A. Except to the extent that the articles of organization or an operating agreement provides in writing for management of a limited liability company by a manager or managers, management of a limited liability company shall be vested in its members.
B. Unless otherwise provided in this chapter, in the articles of organization, or in an operating agreement, the members of a limited liability company shall vote in proportion to their contributions to the limited liability company, as adjusted from time to time, and a majority vote of the members of a limited liability company shall consist of the vote or other approval of members having a majority share of the voting power of all members.
C. Unless otherwise provided in this chapter, in the articles of organization, or in an operating agreement, any action required or permitted to be taken by the members of a limited liability company may be taken upon a majority vote of the members.
D. Unless otherwise provided in the articles of organization or an operating agreement, the members of a limited liability company have the power and authority to delegate to one or more other persons the members' rights and powers to manage and control the business and affairs of the limited liability company, including to delegate to agents, officers and employees of a member or manager of the limited liability company, and to delegate by a management agreement or other agreement with, or otherwise to, other persons. Such persons may be denominated as officers of the limited liability company without being deemed to have the status of a manager, unless designated as a manager in the articles of organization or an operating agreement.
E. Unless otherwise provided in the articles of organization or an operating agreement, the members of a limited liability company may take action permitted or required to be taken by the members without a meeting, without prior notice and without a vote if a consent or consents in writing, setting forth the action so taken, shall be signed by members having not less than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take such action at a meeting. A consent transmitted by a member by electronic transmission shall be deemed to be signed for the purposes of this section. Unless otherwise provided in the articles of organization or an operating agreement, on any matter that is to be voted on by members, the members may vote in person or by proxy.
F. The articles of organization or an operating agreement may provide for classes or groups of members having such relative rights, powers, and duties as the articles of organization or an operating agreement may provide, and may make provision for the future creation in the manner provided in the articles of organization or an operating agreement of additional classes or groups of members having such relative rights, powers, and duties as may from time to time be established, including rights, powers, and duties senior to existing classes and groups of members.
G. The articles of organization, an operating agreement, or a plan of merger may provide that dissenters' rights with respect to a membership interest shall be available for any class or group of members in connection with any amendment of an operating agreement, any merger in which the limited liability company is a party, any conversion of the limited liability company to another business form, any transfer to or domestication in any other jurisdiction by the limited liability company, or the sale of all or substantially all of the limited liability company's assets.
1991, c. 168; 1992, c. 574; 1995, c. 168; 1998, c. 432; 2002, c. 288; 2004, c. 601; 2005, c. 255.
Structure Code of Virginia
Chapter 12 - Virginia Limited Liability Company Act
§ 13.1-1001. Reservation of power to amend or repeal
§ 13.1-1003. Filing requirements
§ 13.1-1003.1. Filings with the Commission pursuant to reorganization
§ 13.1-1004. Issuance of certificate by Commission; recordation of documents
§ 13.1-1006. Penalty for signing false documents
§ 13.1-1011. Articles of organization
§ 13.1-1011.1. Articles of correction
§ 13.1-1014. Amendment of articles of organization
§ 13.1-1014.1. Restatement of articles of organization
§ 13.1-1015. Registered office and registered agent
§ 13.1-1016. Change of registered office or registered agent
§ 13.1-1017. Resignation of registered agent
§ 13.1-1018. Service on limited liability company
§ 13.1-1018.1. Change of principal office
§ 13.1-1019. Liability to third parties
§ 13.1-1020. Parties to actions
§ 13.1-1021. Limited liability company property
§ 13.1-1021.1. Agency of members and managers
§ 13.1-1022. Management of limited liability company
§ 13.1-1023. Operating agreement
§ 13.1-1023.1. Remedies for breach of operating agreement by member or manager
§ 13.1-1024. Management of a limited liability company by a manager or managers
§ 13.1-1024.1. General standards of conduct for a manager
§ 13.1-1025. Limitation of liability of members and managers; exception
§ 13.1-1026. Business transactions of members or managers with the limited liability company
§ 13.1-1028. Information and records
§ 13.1-1029. Sharing of profits and losses
§ 13.1-1030. Sharing of distributions
§ 13.1-1031. Interim distributions
§ 13.1-1032. Resignation of member
§ 13.1-1034. Distribution in kind
§ 13.1-1035. Restrictions on making distribution
§ 13.1-1036. Liability upon wrongful distribution
§ 13.1-1037. Right to distribution
§ 13.1-1038. Nature of interest in limited liability company
§ 13.1-1038.1. Admission of members
§ 13.1-1039. Assignment of interest
§ 13.1-1040. Right of assignee to become member
§ 13.1-1040.1. Events causing member's dissociation
§ 13.1-1040.2. Effect of a member's dissociation
§ 13.1-1041.1. Member's transferable interest subject to charging order
§ 13.1-1042. Right of action; standing; condition precedent; stay of proceeding
§ 13.1-1046. Dissolution; generally
§ 13.1-1047. Judicial dissolution
§ 13.1-1047.1. Waiver of cancellation
§ 13.1-1049. Distribution of assets upon dissolution
§ 13.1-1049.1. Known claims against dissolved limited liability company
§ 13.1-1049.2. Other claims against dissolved limited liability company
§ 13.1-1049.3. Court proceedings
§ 13.1-1050. Articles of cancellation
§ 13.1-1050.2. Automatic cancellation of limited liability company existence
§ 13.1-1050.3. Involuntary cancellation of limited liability company existence
§ 13.1-1050.4. Reinstatement of a limited liability company that has ceased to exist
§ 13.1-1050.5. Survival of remedy after cancellation of existence
§ 13.1-1051. Authority to transact business required; governing law
§ 13.1-1052. Application for certificate of registration
§ 13.1-1054. Name of foreign limited liability company
§ 13.1-1055. Amendments; amended applications for registration
§ 13.1-1056. Voluntary cancellation of certificate of registration
§ 13.1-1056.1. Automatic cancellation of certificate of registration
§ 13.1-1056.2. Involuntary cancellation of certificate of registration
§ 13.1-1056.3. Reinstatement of a certificate of registration that has been canceled
§ 13.1-1057. Transaction of business without registration
§ 13.1-1058. Actions by Attorney General
§ 13.1-1059. Transactions not constituting doing business
§ 13.1-1064. Penalty for failure to timely pay annual registration fees
§ 13.1-1066. Collection of unpaid bills for annual registration fees
§ 13.1-1067. Property title records
§ 13.1-1071. Action on a plan of merger
§ 13.1-1072. Articles of merger
§ 13.1-1073.1. Abandonment of merger
§ 13.1-1076. Action on plan of domestication by a domestic limited liability company
§ 13.1-1077. Articles of domestication
§ 13.1-1078. Surrender of articles of organization upon domestication
§ 13.1-1079. Effect of domestication
§ 13.1-1080. Abandonment of domestication
§ 13.1-1082. Entity conversion
§ 13.1-1083. Plan of entity conversion
§ 13.1-1084. Action on plan of entity conversion
§ 13.1-1085. Articles of entity conversion
§ 13.1-1086. Effect of entity conversion
§ 13.1-1087. Abandonment of entity conversion
§ 13.1-1089. Nature of protected series
§ 13.1-1090. Powers and duration of protected series
§ 13.1-1092. Relation of operating agreement, this article, and the other articles of this chapter
§ 13.1-1093. Additional limitations on operating agreement
§ 13.1-1095. Protected series designation; amendment
§ 13.1-1097. Registered office and registered agent
§ 13.1-1098. Service of process, notice, or demand
§ 13.1-1099. Effectiveness of notice
§ 13.1-1099.1. Annual registration fees
§ 13.1-1099.2. Associated assets
§ 13.1-1099.3. Associated members
§ 13.1-1099.4. Protected series membership interests
§ 13.1-1099.7. Limitations on liability
§ 13.1-1099.8. Claim seeking to disregard limitation of liability
§ 13.1-1099.9. Remedies of judgment creditor of associated member or protected series assignee
§ 13.1-1099.10. Enforcement of claim against non-associated asset
§ 13.1-1099.11. Events causing dissolution of protected series
§ 13.1-1099.12. Winding up dissolved protected series; voluntary cancellation
§ 13.1-1099.14. Protected series may not be party to entity transaction
§ 13.1-1099.16. Merger authorized; parties restricted
§ 13.1-1099.17. Plan of merger
§ 13.1-1099.18. Articles of merger
§ 13.1-1099.19. Effect of merger
§ 13.1-1099.20. Application of § 13.1-1099.10 after merger
§ 13.1-1099.25. Uniformity of application and construction
§ 13.1-1099.26. Effect on certain actions
§ 13.1-1099.27. Relation to Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act