The subscribing witness to prove execution of private documents must be produced in all cases except the following, unless otherwise specially provided:
(1) Ancient writings which prove themselves;
(2) If from any cause the witness cannot be produced or sworn;
(3) Official bonds required by law to be approved or tested by a particular functionary;
(4) If the paper is only incidentally or collaterally material to the case;
(5) If the party executing the written instrument testifies to its execution; or
(6) If the document is self-proving or properly acknowledged.
Structure Code of Alabama
Chapter 21 - Evidence and Witnesses.
Article 1 - General Provisions.
Division 3 - Authentication of Documents, Proof of Facts, Etc.
Section 12-21-60 - Proof of Written Instrument's Execution by Maker.
Section 12-21-61 - Subscribing Witnesses - When Must Be Produced.
Section 12-21-62 - Subscribing Witnesses - Proof of Execution When Dead, Etc.
Section 12-21-63 - Accounting for Alteration in Writing Introduced as Genuine.
Section 12-21-64 - Proof of Laws of Foreign Countries.
Section 12-21-65 - Proof of Unwritten or Common Law of Other States and Territories.
Section 12-21-66 - Proof of Land Office Deeds or Written Instruments for Conveyance or Sale of Land.
Section 12-21-67 - Proof of Exemplifications or Copies of Records, etc., Kept in Public Office.
Section 12-21-68 - Proof of Publication of Notice.
Section 12-21-69 - Proof of Posting of Notice.
Section 12-21-72 - Authentication of Paper or Document by Bureau or Department Head.
Section 12-21-73 - Additional or Alternative Mode of Proof of Certain Official Documents.