Code of Virginia
Title 45.2 - Mines, Minerals, and Energy

§ 45.2-1604. Duties and responsibilities of the Director; Virginia Gas and Oil Inspector - A. The Director has the jurisdiction and authority necessary to...

§ 45.2-1605. Exclusivity of regulation and enforcement - No locality or other political subdivision of the Commonwealth shall...

§ 45.2-1606. Confidentiality - The Director shall hold confidential all logs, surveys, and reports...

§ 45.2-1607. Expenditure of funds - All funds, except civil penalties collected pursuant to § 45.2-1608,...

§ 45.2-1608. Violations; penalties - A. Any person who violates or refuses, fails, or neglects...

§ 45.2-1609. Appeals; venue; standing - A. Any order or decision of the Board may be...

§ 45.2-1610. Copy of lease to lessor - Any person who, as either principal or agent, executes a...

§ 45.2-1611. Objections by coal owner - A. In deciding on objections by a coal owner to...

§ 45.2-1612. Distance limitations of certain wells - A. If the well operator and the objecting coal owners...

§ 45.2-1613. Meetings of the Board; notice; general powers and duties - A. The Board shall schedule a monthly meeting at a...

§ 45.2-1614. Additional duties and responsibilities of the Board - A. In executing its duties under this chapter, the Board...

§ 45.2-1615. Applicability and construction - A. The provisions of this article apply to all lands...

§ 45.2-1616. Statewide spacing of wells - A. Unless prior approval has been received from the Board...

§ 45.2-1617. Voluntary pooling of interests in drilling units; validity of unit agreements - A. If two or more separately owned tracts are embraced...

§ 45.2-1618. Notice of hearing; standing; form of hearing - A. Any person who applies for a hearing in front...

§ 45.2-1619. Field rules and drilling units for wells; hearings and orders - A. In order to prevent the waste of gas or...

§ 45.2-1620. Pooling of interests in drilling units - A. The Board, upon application from any gas or oil...

§ 45.2-1621. Coalbed methane gas; ownership - No conveyance, reservation, or exception of coal shall be deemed...

§ 45.2-1622. Pooling of interests for coalbed methane gas wells; conflicting claims to ownership - A. If there are conflicting claims to the ownership of...

§ 45.2-1623. Conflicting claims of ownership; arbitration - A. The Board shall enter an order requiring that the...

§ 45.2-1624. Release of funds held in escrow or suspense because of conflicting claims to coalbed methane gas - A. For a coalbed methane gas well that was force-pooled...

§ 45.2-1625. Appeals of the Director's decisions; notices; hearings and orders - A. With the exception of an aggrieved permit applicant, no...

§ 45.2-1626. Enforcement - The Director shall enforce the provisions of this article pursuant...

§ 45.2-1627. Standing when Director or Board fails to act - If the Director or Board fails to take enforcement action...

§ 45.2-1628. Recording of orders - The Inspector shall cause a true copy of any order...

§ 45.2-1629. Duties, responsibilities, and authority of the Director - A. The Director shall adopt and enforce regulations and orders...

§ 45.2-1630. Powers, duties, and responsibilities of the Inspector - A. The Inspector shall administer the laws and regulations and...

§ 45.2-1631. Permit required; gas, oil, or geophysical operations; coalbed methane gas wells; environmental assessment - A. No person shall commence any ground-disturbing activity for a...

§ 45.2-1632. Notice of permit applications and permit modification applications required; content - A. Within one day of the day on which the...

§ 45.2-1633. Bonding and financial security required - A. To ensure compliance with all laws and regulations pertaining...

§ 45.2-1634. Gas and Oil Plugging and Restoration Fund - A. There is hereby created in the state treasury a...

§ 45.2-1635. Expiration of permits - Each permit issued pursuant to this chapter shall expire 24...

§ 45.2-1636. Abandonment or cessation of well or corehole operation; plugging required - Upon the abandonment or cessation of the operation of any...

§ 45.2-1637. Objections to permits; hearing - A. Objections to a new permit or permit modification may...

§ 45.2-1638. Appeals of Director's decisions to the Board - A. Any person with standing under the provisions of §...

§ 45.2-1639. Persons required to register; designated agents - A. Any person who owns a well, drills a well,...

§ 45.2-1640. Report of permitted activities and production required; contents - A. Each holder of a permit for a gas or...

§ 45.2-1641. Developing a gas or oil well as a water well - If any well drilled for gas or oil does not...

§ 45.2-1642. Orphaned Well Fund; orphaned wells - A. There is hereby created in the state treasury a...

§ 45.2-1643. Interference by injection wells with groundwater supply - A. For purposes of this section: "Beneficial use" means the...

§ 45.2-1644. Safety in coalbed methane gas, oil, and geophysical operations - The Director shall inspect permitted coalbed methane well and related...

§ 45.2-1645. Chesapeake Bay; drilling for gas or oil prohibited - Notwithstanding any other law, no person shall drill for gas...

§ 45.2-1646. Tidewater Virginia; drilling for gas or oil prohibited in certain areas - A. In Tidewater Virginia, as defined in § 62.1-44.15:68, no...

§ 45.2-1647. Hydraulic fracturing; groundwater management area - No person shall conduct any hydraulic fracturing in any well...

§ 45.2-1648. Operator's right to sample water - An operator may enter upon surface land at reasonable times...

§ 45.2-1649. Replacement of water supply - If any water supply of a surface owner who obtains...

Chapter 17 - Other Sources of Energy Generally; Energy Policy

§ 45.2-1700. Definitions - As used in this chapter, unless the context requires a...

§ 45.2-1701. Division of Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency established; powers and duties - A. The Division of Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency is...

§ 45.2-1701.1. Public disclosure of certain electric generating facility closures - A. The provisions of this section shall apply to any...

§ 45.2-1702. Definitions - As used in this article: "Contracting entity" means any public...

§ 45.2-1703. Energy performance-based contract procedures; required contract provisions - A. Any contracting entity may enter into an energy performance-based...

§ 45.2-1704. Application of article - The provisions of this article shall not apply to any...

§ 45.2-1705. Legislative findings - The General Assembly hereby finds that: 1. Energy is essential...

§ 45.2-1706. Repealed - Repealed by Acts 2021, Sp. Sess. I, c. 327, cl....

§ 45.2-1706.1. Commonwealth Clean Energy Policy - A. The Commonwealth recognizes that effectively addressing climate change and...

§ 45.2-1707. Repealed - Repealed by Acts 2021, Sp. Sess. I, c. 327, cl....

§ 45.2-1708. Role of local governments in achieving objectives of the Commonwealth Clean Energy Policy - A. In the development of any local ordinance addressing the...

§ 45.2-1709. Nuclear energy; considered a clean energy source - For the purposes of the Commonwealth Clean Energy Policy as...

§ 45.2-1710. Development of the Virginia Energy Plan - A. The Division, in consultation with the State Corporation Commission,...

§ 45.2-1711. Schedule for the Plan - A. The Division shall complete the Plan. B. Prior to...

§ 45.2-1712. Annual reporting by investor-owned public utilities - Each investor-owned public utility providing electric service in the Commonwealth...

§ 45.2-1713. Submission of the Plan - Upon completion, the Division shall submit the Plan, including periodic...

§ 45.2-1714. Virginia Coastal Energy Research Consortium established; board of directors - A. The Virginia Coastal Energy Research Consortium is hereby established...

§ 45.2-1715. Functions, powers, and duties of the Consortium - The Consortium shall serve as an interdisciplinary study, research, and...

§ 45.2-1716. Appointment of a director; powers and duties - A. The Board shall appoint an executive director to serve...

§ 45.2-1717. (Effective October 1, 2021, until July 1, 2029) Definitions - As used in this article, unless the context requires a...

§ 45.2-1718. (Effective October 1, 2021, until July 1, 2029) Southwest Virginia Energy Research and Development Authority established; purpose - The Southwest Virginia Energy Research and Development Authority is established...

§ 45.2-1719. (Effective October 1, 2021, until July 1, 2029) Membership; terms; vacancies; expenses - A. The Authority shall have a total membership of 11...

§ 45.2-1720. (Effective October 1, 2021, until July 1, 2029) Powers and duties of the Authority - In addition to the other powers and duties established under...

§ 45.2-1721. (Effective October 1, 2021, until July 1, 2029) Annual report - On or before October 15 of each year, beginning in...

§ 45.2-1722. (Effective October 1, 2021, until July 1, 2029) Confidentiality of information - A. The Authority shall hold in confidence the personal and...

§ 45.2-1723. (Effective October 1, 2021, until July 1, 2029) Declaration of public purpose; exemption from taxation - A. The exercise of the powers granted by this article...

§ 45.2-1724. (Effective October 1, 2021, until July 1, 2029) Sunset - The provisions of this article shall expire on July 1,...

§ 45.2-1725. Virginia Brownfield and Coal Mine Renewable Energy Grant Fund and Program - A. For the purposes of this section: "Brownfield" means real...

§ 45.2-1726. (Effective October 1, 2021, until January 1, 2027) Definitions - As used in this article, unless the context requires a...

§ 45.2-1727. (Effective October 1, 2021, until January 1, 2027) Electric Vehicle Rebate Program - There is hereby established an Electric Vehicle Rebate Program for...

§ 45.2-1728. (Effective October 1, 2021, until January 1, 2027) Eligibility for rebate; amount of rebate - A. Beginning January 1, 2022, a resident of the Commonwealth...

§ 45.2-1729. (Effective October 1, 2021, until January 1, 2027) Program website - The Department shall establish a website for the administration of...

§ 45.2-1730. (Effective October 1, 2021, until January 1, 2027) Electric Vehicle Rebate Program Advisory Council - A. The Electric Vehicle Rebate Program Advisory Council is established...

§ 45.2-1731. (Effective October 1, 2021, until January 1, 2027) Electric Vehicle Rebate Program Fund - A. There is hereby created in the state treasury a...

§ 45.2-1732. (Effective October 1, 2021, until January 1, 2027) Report - The Director of the Department shall report annually on or...

§ 45.2-1733. (Effective October 1, 2021, until January 1, 2027) Sunset - The provisions of this article shall expire on January 1,...

Chapter 18 - Wind Energy

§ 45.2-1800. Definitions - As used in this chapter, unless the context requires a...

§ 45.2-1801. Offshore wind energy resources; policy - It is the policy of the Commonwealth to support federal...

§ 45.2-1802. Division of Offshore Wind established - A. The Director shall establish the Division of Offshore Wind...

§ 45.2-1803. Definitions - As used in this article, unless the context requires a...

§ 45.2-1804. Virginia Offshore Wind Development Authority established; purpose - A. The Virginia Offshore Wind Development Authority is established as...

§ 45.2-1805. Membership; terms; vacancies; expenses - A. The Authority shall be composed of nine nonlegislative citizen...

§ 45.2-1806. Powers and duties of the Authority - In addition to the other powers and duties established under...

§ 45.2-1807. Director; staff; counsel to the Authority - A. The Director shall serve as Director of the Authority...

§ 45.2-1808. Annual report - On or before October 15 of each year, the Authority...

§ 45.2-1809. Confidentiality of information - A. The Authority shall hold in confidence the personal and...

§ 45.2-1810. Declaration of public purpose; exemption from taxation - A. The exercise of the powers granted by this article...

§ 45.2-1811. Operation - The Authority shall, through moneys derived from sources other than...

§ 45.2-1812. Public-private partnerships - A. The Authority may establish public-private partnerships with developers pursuant...

§ 45.2-1813. Federal loan guarantees - A. The Authority, on behalf of the Commonwealth, may apply...

Chapter 19 - Solar Energy

§ 45.2-1900. Virginia Solar Energy Center; purposes - A. The Virginia Solar Energy Center (the Center) is established...

§ 45.2-1901. (Effective October 1, 2021; Expires July 1, 2025) Definitions - As used in this article, unless the context requires a...

§ 45.2-1902. (Effective October 1, 2021; Expires July 1, 2025) Virginia Solar Energy Development and Energy Storage Authority established; purpose - The Virginia Solar Energy Development Authority is continued as the...

§ 45.2-1903. (Effective October 1, 2021; Expires July 1, 2025) Membership; terms; vacancies; expenses - A. The Authority shall have a total membership of 15...

§ 45.2-1904. (Effective October 1, 2021; Expires July 1, 2025) Partnerships - A. The Authority may establish public-private partnerships with entities pursuant...

§ 45.2-1905. (Effective October 1, 2021; Expires July 1, 2025) Federal loan guarantees - A. The Authority, on behalf of the Commonwealth, may apply...

§ 45.2-1906. (Effective October 1, 2021; Expires July 1, 2025) Powers and duties of the Authority - In addition to other powers and duties established under this...

§ 45.2-1907. (Effective October 1, 2021; Expires July 1, 2025) Director; staff; counsel to the Authority - A. The Director shall serve as Director of the Authority...

§ 45.2-1908. (Effective October 1, 2021; Expires July 1, 2025) Annual report - On or before October 15 of each year, the Authority...

§ 45.2-1909. (Effective October 1, 2021; Expires July 1, 2025) Confidentiality of information - A. The Authority shall hold in confidence the personal and...

§ 45.2-1910. (Effective October 1, 2021; Expires July 1, 2025) Declaration of public purpose; exemption from taxation - A. The exercise of the powers granted by this article...

§ 45.2-1911. (Effective October 1, 2021; Expires July 1, 2025) Sunset - The provisions of this article shall expire on July 1,...

§ 45.2-1912. Definitions - As used in this article, unless the context requires a...

§ 45.2-1913. Clean Energy Advisory Board; purpose - The Clean Energy Advisory Board is established as an advisory...

§ 45.2-1914. Membership; terms; quorum; meetings - A. The Board shall have a total membership of 17...

§ 45.2-1915. Powers and duties of the Board; report - The Board has the powers and duties to: 1. Advise...

§ 45.2-1916. Low-to-Moderate Income Solar Loan and Rebate Fund - There is hereby established in the state treasury a special...

§ 45.2-1917. Low-to-Moderate Income Solar Loan and Rebate Pilot Program - A. The Board, with the approval of the Director, shall...

Chapter 20 - Geothermal Energy

§ 45.2-2000. Definitions - As used in this chapter, unless the context requires a...

§ 45.2-2001. Application - The provisions of this chapter regarding (i) permitting, well regulations,...

§ 45.2-2002. Ownership - Ownership rights to a geothermal resource are in the owner...

§ 45.2-2003. Findings; clarification of nature of the resource - Geothermal resources are found and hereby declared to be sui...

§ 45.2-2004. Powers and duties of the Department - A. The Department has jurisdiction and authority over all persons...

§ 45.2-2005. Reinjection policy - The Department, the Board, and the State Department of Health...

§ 45.2-2006. Cancellation or suspension of permit - If the Department determines, after a public hearing held in...

§ 45.2-2007. Penalties; injunctions - A. Any person who violates any provision of this chapter...

§ 45.2-2008. Judicial review - Any person aggrieved by a final decision of the Department...

Chapter 21 - Nuclear Energy

§ 45.2-2100. Definitions - As used in this chapter, unless the context requires a...

§ 45.2-2101. Nuclear energy; strategic plan - A. The Department and the Secretaries of Commerce and Trade...

§ 45.2-2102. Virginia Nuclear Energy Consortium Authority established - There is hereby established a political subdivision of the Commonwealth...

§ 45.2-2103. Purposes; powers of Authority - A. The Authority is established for the purposes of making...

§ 45.2-2104. Board of the Authority - A. The Authority shall be governed by a board of...

§ 45.2-2105. Establishment of the Consortium - A. The Board shall provide for the formation, by January...

§ 45.2-2106. Moneys of Authority - All moneys of the Authority, from whatever source derived, shall...

§ 45.2-2107. Audits; external reviews - A. The Auditor of Public Accounts, or his legally authorized...

§ 45.2-2108. Definitions - As used in this article, unless the context requires a...

§ 45.2-2109. Regulations - The Director shall, in accordance with the Administrative Process Act...

§ 45.2-2110. Permit for exploration activity required; fee - A. It is unlawful for any person to commence any...

§ 45.2-2111. Maps or plats of proposed exploration activity area - Before undertaking any exploration activity on any tract of land,...

§ 45.2-2112. Abandoning exploration hole; affidavits required - Within 45 days after the abandonment of any exploration hole,...

§ 45.2-2113. Plugging - The plugging of an exploration hole shall be as follows:...

§ 45.2-2114. Developing an exploration hole as a water well - If any exploration hole drilled for the purpose of determining...

§ 45.2-2115. Right of inspection by Director - For the purposes of carrying out the provisions of this...

§ 45.2-2116. Uranium mining permit applications; uranium mining deemed to have significant effect on surface - Notwithstanding any other provision of law, no application for a...

§ 45.2-2117. State and local authority - Nothing in this article shall be construed to alter the...

§ 45.2-2118. Confidentiality of logs, surveys, and reports - A. The Director shall hold confidential all logs, surveys, plats,...

§ 45.2-2119. Civil penalty - A. Any person who violates any provision of this article,...

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Code of Virginia Title 45.2 - Mines, Minerals, and Energy

Code of Virginia
Title 45.2 - Mines, Minerals, and Energy