Code of Virginia
Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure
Chapter 3 - Actions

§ 8.01-27.1. Additional recovery in certain civil actions concerning checks or rejected electronic funds transfers - A. Except as otherwise provided in Chapter 12 (§ 55.1-1200...

§ 8.01-27.2. Civil recovery for giving bad check - A. Except as otherwise provided in Chapter 12 (§ 55.1-1200...

§ 8.01-27.3. Evidence in actions regarding issuance of bad check - In any civil action growing out of an arrest under...

§ 8.01-27.4. Civil recovery for professional services - In the event any insured or enrollee of an accident...

§ 8.01-27.5. Duty of in-network providers to submit claims to health insurers; liability of covered patients for unbilled health care services - A. As used in this section: "Covered patient" means a...

§ 8.01-28. When judgment to be given in action upon contract or note unless defendant appears and denies claim under oath - In any action at law on a note or contract,...

§ 8.01-29. Procedure in actions on annuity and installment bonds, and other actions for penalties for nonperformance - In an action on an annuity bond, or a bond...

§ 8.01-30. Procedure in actions on contracts made by several persons - Upon all contracts hereafter made by more than one person,...

§ 8.01-31. Accounting in equity - An accounting in equity may be had against any fiduciary...

§ 8.01-32. Action on lost evidences of debt - A. A civil action may be maintained on any past-due...

§ 8.01-33. Equitable relief in certain cases - A court shall not grant equitable relief in a suit...

§ 8.01-34. When contribution among wrongdoers enforced - Contribution among wrongdoers may be enforced when the wrong results...

§ 8.01-35. Damages for loss of income not diminished by reimbursement - In any suit brought for personal injury or death, provable...

§ 8.01-35.1. Effect of release or covenant not to sue in respect to liability and contribution - A. When a release or a covenant not to sue...

§ 8.01-36. Joinder of action of tort to infant with action for recovery of expenses incurred thereby and claim for recovery of expenses by infant - A. Where there is pending any action by an infant...

§ 8.01-37. Recovery of lost wages in action for injuries to emancipated infant - In any suit for personal injuries brought on behalf of...

§ 8.01-37.1. Claims for medical services provided by United States; proof of reasonable value - Whenever any person sustains personal injuries caused by the alleged...

§ 8.01-38. Tort liability of hospitals - Hospital as referred to in this section shall include any...

§ 8.01-38.1. Limitation on recovery of punitive damages - In any action accruing on or after July 1, 1988,...

§ 8.01-39. Completion or acceptance of work not bar to action against independent contractor for personal injury, wrongful death or damage to property - In any civil action in which it is alleged that...

§ 8.01-40. Unauthorized use of name or picture of any person; punitive damages; statute of limitations - A. Any person whose name, portrait, or picture is used...

§ 8.01-40.1. Action for injury resulting from violation of Computer Crimes Act; limitations - Any person whose property or person is injured by reason...

§ 8.01-40.2. Unsolicited transmission of advertising materials by facsimile machine - A. Any person aggrieved by the intentional electronic or telephonic...

§ 8.01-40.3. Unauthorized dissemination, etc., of criminal history record information; civil action - A. Any person who disseminates, publishes, or maintains or causes...

§ 8.01-40.4. Civil action for unlawful creation of image of another or unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another - A. Any person injured by an individual who engaged in...

§ 8.01-41. Wrongful distraint, attachment - If property be distrained for any rent not due, or...

§ 8.01-42. Loss or injury to clothing in dyeing, dry cleaning, or laundering - No person engaged in the business of dyeing, dry cleaning,...

§ 8.01-42.1. Civil action for racial, religious, or ethnic harassment, violence or vandalism - A. An action for injunctive relief or civil damages, or...

§ 8.01-42.2. Liability of guest for hotel damage - Any registered guest in a hotel, motel, inn or other...

§ 8.01-42.3. Civil action for stalking - A. A victim has a civil cause of action against...

§ 8.01-42.4. Civil action for trafficking in persons - A. Any person injured by reason of (i) a violation...

§ 8.01-42.5. Civil action for female genital mutilation - A. Any person injured by an individual who engaged in...

§ 8.01-43. Action against parent for damage to public property by minor - The Commonwealth, acting through the officers having charge of the...

§ 8.01-44. Action against parent for damage to private property by minor - The owner of any property may institute an action and...

§ 8.01-44.1. Immunity from civil liability of members of certain committees, etc. - Every member of any committee, board, group, commission, or other...

§ 8.01-44.2. Action against physician for vaccine-related injury or death - In any case where a person could file or could...

§ 8.01-44.3. Divulgence of communications by qualified interpreters and communications assistants - If the content of any communication which is facilitated for...

§ 8.01-44.4. Action for shoplifting and employee theft - A. A merchant may recover a civil judgment against any...

§ 8.01-44.5. Punitive damages for persons injured by intoxicated drivers - In any action for personal injury or death arising from...

§ 8.01-44.6. Action for injury to cemetery property - The owner or operator of a cemetery company may bring...

§ 8.01-44.7. Action for tampering with metering device and diverting service - Any provider of services that have been tampered with or...

§ 8.01-45. Action for insulting words - All words shall be actionable which from their usual construction...

§ 8.01-46. Justification and mitigation of damages - In any action for defamation, the defendant may justify by...

§ 8.01-46.1. Disclosure of employment-related information; presumptions; causes of action; definitions - A. Any employer who, upon request by a person's prospective...

§ 8.01-46.2. Civil action for dissemination of intimate images to another; penalty - A. As used in this section: "Electronic communication device" means...

§ 8.01-47. Immunity of persons investigating or reporting certain incidents at schools - In addition to any other immunity he may have, any...

§ 8.01-48. Mitigation in actions against newspapers, etc. - In any civil action against the publisher, owner, editor, reporter...

§ 8.01-49. Defamatory statements in radio and television broadcasts - The owner, licensee or operator of a radio and television...

§ 8.01-49.1. Liability for defamatory material on the Internet - A. No provider or user of an interactive computer service...

§ 8.01-50. Action for death by wrongful act; how and when to be brought - A. Whenever the death of a person shall be caused...

§ 8.01-50.1. Certification of expert witness opinion at time of service of process - Every motion for judgment, counter claim, or third party claim...

§ 8.01-51. No action when deceased has compromised claim - No action shall be maintained by the personal representative of...

§ 8.01-52. Amount of damages - The jury or the court, as the case may be,...

§ 8.01-52.1. Admissibility of expressions of sympathy - In any wrongful death action brought pursuant to § 8.01-50...

§ 8.01-53. Class and beneficiaries; when determined - A. The damages awarded pursuant to § 8.01-52 shall be...

§ 8.01-54. Judgment to distribute recovery when verdict fails to do so - A. The verdict may and the judgment of the court...

§ 8.01-55. Compromise of claim for death by wrongful act - The personal representative of the deceased may compromise any claim...

§ 8.01-56. When right of action not to determine nor action to abate - The right of action under § 8.01-50 shall not determine,...

§ 8.01-57. Liability of railroads for injury to certain employees - Every common carrier by railroad engaged in intrastate commerce shall...

§ 8.01-58. Contributory negligence no bar to recovery; violation of safety appliance acts - In all actions brought against any such common carrier to...

§ 8.01-59. Assumption of risk; violation of safety appliance acts - In any action brought against any common carrier, under or...

§ 8.01-60. Contracts exempting from liability void; set-off of insurance - Any contract, rule, regulation or device whatsoever the purpose or...

§ 8.01-61. Definition of "common carrier" as used in article - The term "common carrier" as used in §§ 8.01-57 to...

§ 8.01-62. Action may embrace liability under both State and federal acts - The motion for judgment or other pleading in any such...

§ 8.01-63. Liability for death or injury to guest in motor vehicle - Any person transported by the owner or operator of any...

§ 8.01-64. Liability for negligence of minor - Every owner of a motor vehicle causing or knowingly permitting...

§ 8.01-65. Defense of lack of consent of owner - It shall be a valid defense to any action brought...

§ 8.01-66. Recovery of damages for loss of use of vehicle - A. Whenever any person is entitled to recover for damage...

§ 8.01-66.1. Remedy for arbitrary refusal of motor vehicle insurance claim - A. Whenever any insurance company licensed in this Commonwealth to...

§ 8.01-66.1:1. (For January 1, 2016, applicability date, see Editor's note) Subrogation claims by underinsured motorist benefits insurer - A. Any underinsured motorist benefits insurer paying such benefits to...

§ 8.01-66.2. Lien against person whose negligence causes injury - Whenever any person sustains personal injuries caused by the alleged...

§ 8.01-66.3. Lien inferior to claim of attorney or personal representative - The lien provided for in § 8.01-66.2 shall be of...

§ 8.01-66.4. Subrogation - Any municipal corporation or any person, firm or corporation who...

§ 8.01-66.5. Written notice required - A. No lien provided for in § 8.01-66.2, 8.01-66.9, or...

§ 8.01-66.6. Liability for reasonable charges for services - The notice set forth in subsection A of § 8.01-66.5,...

§ 8.01-66.7. Hearing and disposal of claim of unreasonableness - If the injured person questions the reasonableness of the charges...

§ 8.01-66.8. Petition to enforce lien - If suit is instituted by an injured person or his...

§ 8.01-66.9. Lien in favor of Commonwealth, its programs, institutions or departments on claim for personal injuries - Whenever any person sustains personal injuries and receives treatment in...

§ 8.01-66.9:1. Lien against recovery for medical treatment provided to prisoner - In any civil action brought for injuries or death suffered...

§ 8.01-66.10. Death claims settled by compromise or suit - In case of personal injuries resulting in death and settlement...

§ 8.01-66.11. Necessity for settlement or judgment - Nothing contained in this article shall be construed as imposing...

§ 8.01-66.12. Term physician to include chiropractor - Wherever the term physician is used in this article, it...

§ 8.01-67. Definitions; persons under a disability; fiduciary - The terms "fiduciary" and "person under a disability" as used...

§ 8.01-68. Jurisdiction - Circuit courts in the exercise of their equity jurisdiction, upon...

§ 8.01-69. Commencement of suit; parties - Any of the relief specified in this article may be...

§ 8.01-70. Repealed - Repealed by Acts 1990, c. 831, effective January 1, 1991.

§ 8.01-72. When death to abate such suit - A suit instituted under this article shall abate by reason...

§ 8.01-73. Guardian ad litem to be appointed - In every suit brought under this article, a guardian ad...

§ 8.01-74. Leases on behalf of persons under disability; new leases - A. Leases on behalf of persons under a disability. --...

§ 8.01-75. Who not to be purchaser - At any sale under this article neither a fiduciary for...

§ 8.01-76. How proceeds from disposition to be secured and applied; when same may be paid over - The proceeds of sale, or rents, income, or royalties, arising...

§ 8.01-77. What proceeds of sale to pass as real estate - The proceeds received under the preceding provisions of this article...

§ 8.01-78. Alternate procedure for sale of real estate of person under disability - If the personal estate of any person under a disability...

§ 8.01-79. Same; reference of petition to commissioner - On the presenting of such petition it may be referred...

§ 8.01-80. Same; action of court on report; application of proceeds of transaction - If upon the filing of the report and examination of...

§ 8.01-81. Who may compel partition of land; jurisdiction; validation of certain partitions of mineral rights; when shares of two or more laid off together - Tenants in common, joint tenants, executors with the power to...

§ 8.01-81.1. Determination of value - A. Except as otherwise provided in subsections B and C,...

§ 8.01-82. Repealed - Repealed by Acts 2020, cc. 115 and 193, cl. 2.

§ 8.01-83. Allotment to one or more parties, or sale, in lieu of partition - A. If at least one party to a partition action...

§ 8.01-83.1. Open-market sale, sealed bids, or auction - A. If the court orders a sale of property in...

§ 8.01-83.2. Notice by posting - If the plaintiff in a partition action seeks an order...

§ 8.01-83.3. Commissioners - If the court appoints commissioners pursuant to Article 11 (§...

§ 8.01-84. Application of proceeds of sale to payment of lien - When there are liens on the interest of any party...

§ 8.01-85. Disposition of share in proceeds of person under disability - The court making an order for sale shall, if a...

§ 8.01-86. Repealed - Repealed by Acts 1990, c. 831, effective January 1, 1991.

§ 8.01-87. Validation of certain partitions prior to act of 1922 - All partitions heretofore had, when the proceedings conformed to the...

§ 8.01-88. Decree of partition to vest legal title - A decree heretofore or hereafter made, confirming any partition or...

§ 8.01-89. When proceeds of sale deemed personal estate - The proceeds of any sale made under § 8.01-83 shall,...

§ 8.01-90. When name or share of parties unknown - If the name or share of any person interested in...

§ 8.01-91. Effect of partition or sale on lessee's rights - Any person who, before the partition or sale, was lessee...

§ 8.01-92. Allowance of attorneys' fees out of unrepresented shares - In any partition suit when there are unrepresented shares, the...

§ 8.01-93. Partition of goods, etc., by sale, if necessary - When an equal division of goods or chattels cannot be...

§ 8.01-94. When sold, leased or exchanged - Whenever an interest in property, real or personal, is held...

§ 8.01-95. Procedure in such case - The procedure in such suit and the investment of the...

§ 8.01-96. Decree for sale; how made; bond of commissioner - In decreeing a sale under any provisions of law, the...

§ 8.01-97. Delinquent taxes to be ascertained - In every suit brought in this Commonwealth for the sale...

§ 8.01-98. Sales of land when purchase price insufficient to pay taxes, etc. - In any proceedings for the sale of real estate or...

§ 8.01-99. Bond required of special commissioner for sale - Except as hereinafter provided, no special commissioner shall advertise the...

§ 8.01-100. Liability of clerk for false certificate or failure to give bond - If any clerk make a certificate as to the bond,...

§ 8.01-101. Purchasers relieved of liability for purchase money paid to such commissioner - When the certificate pursuant to the provisions in § 8.01-99...

§ 8.01-102. Purchasers not required to see to application of purchase money - No purchaser or renter at a duly authorized sale or...

§ 8.01-103. Special commissioner or other person appointed to do so to receive purchase money, etc.; liability of clerk for failure to give notice of appointment - The special commissioner, who makes the sale or renting, shall...

§ 8.01-104. Repealed - Repealed by Acts 1978, c. 718.

§ 8.01-105. Rule against special commissioner, purchaser, etc., for judgment for amounts due - Any court of this Commonwealth, may, at the instance of...

§ 8.01-106. How cause heard upon rule and judgment rendered - Upon the return of a rule executed under § 8.01-105...

§ 8.01-107. Trial by jury of issues made upon rule - If, upon the return of such rule, any party thereto...

§ 8.01-108. When sureties of commissioner, purchaser, etc., proceeded against by rule - Whenever a special commissioner, a receiver, purchaser at a judicial...

§ 8.01-109. Commission for selling, collecting, etc.; each piece of property to constitute separate sale - For the services of commissioners or officers under any decree...

§ 8.01-110. Appointment of special commissioner to execute deed, etc.; effect of deed - A court in a suit wherein it is proper to...

§ 8.01-111. What such deed to show - Every deed executed by any such commissioner pursuant to the...

§ 8.01-112. Reinstatement of cause to appoint special commissioner to make deed - Any ended cause may be reinstated for the purpose of...

§ 8.01-113. When title of purchaser at judicial sale not to be disturbed - If a sale of property is made under a decree...

§ 8.01-114. When property to be taken by officer; summary of evidence, affidavits and report to be filed - A. A proceeding in detinue to recover personal property unlawfully...

§ 8.01-115. Bond required as prerequisite - No such order or process, however, shall be issued until...

§ 8.01-116. Return of property to defendant or other claimant - A. Subject to the provisions of subsection B below, the...

§ 8.01-117. Exceptions to sufficiency of bonds - Either party may file exceptions to the sufficiency of the...

§ 8.01-118. Repealed - Repealed by Acts 1986, c. 341.

§ 8.01-119. Hearing to review issuance of order or process under § 8.01-114 or to consider request for such order or process - A. Within thirty days after the issuance of any ex...

§ 8.01-120. No verdict as to some items; omission of price or value - If in such detinue action, on an issue concerning several...

§ 8.01-121. Final judgment - When final judgment is rendered on the trial of such...

§ 8.01-122. Charges for keeping property - The legal charges, if any, for keeping any such property,...

§ 8.01-123. Recovery of damages sustained for property withheld during appeal - When a judgment for specific personal property is affirmed by...

§ 8.01-124. Motion for judgment in circuit court for unlawful entry or detainer - If any forcible or unlawful entry be made upon lands,...

§ 8.01-125. When summons returnable to circuit court; jury - When the action is commenced in the circuit court, the...

§ 8.01-126. Summons for unlawful detainer issued by magistrate or clerk or judge of a general district court - A. For the purposes of this section, "termination notice" means...

§ 8.01-127. Repealed - Repealed by Acts 2007, c. 869, cl. 2.

§ 8.01-128. Verdict and judgment; damages - A. If it appears that the plaintiff was forcibly or...

§ 8.01-129. Appeal from judgment of general district court - A. An appeal shall lie from the judgment of a...

§ 8.01-130. Judgment not to bar action of trespass, ejectment, or unlawful detainer - No judgment in an action brought under the provisions of...

§ 8.01-130.01. Unlawful detainer; expungement - A. If an action for unlawful detainer filed in general...

§ 8.01-130.1. Remedy for rent and for use and occupation - Rent of every kind may be recovered by distress or...

§ 8.01-130.2. Who may recover rent or compensation - If a person is entitled to rent or compensation, whether...

§ 8.01-130.3. Who is liable for rent - Rent may be recovered from the lessee or other person...

§ 8.01-130.4. When and by whom distress made - A distress action for rent may be brought no later...

§ 8.01-130.5. Procedure for trial on warrant in distress - The distress warrant shall contain a return date and be...

§ 8.01-130.6. On what goods levied; to what extent goods liable; priorities between landlord and other lienors - The distress may be levied on any goods of the...

§ 8.01-130.7. Procedure when distress levied and tenant unable to give forthcoming bond; what defense may be made - A. On affidavit by a tenant, whose property has been...

§ 8.01-130.8. Review of decision to issue ex parte order or process; claim of exemption - Promptly after levy on the property or promptly after possession...

§ 8.01-130.9. On what terms purchasers and lienors inferior to landlord may remove goods; certain liens not affected - If, after the commencement of any tenancy, a lien is...

§ 8.01-130.10. When goods of a sublessee may be removed from leased premises - The following limitations shall apply to § 8.01-130.9: a sublessee,...

§ 8.01-130.11. When officer may enter by force to levy distress or attachment - The officer having such distress warrant, or an attachment for...

§ 8.01-130.12. When distress not unlawful because of irregularity, etc. - When distress is made for rent justly due and any...

§ 8.01-130.13. Return of execution; process of sale thereunder - The sheriff under writ of execution from the court after...

§ 8.01-131. Action of ejectment retained; when and by whom brought - A. The action of ejectment is retained, subject to the...

§ 8.01-132. What interest and right plaintiff must have - No person shall bring such ejectment action unless he has,...

§ 8.01-133. Who shall be defendants; when and how landlord may defend - The person actually occupying the premises and any person claiming...

§ 8.01-134. How action commenced and prosecuted - The action shall be commenced and prosecuted as other actions...

§ 8.01-135. What is to be stated in motion for judgment - It shall be sufficient for the plaintiff to aver in...

§ 8.01-136. How premises described - The premises claimed shall be described in the motion for...

§ 8.01-137. Plaintiff to state how he claims - The plaintiff shall also state whether he claims in fee...

§ 8.01-138. There may be several counts and several plaintiffs - The motion for judgment may contain several counts, and several...

§ 8.01-139. What proof by plaintiff is sufficient - The consent rule, formerly used, remains abolished. The plaintiff need...

§ 8.01-140. Effect of reservation in deed; burden of proof - In any action, suit or other judicial proceeding involving the...

§ 8.01-141. When action by cotenants, etc., against cotenants, what plaintiff to prove - If the action be by one or more tenants in...

§ 8.01-142. Verdict when action against several defendants - If the action be against several defendants, and a joint...

§ 8.01-143. When there may be several judgments against defendants - If the action be against several defendants, and it appear...

§ 8.01-144. Recovery of part of premises claimed - The plaintiff may recover any specific or any undivided part...

§ 8.01-145. When possession of part not possession of whole - In a controversy affecting real estate, possession of part shall...

§ 8.01-146. When vendee, etc., entitled to conveyance of legal title, vendor cannot recover - A vendor, or any claiming under him, shall not, at...

§ 8.01-147. When mortgagee or trustee not to recover - The payment of the whole sum, or the performance of...

§ 8.01-148. Right of defendant to resort to equity not affected - Whether the defendant shall or shall not make or attempt...

§ 8.01-149. Verdict when jury finds for plaintiffs or any of them - If the jury be of opinion for the plaintiffs, or...

§ 8.01-150. Verdict when any plaintiff has no right - When any plaintiff appears to have no such right, the...

§ 8.01-151. How verdict to specify premises recovered - When the right of the plaintiff is proved to all...

§ 8.01-152. How verdict to specify undivided interest or share - If the verdict be for an undivided share or interest...

§ 8.01-153. Verdict to specify estate of plaintiff - The verdict shall also specify the estate found in the...

§ 8.01-154. When right of plaintiff expires before trial, what judgment entered - If the right or title of a plaintiff in ejectment...

§ 8.01-155. How judgment for plaintiff entered - The judgment for the plaintiff shall be, that he recover...

§ 8.01-156. Authority of sheriffs, etc., to store and sell personal property removed from premises; recovery of possession by owner; disposition or sale - In any county or city, when personal property is removed...

§ 8.01-157. Repealed - Repealed by Acts 1990, c. 831, effective January 1, 1991.

§ 8.01-158. How claim of plaintiff for profits and damages assessed - If the plaintiff file with his motion for judgment a...

§ 8.01-159. When court to assess damages - If there be no issue of fact tried in the...

§ 8.01-160. Defendant to give notice of claim for improvements - If the defendant intends to claim allowance for improvements made...

§ 8.01-161. How allowed - In such case, the damages of the plaintiff, and the...

§ 8.01-162. Postponement of assessment and allowance - On the motion of either party, the court may order...

§ 8.01-163. Judgment to be conclusive - Any such judgment in an action of ejectment shall be...

§ 8.01-164. Recovery of mesne profits, etc., not affected - Nothing in this chapter shall prevent the plaintiff from recovering...

§ 8.01-165. Writ of right, etc., abolished - No writ of right, writ of entry, or writ of...

§ 8.01-166. How defendant may apply therefor, and have judgment suspended - Any defendant against whom a decree or judgment shall be...

§ 8.01-167. How damages of plaintiff assessed - The jury, in assessing such damages, either under this article...

§ 8.01-168. For what time - The defendant shall not be liable for such annual value...

§ 8.01-169. How value of improvements determined in favor of defendant - If the jury shall be satisfied that the defendant, or...

§ 8.01-170. If allowance for improvements exceed damages, what to be done - If the sum determined for the improvements exceed the damages...

§ 8.01-171. Verdict for balance, after offsetting damages against improvements - After offsetting the damages assessed for the plaintiff and the...

§ 8.01-172. Balance for defendant a lien on the land - Any such balance due to the defendant shall constitute a...

§ 8.01-173. How tenant for life, paying for improvements, reimbursed - If the plaintiff claim only an estate for life in...

§ 8.01-174. Exception as to mortgagees and trustees - Nothing in this article, nor anything concerning rents, profits, and...

§ 8.01-175. When plaintiff may require his estate only to be valued; how determined; how he may elect to relinquish his title to defendant - A. When the defendant shall claim allowance for improvements, the...

§ 8.01-176. How payment of such value to be made by defendant; when land sold therefor - The payments shall be made to the plaintiff, or into...

§ 8.01-177. When such value to be deemed real estate - If the party by or for whom the land is...

§ 8.01-178. When and how defendant, if evicted, may recover from plaintiff amount paid - If the defendant or his heirs or assigns shall, after...

§ 8.01-178.1. Waste; who is liable - A. Any tenant of land or any person who has...

§ 8.01-178.2. Civil action for waste; double damages - Any person who is injured due to another person's committing...

§ 8.01-178.3. Waste for tenant to sell or remove manure from leased premises - If a tenant at will or for years, without a...

§ 8.01-178.4. Waste committed during pendency of action - If a defendant who is a tenant in possession of...

§ 8.01-179. Motion for judgment to establish boundary lines - Any person having a subsisting interest in real estate and...

§ 8.01-180. Parties defendant; pleadings - The plaintiff shall make defendants to such motion for judgment...

§ 8.01-181. Surveys - The court may appoint a surveyor and direct such surveys...

§ 8.01-182. Claims to rents, etc., not considered - In a proceeding under this article, no claim of the...

§ 8.01-183. Recordation and effect of judgment - The judgment of the court shall be recorded in the...

§ 8.01-184. Power to issue declaratory judgments - In cases of actual controversy, circuit courts within the scope...

§ 8.01-184.1. Declaratory judgment to adjudicate constitutional nexus - A. Circuit courts shall have original jurisdiction over civil actions...

§ 8.01-185. Venue - The venue of actions seeking declarations of right with or...

§ 8.01-186. Further relief - Further relief based on a declaratory judgment order or decree...

§ 8.01-187. Commissioners or condemnation jurors to determine compensation for property taken or damaged - Whenever it is determined in a declaratory judgment proceeding that...

§ 8.01-188. Jury trial - When a declaration of right or the granting of further...

§ 8.01-189. Injunction - The pendency of any action at law or suit in...

§ 8.01-190. Costs - The costs, or such part thereof as the court may...

§ 8.01-191. Construction of article - This article is declared to be remedial. Its purpose is...

§ 8.01-192. How claims to be prosecuted - When the Comptroller or other authorized person shall disallow, either...

§ 8.01-193. Defense and hearing - In every such case, the Comptroller shall be a defendant....

§ 8.01-194. Jury may be impaneled; judgment - The court may, and on the motion of any party...

§ 8.01-195. No judgment to be paid without special appropriation - No judgment against the Commonwealth, unless otherwise expressly provided, shall...

§ 8.01-195.1. Short title - This article shall be known and may be cited as...

§ 8.01-195.2. Definitions - As used in this article: "Agency" means any department, institution,...

§ 8.01-195.3. Commonwealth, transportation district or locality liable for damages in certain cases - Subject to the provisions of this article, the Commonwealth shall...

§ 8.01-195.4. Jurisdiction of claims under this article; right to jury trial; service on Commonwealth or locality; amending amount of claim - The general district courts shall have exclusive original jurisdiction to...

§ 8.01-195.5. Settlement of certain cases - The Attorney General shall have authority in accordance with §...

§ 8.01-195.6. Notice of claim - A. Every claim cognizable against the Commonwealth or a transportation...

§ 8.01-195.7. Statute of limitations - Every claim cognizable against the Commonwealth or a transportation district...

§ 8.01-195.8. Release of further claims - Notwithstanding any provision of this article, the liability for any...

§ 8.01-195.9. Claims evaluation program - The Division of Risk Management of the Department of the...

§ 8.01-195.10. Purpose; action by the General Assembly required; definitions - A. The purpose of this article is to provide directions...

§ 8.01-195.11. Compensation for wrongful incarceration - A. Any person who is convicted of a felony by...

§ 8.01-195.12. Conditions for continued compensation - A. Any person awarded compensation under this article who is...

§ 8.01-195.13. Compensation for certain intentional acts - A. In any matter resulting in compensation for wrongful incarceration...

§ 8.01-196. Comptroller to institute proceedings - The Comptroller shall institute and prosecute all proceedings proper to...

§ 8.01-197. In what name; when not to abate - Any such action shall be in the name of the...

§ 8.01-198. Action, against whom instituted - Any such action may be instituted against any person indebted...

§ 8.01-199. Judgment, nature of - On any such motion, the judgment shall be for so...

§ 8.01-200. Mistakes against State corrected - After a debt to the Commonwealth shall have been paid,...

§ 8.01-201. Execution; real estate to be sold - In a writ of fieri facias upon a judgment or...

§ 8.01-202. Execution, to whom issued - An execution on behalf of the Commonwealth from the Circuit...

§ 8.01-203. Goods and chattels liable before real estate - Every writ of fieri facias, issued according to § 8.01-201,...

§ 8.01-204. Notice of sale of real estate; when sale to be made - When a levy is so made upon real estate, the...

§ 8.01-205. How sale made - If the amount of the execution be not sooner paid,...

§ 8.01-206. Terms of sale - The sale shall be upon six months' credit; and if...

§ 8.01-207. Who to collect purchase money and make deed; disposition of proceeds of sale - On or before the maturity of such bond the sheriff...

§ 8.01-208. When successor of officer to make deed - When the officer and his deputy who acted in making...

§ 8.01-209. Bond for purchase money to have force of judgment - When any bond taken under § 8.01-206 becomes payable and...

§ 8.01-210. Judgment against deceased obligors - A judgment may be obtained against the survivors of a...

§ 8.01-211. When venditioni exponas issued to sheriff of adjacent county; what to contain - When return is made on any execution on behalf of...

§ 8.01-212. Officer to deliver to sheriff goods and chattels levied on - The officer who made the levy shall deliver the goods...

§ 8.01-213. Where same to be sold - The sheriff to whom such writ of venditioni exponas is...

§ 8.01-214. Where real estate to be sold - Such sheriff shall also sell the real estate levied on...

§ 8.01-215. Return of officer when sale not made because of prior encumbrance - A. As used in this section, "in-person instruction" means instructional...

§ 8.01-216. Comptroller's power to adjust old claims - The Comptroller, with the advice of the Attorney General, may...

§ 8.01-216.1. Citation - This article may be cited as the Virginia Fraud Against...

§ 8.01-216.2. Definitions - As used in this article, unless the context requires otherwise:...

§ 8.01-216.3. False claims; civil penalty - A. Any person who: 1. Knowingly presents, or causes to...

§ 8.01-216.4. Attorney General; investigation, civil action - The Attorney General shall investigate any violation of § 8.01-216.3....

§ 8.01-216.5. Civil actions filed by private persons; Commonwealth may intervene - A. A person may bring a civil action for a...

§ 8.01-216.6. Rights of private plaintiff and Commonwealth - A. If the Commonwealth proceeds with the action, it shall...

§ 8.01-216.7. Award to private plaintiff - A. Except as hereinafter provided, if the Commonwealth proceeds with...

§ 8.01-216.8. Certain actions barred; relief from employment discrimination; waiver of sovereign immunity - No court shall have jurisdiction over any action brought under...

§ 8.01-216.9. Procedure; statute of limitations - A subpoena requiring the attendance of a witness at a...

§ 8.01-216.10. Civil investigative demands; issuance; sharing information - A. Whenever the Attorney General or his designee has reason...

§ 8.01-216.11. Civil investigative demands; contents and deadlines - Each civil investigative demand issued under this article shall state...

§ 8.01-216.12. Civil investigative demands; protected material or information - A civil investigative demand issued under this article shall not...

§ 8.01-216.13. Civil investigative demands; service and jurisdiction - Any civil investigative demand issued under this article may be...

§ 8.01-216.14. Civil investigative demands; documentary material - The production of documentary material in response to a civil...

§ 8.01-216.15. Civil investigative demands; interrogatories - Each inquiry in a civil investigative demand served under this...

§ 8.01-216.16. Civil investigative demands; oral examinations - A. The examination of any person pursuant to a civil...

§ 8.01-216.17. Civil investigative demands; custodian of documents; answers - A. The Attorney General shall serve as custodian of documentary...

§ 8.01-216.18. Civil investigative demands; judicial proceedings for noncompliance - A. Whenever any person fails to comply with any civil...

§ 8.01-216.19. Application of the Rules of the Supreme Court - The Rules of the Supreme Court of Virginia shall apply...

§ 8.01-217. How name of person may be changed - A. Any person desiring to change his own name, or...

§ 8.01-218. Replevin abolished - No action of replevin shall be hereafter brought. Code 1950,...

§ 8.01-219. Effect of judgment in trover - A judgment for the plaintiff in an action of trover...

§ 8.01-219.1. Responsibility of possessor of real property for harm to trespasser - A. A possessor of real property, including an owner, lessee,...

§ 8.01-220. Action for alienation of affection, breach of promise, criminal conversation and seduction abolished - A. Notwithstanding any other provision of law to the contrary,...

§ 8.01-220.1. Defense of interspousal immunity abolished as to certain causes of action arising on or after July 1, 1981 - The common-law defense of interspousal immunity in tort is abolished...

§ 8.01-220.1:1. Civil immunity for officers, partners, members, managers, trustees and directors of certain tax exempt organizations - A. Directors, partners, members, managers, trustees and officers of organizations...

§ 8.01-220.1:2. Civil immunity for teachers under certain circumstances - A. Any teacher employed by a local school board in...

§ 8.01-220.1:3. Immunity for members of church, synagogue or religious body - No member of any church, synagogue or religious body shall...

§ 8.01-220.1:4. Civil immunity for officers and directors of certain nonprofit organizations - A. Directors and officers of any entity created to ensure...

§ 8.01-220.1:5. Defense of intra-family immunity abolished for wrongful death actions - In any action for death by wrongful act under §...

§ 8.01-220.2. Spousal liability for medical care - Each spouse shall be jointly and severally liable for all...

§ 8.01-221. Damages from violation of statute, remedy therefor and penalty - Any person injured by the violation of any statute may...

§ 8.01-221.1. Unestablished business damages; lost profits - Damages for lost profits of a new or unestablished business...

§ 8.01-221.2. Rescission; undue influence; attorney fees - In any civil action to rescind a deed, contract, or...

§ 8.01-222. Repealed - Repealed by Acts 2007, c. 368, cl. 2.

§ 8.01-223. Lack of privity no defense in certain cases - In cases not provided for in § 8.2-318 where recovery...

§ 8.01-223.1. Use of constitutional rights - In any civil action, the exercise by a party of...

§ 8.01-223.2. Immunity of persons for statements made at public hearing or communicated to third party - A. A person shall be immune from civil liability for...

§ 8.01-224. Defense of governmental immunity not available to certain persons in actions for damages from blasting, etc. - The defense of governmental immunity shall not be available to...

§ 8.01-225. Persons rendering emergency care, obstetrical services exempt from liability - A. Any person who: 1. In good faith, renders emergency...

§ 8.01-225.01. Certain immunity for health care providers during disasters under specific circumstances - A. In the absence of gross negligence or willful misconduct,...

§ 8.01-225.02. Certain liability protection for health care providers during disasters - A. In the absence of gross negligence or willful misconduct,...

§ 8.01-225.03. Certain immunity for certain hospices, home care organizations, private providers, assisted living facilities, and adult day care centers during a disaster under specific circumstances - A. As used in this section: "Disaster" or "emergency" means...

§ 8.01-225.1. Immunity for team physicians - Any physician, surgeon or chiropractor licensed to practice by the...

§ 8.01-225.2. Immunity for those rendering emergency care to animals - Any person, including a person licensed to practice veterinary medicine,...

§ 8.01-225.3. Immunity for volunteer first responders en route to an emergency - Notwithstanding any other provision of law, no volunteer firefighter or...

§ 8.01-226. Duty of care to law-enforcement officers, firefighters, etc. - A. An owner or occupant of real property containing premises...

§ 8.01-226.1. Civil immunity when participating in Lawyers Helping Lawyers - Any person shall be immune from civil liability for, or...

§ 8.01-226.2. Civil immunity for licensed professional engineers and licensed architects participating in rescue or relief assistance - Any licensed professional engineer or licensed architect who, in good...

§ 8.01-226.3. Civil immunity for officers, directors and members of certain crime information-gathering organizations - Any officer, director or member of a nonprofit organization which,...

§ 8.01-226.4. Civil immunity for hospice volunteers - Any individual who, in good faith, without compensation, and in...

§ 8.01-226.5. Immunity for installers and inspectors of child restraint devices - Any person who has successfully met the minimum required training...

§ 8.01-226.5:1. Civil immunity for school board employees supervising self-administration of certain medication - A. Any school principal or other employee of a school...

§ 8.01-226.5:2. Immunity of hospital and emergency medical services agency personnel for the acceptance of certain infants - Any personnel of a hospital or emergency medical services agency...

§ 8.01-226.6. Repealed - Repealed by Acts 2007, c. 250, cl. 2.

§ 8.01-226.7. Owner and agent compliance with residential lead-based paint notification; maintenance immunity - A. As used in this section, the following definitions apply:...

§ 8.01-226.8. Civil immunity for public and nonprofit corporation officials and private volunteers participating in certain programs for probationers - Probation officers; court personnel; state, county, city, and town personnel;...

§ 8.01-226.9. Exemption from civil liability in connection with arrest or detention of person suspected of shoplifting - A merchant, agent or employee of the merchant, who causes...

§ 8.01-226.10. Civil immunity for causing the arrest of a person for a bad check - If payment of any check, draft, or order for the...

§ 8.01-226.11. Civil immunity for operation of victim notification program - The Virginia Sheriffs' Association and the Virginia Community Policing Institute,...

§ 8.01-226.12. Duty of landlord and managing agent with respect to visible mold - A. As used in this section, the following definitions apply:...

§ 8.01-226.13. Limited standing to seek injunctive relief against manufacturing companies - A. As used in this section: "Manufacturing company" means a...

§ 8.01-227. Remedy by motion on certain bonds given or taken by officers; notice - The court in which any bond given or taken by...

§ 8.01-227.1. Repealed - Repealed by Acts 2007, c. 250, cl. 2.

§ 8.01-227.4. Definitions - As used in this article: "Controlled substance" means a controlled...

§ 8.01-227.5. Persons who may bring action; persons against whom actions may be brought; damages recoverable - A. A parent or legal custodian may bring an action...

§ 8.01-227.6. Law-enforcement officer or agency; health care provider not liable under certain conditions - A law-enforcement officer or agency shall not be liable under...

§ 8.01-227.7. Statute of limitations - Every action brought pursuant to this article shall be commenced...

§ 8.01-227.8. Definitions - For purposes of this section: "Participant" means any space flight...

§ 8.01-227.9. Civil immunity for space flight entities - A. Except as provided in subsection B, a space flight...

§ 8.01-227.10. Warning required - A. Every space flight entity providing space flight activities to...

§ 8.01-227.11. Definitions - As used in this article, unless the context requires a...

§ 8.01-227.12. Warnings and other winter sports area operator requirements - A. Each winter sports area operator shall include the following...

§ 8.01-227.13. Winter sports area trail maps - Each operator, upon request, shall provide to a participant a...

§ 8.01-227.14. Freestyle terrain - In addition to providing the signage and warnings set forth...

§ 8.01-227.15. Winter sports area vehicles - An operator shall install and maintain on or near the...

§ 8.01-227.16. Passenger tramways - A. Each operator shall be responsible for the safe operation...

§ 8.01-227.17. Duties and responsibilities of winter sports participants and certain other individuals - A. A winter sports participant has a duty and responsibility...

§ 8.01-227.18. Helmets - Each winter sports participant, or the parent or legal guardian...

§ 8.01-227.19. Assumption of risks - A. A winter sports participant shall be presumed to have...

§ 8.01-227.20. Liability of winter sports area operator - A. A winter sports area operator shall be liable if...

§ 8.01-227.21. Common law regarding minors - Nothing in this article shall abrogate Virginia common law regarding...

§ 8.01-227.22. Failure to fulfill duty or responsibility not negligence per se - An operator's or participant's failure to abide by or fulfill...

§ 8.01-227.23. Applicability of article - Any liabilities and presumptions pursuant to this article apply only...

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Code of Virginia Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure Chapter 3 - Actions

Code of Virginia
Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure
Chapter 3 - Actions