the person entitled to present the instrument cannot with reasonable diligence make presentment;
the maker or acceptor has repudiated an obligation to pay the instrument or is dead or in insolvency proceedings;
by the terms of the instrument presentment is not necessary to enforce the obligation of endorsers or the drawer;
the drawer or endorser whose obligation is being enforced has waived presentment or otherwise has no reason to expect or right to require that the instrument be paid or accepted; or
the drawer instructed the drawee not to pay or accept the draft or the drawee was not obligated to the drawer to pay the draft.