California Code
PART 2 - PERSONAL RIGHTS
Section 45a.

45a. A libel which is defamatory of the plaintiff without the necessity of explanatory matter, such as an inducement, innuendo or other extrinsic fact, is said to be a libel on its face. Defamatory language not libelous on its face is not actionable unless the plaintiff alleges and proves that he has suffered special damage as a proximate result thereof. Special damage is defined in Section 48a of this code.

(Added by Stats. 1945, Ch. 1489.)

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Structure California Code

California Code

Civil Code - CIV

DIVISION 1 - PERSONS

PART 2 - PERSONAL RIGHTS

Section 43.

Section 43.1.

Section 43.3.

Section 43.4.

Section 43.5.

Section 43.54.

Section 43.55.

Section 43.56.

Section 43.6.

Section 43.7.

Section 43.8.

Section 43.9.

Section 43.91.

Section 43.92.

Section 43.93.

Section 43.95.

Section 43.96.

Section 43.97.

Section 43.98.

Section 43.99.

Section 43.100.

Section 43.101.

Section 43.102.

Section 44.

Section 45.

Section 45a.

Section 46.

Section 47.

Section 47.5.

Section 48.

Section 48a.

Section 48.5.

Section 48.7.

Section 48.8.

Section 48.9.

Section 49.

Section [50.].

Section 51.

Section 51.1.

Section 51.2.

Section 51.3.

Section 51.3.5.

Section 51.4.

Section 51.5.

Section 51.6.

Section 51.7.

Section 51.8.

Section 51.9.

Section 51.10.

Section 51.11.

Section 51.12.

Section 51.13.

Section 51.14.

Section 51.17.

Section 52.

Section 52.1.

Section 52.2.

Section 52.3.

Section 52.4.

Section 52.45.

Section 52.5.

Section 52.6.

Section 52.65.

Section 52.7.

Section 52.8.

Section 53.

Section 53.5.

Section 53.7.