from its agricultural restriction in accordance with the provisions of subsection (c) of this section. The commissioner shall adopt regulations in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54 establishing procedures for the joint acquisition of development rights to agricultural land.
(f) The acquisition of the development rights to any agricultural land by the commissioner shall not be deemed to be ownership of such land and the state shall not be liable for pollution or contamination of such land and no person may bring a civil action against the state for damages resulting from pollution or contamination of such agricultural land.
(g) The commissioner may issue a letter of intent requesting the assistance of a nonprofit organization, as defined in Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, or any subsequent corresponding internal revenue code of the United States, as from time to time amended, in acquiring the development rights to certain agricultural land. If such organization acquires such rights it may sell them to the commissioner based on a purchase agreement. Such agreement may include reimbursement for reasonable expenses incurred in the acquisition of the rights as well as payment for the rights. The commissioner may enter into joint ownership agreements to acquire the development rights to any qualified agricultural land with any nonprofit organization, as defined in Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, or any subsequent corresponding internal revenue code of the United States, as from time to time amended, provided the mission of such nonprofit organization is the permanent protection of agricultural land for the purposes of continued agricultural use.
(h) In addition to development rights, the commissioner may acquire or accept as a gift the rights of the owner to construct any residences or any farm structures on agricultural land.
(i) The Commissioner of Agriculture, pursuant to any cooperative agreement with the United States Department of Agriculture for the disbursement of funds under federal law, may require that any property to which rights are acquired under this section with such funds shall be managed in accordance with a conservation plan which utilizes the standards and specifications of the Natural Resources Conservation Service field office technical guide and is approved by such service. Additionally, such conservation plan shall require the establishment of model pollinator habitat, as described in section 22-90b. Any instrument by which the commissioner acquires such rights and for which any such funds are used may provide for a contingent right in the United States of America in the event that the state of Connecticut fails to enforce any of the terms of its rights acquired under this section which failure shall be determined by the United States Secretary of Agriculture. Such contingent right shall entitle the secretary to enforce any rights acquired by the state under this section by any authority provided under law. Such instrument may provide that such rights shall become vested in the United States of America in the event that the state of Connecticut attempts to terminate, transfer or otherwise divest itself of any such rights without the prior consent of the United States Secretary of Agriculture and payment of consideration to the United States and may further provide that title to such rights may be held by the United States of America at any time at the request of the United States Secretary of Agriculture. In connection with such an agreement, the commissioner may hold the United States harmless from any action based on negligence in the procurement or management of any rights acquired under this section and may assure that proper title evidence is secured, that the title is insured to the amount of the federal cost paid for the interest of the United States of America and that, in the event of a failure of title, as determined by a court of competent jurisdiction, and payment of insurance to the state, the state will reimburse the United States for the amount of the federal cost paid.
(j) The commissioner, when acquiring the development rights of any agricultural lands on behalf of the state, may incorporate deed requirements in accordance with the provisions of the federal Farm and Ranch Lands Protection Program, 7 CFR 1491.1, et seq., or under the Agricultural Conservation Easement Program, 7 CFR 1468.1, et seq., or any successive federal farmland protection program.
(P.A. 78-232, S. 3, 11; P.A. 79-208, S. 1, 2; P.A. 80-349, S. 2, 5; P.A. 81-151, S. 1, 3; 81-156, S. 2; P.A. 82-34, S. 1, 2; P.A. 86-16, S. 1, 2; 86-135, S. 1; 86-314, S. 1, 2; P.A. 87-184; P.A. 88-75, S. 2, 3; P.A. 95-250, S. 1; P.A. 96-211, S. 1, 5, 6; P.A. 97-171, S. 1, 2; 97-234, S. 2; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6, S. 146(e), (f); P.A. 04-189, S. 1; P.A. 05-124, S. 4; 05-288, S. 222; P.A. 11-80, S. 1; P.A. 13-104, S. 1; P.A. 16-17, S. 9; P.A. 18-181, S. 10.)
History: P.A. 79-208 inserted new Subdiv. (4) in Subsec. (a) requiring consideration of encumbrances on land in determining whether to obtain development rights, renumbering and restating former Subdiv. (4), required notification of departments of transportation and economic development and of office of policy and management that land is being appraised, substituted appraisal obtained by owner and performed in manner approved by environmental protection department for “independent” appraisal and added Subsec. (d) re payment of purchase price in installments; P.A. 80-349 deleted “pilot”, qualifying nature of program, and required approval of state properties review board for acquisition of development rights in Subsec. (a); P.A. 81-151 amended Subsec. (a) by authorizing the commissioner to accept gifts of development rights and by giving him discretion in the purchase price for such rights; P.A. 81-156 required use of the state plan of conservation and development as an advisory document in development rights requisition; P.A. 82-34 amended Subsec. (a) to require filing of notice of the offer with the town clerk, to specify that transfer of land does not affect offer unless new owner revokes the offer in writing and to make land owned by a nonprofit organization authorized to hold land for conservation and preservation purposes eligible for the program; P.A. 86-16 amended Subsec. (a) by making probability that land will be sold for nonagricultural purposes one of the factors considered in the acquisition of development rights rather than the major factor; P.A. 86-135 added Subsec. (e) authorizing joint ownership by the state and towns; P.A. 86-314 added Subsec. (a)(7) regarding mitigation of damage due to flood hazards and transferred responsibility of obtaining appraisals from the commissioner of environmental protection to the commissioner of agriculture; P.A. 87-184 amended Subsec. (a) to stipulate that the use or presence of chemicals does not diminish the agricultural value of the land and added Subsec. (f) regarding state liability for pollution; P.A. 88-75 amended Subsec. (a) to provide for determination by the commissioner of the value of the property for agricultural purposes rather than as “provided by section 12-63”, amended Subsec. (c) by requiring notification to the commissioner if restricted land is to be sold and added Subsecs. (g) and (h) re cooperation with nonprofit organizations in acquiring development rights and re commissioner's acceptance of owners' rights to build structures on land; P.A. 95-250 and P.A. 96-211 replaced Commissioner and Department of Economic Development with Commissioner and Department of Economic and Community Development; P.A. 97-171 added new Subsec. (i) re provisions in agreements with the federal government in connection with disbursement of certain federal moneys for acquisition of land under this section, effective June 24, 1997; P.A. 97-234 amended Subsec. (c) to make technical and grammatical changes and to specify that any removal of the restriction on development under this section shall require payment to the commissioner of the value of the development rights; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6 replaced Commissioner and Department of Agriculture with Commissioner and Department of Agriculture and Consumer Protection, effective July 1, 2004; P.A. 04-189 repealed Sec. 146 of June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6, thereby reversing the merger of the Departments of Agriculture and Consumer Protection, effective June 1, 2004; P.A. 05-124 made technical changes in Subsecs. (a) and (c), made a technical change and permitted commissioner to enter into joint ownership agreements to acquire development rights to qualified agricultural land with any nonprofit organization, provided mission of such organization is permanent protection of agricultural land for purposes of continued agricultural use in Subsec. (g), and permitted commissioner to incorporate deed requirements in accordance with federal Farm and Ranch Lands Protection Program in new Subsec. (j); P.A. 05-288 made technical changes in Subsec. (b), effective July 13, 2005; pursuant to P.A. 11-80, “Commissioner of Environmental Protection” and “Department of Environmental Protection” were changed editorially by the Revisors to “Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection” and “Department of Energy and Environmental Protection”, respectively, effective July 1, 2011; P.A. 13-104 amended Subsec. (e) to delete provision limiting joint ownership by municipality to land within its boundaries, effective June 6, 2013; P.A. 16-17 amended Subsec. (i) to add provision re conservation plan to require establishment of model pollinator habitat, effective May 6, 2016; P.A. 18-181 amended Subsec. (j) by adding reference to the Agricultural Conservation Easement Program and any successive federal farmland protection program, effective June 14, 2018.
See Sec. 4b-3(f) re approval or disapproval of acquisition of development rights by the State Properties Review Board.
See Sec. 22-26hh re bond authorization.
See Sec. 22-26ii re commissioner's powers to enter on restricted agricultural land.
Structure Connecticut General Statutes
Title 22 - Agriculture. Domestic Animals
Chapter 422a - Agricultural Lands
Section 22-26aa. - State program for the preservation of agricultural land.
Section 22-26bb. - Definitions.
Section 22-26dd. - Maps of land use in state. To include soil types, crops and use classification.
Section 22-26gg. - Regulations.
Section 22-26hh. - Bond authorization.
Section 22-26ii. - Inspection of restricted land.
Section 22-26jj. - Acquisition of fee simple title to agricultural lands. Lease of property.
Section 22-26kk. - List of agricultural land whose development rights have been offered to state.
Section 22-26mm. - Municipal loan program. Account. Regulations.
Section 22-26qq. - Conservation or preservation restrictions on department lands.