California Code
PART 2 - OF CIVIL ACTIONS
TITLE 6 - OF THE PLEADINGS IN CIVIL ACTIONS

CHAPTER 1 - The Pleadings in General

Section 420. - 420. The pleadings are the formal allegations by the parties...

Section 421. - 421. The forms of pleading in civil actions, and the...

Section 422.10. - 422.10. The pleadings allowed in civil actions are complaints, demurrers,...

Section 422.30. - 422.30. (a) Every pleading shall contain a caption setting forth:...

Section 422.40. - 422.40. In the complaint, the title of the action shall...

CHAPTER 2 - Pleadings Demanding Relief

ARTICLE 1 - General Provisions

Section 425.10. - 425.10. (a) A complaint or cross-complaint shall contain both of...

Section 425.11. - 425.11. (a) As used in this section: (1) “Complaint” includes...

Section 425.115. - 425.115. (a) As used in this section: (1) “Complaint” includes...

Section 425.12. - 425.12. (a) The Judicial Council shall develop and approve official...

Section 425.13. - 425.13. (a) In any action for damages arising out of...

Section 425.14. - 425.14. No claim for punitive or exemplary damages against a...

Section 425.15. - 425.15. (a) No cause of action against a person serving...

Section 425.16. - 425.16. (a) The Legislature finds and declares that there has...

Section 425.17. - 425.17. (a) The Legislature finds and declares that there has...

Section 425.18. - 425.18. (a) The Legislature finds and declares that a SLAPPback...

Section 425.50. - 425.50. (a) An allegation of a construction-related accessibility claim in...

Section 425.55. - 425.55. (a) The Legislature finds and declares all of the...

ARTICLE 2 - Compulsory Cross-Complaints

Section 426.10. - 426.10. As used in this article: (a) “Complaint” means a...

Section 426.30. - 426.30. (a) Except as otherwise provided by statute, if a...

Section 426.40. - 426.40. This article does not apply if any of the...

Section 426.50. - 426.50. A party who fails to plead a cause of...

Section 426.60. - 426.60. (a) This article applies only to civil actions and...

Section 426.70. - 426.70. (a) Notwithstanding subdivision (a) of Section 426.60, this article...

ARTICLE 3 - Permissive Joinder of Causes of Action

Section 427.10. - 427.10. (a) A plaintiff who in a complaint, alone or...

ARTICLE 4 - Cross-Complaints

Section 428.10. - 428.10. A party against whom a cause of action has...

Section 428.20. - 428.20. When a person files a cross-complaint as authorized by...

Section 428.30. - 428.30. Where a person files a cross-complaint as authorized by...

Section 428.40. - 428.40. The cross-complaint shall be a separate document. (Added by...

Section 428.50. - 428.50. (a) A party shall file a cross-complaint against any...

Section 428.60. - 428.60. A cross-complaint shall be served on each of the...

Section 428.70. - 428.70. (a) As used in this section: (1) “Third-party plaintiff”...

Section 428.80. - 428.80. The counterclaim is abolished. Any cause of action that...

ARTICLE 5 - Contents of Documents in Particular Actions or Proceedings

Section 429.30. - 429.30. (a) As used in this section: (1) “Complaint” includes...

CHAPTER 3 - Objections to Pleadings; Denials and Defenses

ARTICLE 1 - Objections to Pleadings

Section 430.10. - 430.10. The party against whom a complaint or cross-complaint has...

Section 430.20. - 430.20. A party against whom an answer has been filed...

Section 430.30. - 430.30. (a) When any ground for objection to a complaint,...

Section 430.40. - 430.40. (a) A person against whom a complaint or cross-complaint...

Section 430.41. - 430.41. (a) Before filing a demurrer pursuant to this chapter,...

Section 430.50. - 430.50. (a) A demurrer to a complaint or cross-complaint may...

Section 430.60. - 430.60. A demurrer shall distinctly specify the grounds upon which...

Section 430.70. - 430.70. When the ground of demurrer is based on a...

Section 430.80. - 430.80. (a) If the party against whom a complaint or...

Section 430.90. - 430.90. (a) Where the defendant has removed a civil action...

ARTICLE 2 - Denials and Defenses

Section 431.10. - 431.10. (a) A material allegation in a pleading is one...

Section 431.20. - 431.20. (a) Every material allegation of the complaint or cross-complaint,...

Section 431.30. - 431.30. (a) As used in this section: (1) “Complaint” includes...

Section 431.40. - 431.40. (a) Any provision of law to the contrary notwithstanding,...

Section 431.50. - 431.50. In an action to recover upon a contract of...

Section 431.70. - 431.70. Where cross-demands for money have existed between persons at...

ARTICLE 3 - Time to Respond to Cross-Complaint

Section 432.10. - 432.10. A party served with a cross-complaint may within 30...

CHAPTER 4 - Motion to Strike

Section 435. - 435. (a) As used in this section: (1) The term...

Section 435.5. - 435.5. (a) Before filing a motion to strike pursuant to...

Section 436. - 436. The court may, upon a motion made pursuant to...

Section 437. - 437. (a) The grounds for a motion to strike shall...

CHAPTER 5 - Summary Judgments and Motions for Judgment on the Pleadings

Section 437c. - 437c. (a) (1) A party may move for summary judgment...

Section 438. - 438. (a) As used in this section: (1) “Complaint” includes...

Section 439. - 439. (a) Before filing a motion for judgment on the...

CHAPTER 6 - Verification of Pleadings

Section 446. - 446. (a) Every pleading shall be subscribed by the party...

CHAPTER 7 - General Rules of Pleading

Section 452. - 452. In the construction of a pleading, for the purpose...

Section 454. - 454. It is not necessary for a party to set...

Section 455. - 455. In an action for the recovery of real property,...

Section 456. - 456. In pleading a judgment or other determination of a...

Section 457. - 457. In pleading the performance of conditions precedent in a...

Section 458. - 458. In pleading the Statute of Limitations it is not...

Section 459. - 459. In pleading a private statute, or an ordinance of...

Section 460. - 460. In an action for libel or slander it is...

Section 460.5. - 460.5. (a) In any action for libel or slander, for...

Section 460.7. - 460.7. (a) In any action by a candidate or former...

Section 461. - 461. In any action within Section 460 or 460.5, the...

Section 464. - 464. (a) The plaintiff and defendant, respectively, may be allowed,...

Section 465. - 465. Except with leave of the court, all pleadings subsequent...

CHAPTER 8 - Variance Mistakes in Pleadings and Amendments

Section 469. - 469. Variance between the allegation in a pleading and the...

Section 470. - 470. Where the variance is not material, as provided in...

Section 471. - 471. Where, however, the allegation of the claim or defense...

Section 471.5. - 471.5. (a) If the complaint is amended, a copy of...

Section 472. - 472. (a) A party may amend its pleading once without...

Section 472a. - 472a. (a) A demurrer is not waived by an answer...

Section 472b. - 472b. When a demurrer to any pleading is sustained or...

Section 472c. - 472c. (a) When any court makes an order sustaining a...

Section 472d. - 472d. Whenever a demurrer in any action or proceeding is...

Section 473. - 473. (a) (1) The court may, in furtherance of justice,...

Section 473.1. - 473.1. The court may, upon such terms as may be...

Section 473.5. - 473.5. (a) When service of a summons has not resulted...

Section 474. - 474. When the plaintiff is ignorant of the name of...

Section 475. - 475. The court must, in every stage of an action,...